4,689
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Physical education and school bullying: a systematic review

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, &
Pages 79-100 | Received 04 Jun 2019, Accepted 31 Oct 2019, Published online: 13 Nov 2019

References

  • Allen, K. P. 2010. “Classroom Management, Bullying, and Teacher Practices.” Professional Educator 34 (1): 1–15.
  • Almagro, B. J., P. Sáenz-López, D. González-Cutre, and J. A. Moreno-Murcia. 2011. “Clima motivacional percibido, necesidades psicológicas y motivación intrínseca como predictores del compromiso deportivo en adolescentes.” [Perceived motivational climate, psychological needs and intrinsic motivation as predictors of sport commitment in adolescent athletes]. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Del Deporte 7 (24): 250–265. doi:10.5232/ricyde2011.02501.
  • Bailey, R. 2006. “Physical Education and Sport in Schools: A Review of Benefits and Outcomes.” Journal of School Health 76 (8): 397–401. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00132.x.
  • Bailey, R., K. Armour, D. Kirk, M. Jess, I. Pickup, and R. Sandford. 2009. “The Educational Benefits Claimed for Physical Education and School Sport: An Academic Review.” Research Papers in Education 24 (1): 1–27. doi:10.1080/02671520701809817.
  • Baldry, A. C. 2003. “Bullying in Schools and Exposure to Domestic Violence.” Child Abuse and Neglect 27 (7): 713–732. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(03)00114-5.
  • Barbetta, P. M., K. L. Norona, and D. F. Bicard. 2005. “Classroom Behavior Management: A Dozen Common Mistakes and What to do Instead.” Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth 49 (3): 11–19. doi:10.3200/PSFL.49.3.11-19.
  • Bejerot, S., J. Edgar, and M. B. Humble. 2011. “Poor Performance in Physical Education - A Risk Factor for Bully Victimization. A Case-Control Study.” Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics 100 (3): 413–419. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.02016.x.
  • Bejerot, S., S. Plenty, A. Humble, and M. B. Humble. 2013. “Poor Motor Skills: A Risk Marker for Bully Victimization.” Aggressive Behavior 39 (6): 453–461. doi:10.1002/ab.21489.
  • Beltrán-Carrillo, V. J., J. Devís-Devís, C. Peiró-Velert, and D. H. K. Brown. 2012. “When Physical Activity Participation Promotes Inactivity: Negative Experiences of Spanish Adolescents in Physical Education and Sport.” Youth & Society 44: 3–27. doi:10.1177/0044118X10388262.
  • Booth, A., M. Clarke, G. Dooley, D. Ghersi, D. Moher, M. Petticrew, and L. Stewart. 2013. “PROSPERO at one Year: an Evaluation of its Utility.” Systematic Review 2 (4): 1–7. doi:10.1186/2046-4053-2-4.
  • Brown, E. C., S. Low, B. H. Smith, and K. P. Haggerty. 2011. “Outcomes From a School-Randomized Controlled Trial of Steps to Respect: A Bullying Prevention Program.” School Psychology Review 40 (3): 423–433. doi:10.1037/e550932011-004.
  • CASPe. 2018. Critical appraisal skills programme. Retrieved July 17, 2018, from http://www.redcaspe.org/herramientas.
  • Coates, J., and P. Vickerman. 2008. “Let the Children Have Their say: Children with Special Educational Needs and Their Experiences of Physical Education - A Review.” Support for Learning 23 (4): 168–175. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9604.2008.00390.x.
  • Coates, J., and P. Vickerman. 2010. “Empowering Children with Special Educational Needs to Speak up: Experiences of Inclusive Physical Education.” Disability and Rehabilitation 32 (18): 1517–1526. doi:10.3109/09638288.2010.497037.
  • Corral-Pernía, J. A., F. Chacón-Borrego, J. Fernández-Gavira, and R. Del Rey. 2018. “Bullying and Cyberbullying According to Moderate Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in Secondary School’s Students.” Revista de Psicología Del Deporte 27 (3): 70–75.
  • Côté-Lussier, C., C. Fitzpatrick, L. Séguin, and T. A. Barnett. 2015. “Poor, Unsafe, and Overweight: The Role of Feeling Unsafe at School in Mediating the Association Among Poverty Exposure, Youth Screen Time, Physical Activity, and Weight Status.” American Journal of Epidemiology 182 (1): 67–79. doi:10.1093/aje/kwv005.
  • Cutrín, O., J. A. Gómez-Fraguela, L. Maneiro, and J. Sobral. 2017. “Effects of Parenting Practices Through Deviant Peers on Nonviolent and Violent Antisocial Behaviours in Middle- and Late-Adolescence.” European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context 9 (2): 75–82. doi:10.1016/j.ejpal.2017.02.001.
  • Fraser-Thomas, J. L., J. Côté, and J. Deakin. 2005. “Youth Sport Programs: An Avenue to Foster Positive Youth Development.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 10 (1): 19–40. doi:10.1080=1740898042000334890.
  • Fuller, B., K. Gulbrandson, and B. Herman-Ukasick. 2013. “Bully Prevention in the Physical Education Classroom.” Strategies 26 (6): 3–8. doi:10.1080/08924562.2013.839425.
  • Gano-Overway, L. A. 2013. “Exploring the Connections Between Caring and Social Behaviors in Physical Education.” Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 84 (1): 104–114. doi:10.1080/02701367.2013.762322.
  • Gano-Overway, L. A. 2014. “The Caring Climate: How Sport Environments can Develop Empathy in Young People.” In Organizing Through Empathy, edited by K. Pavlovich, and K. Krahe, 166–183. New York: Routledge.
  • Gerdin, G., and H. Larsson. 2018. “The Productive Effect of Power: (dis)Pleasurable Bodies Materialising in and Through the Discursive Practices of Boys’ Physical Education.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 23 (1): 66–83. doi:10.1080/17408989.2017.1294669.
  • Gibbone, A., and M. Manson. 2010. “Bullying: Proactive Physical Educators’ Contribution to School-Wide Prevention.” Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 81 (7): 20–24.
  • Gómez-Ortiz, O., E. M. Romera, and R. Ortega-Ruiz. 2016. “Parenting Styles and Bullying. The Mediating Role of Parental Psychological Aggression and Physical Punishment.” Child Abuse and Neglect 51: 132–143. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.10.025.
  • Goodwin, D. L., and E. J. Watkinson. 2000. “Inclusive Physical Education From the Perspective of Students with Physical Disabilities.” Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 17 (2): 144–160. doi:10.1123/apaq.17.2.144.
  • Gould, D., R. Flett, and L. Lauer. 2012. “The Relationship between Psychosocial Developmental and the Sports Climate Experienced by Underserved Youth.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 13 (1): 80–87. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.07.005.
  • Grant, S. 2018. “The CONSORT-SPI 2018 Extension: A New Guideline for Reporting Social and Psychological Intervention Trials.” Addiction, 1–5. doi:10.1111/add.14411.
  • Haegele, J. A., and T. N. Kirk. 2018. “Experiences in Physical Education: Exploring the Intersection of Visual Impairment and Maleness.” Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 35 (2): 196–213. doi:10.1123/apaq.2017-0132.
  • Hand, K. E. 2016. “Creating a Bully-Free Environment in Physical Education.” Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 87 (7): 55–57. doi:10.1080/07303084.2016.1203685.
  • Healy, S. 2014. “Preventing Bullying in Inclusive Physical Education.” Palaestra 28 (2): 42–46.
  • Hein, V., A. Koka, and M. S. Hagger. 2015. “Relationships between Perceived Teachers’ Controlling Behaviour, Psychological Need Thwarting, Anger and Bullying Behaviour in High-School Students.” Journal of Adolescence 42: 103–114. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.04.003.
  • Hills, A. P., D. R. Dengel, and D. R. Lubans. 2015. “Supporting Public Health Priorities: Recommendations for Physical Education and Physical Activity Promotion in Schools.” Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 57 (4): 368–374. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2014.09.010.
  • Hutzler, Y., O. Fliess, A. Chacham, and Y. Van den Auweele. 2002. “Perspectives of Children with Physical Disabilities on Inclusion and Empowerment: Supporting and Limiting Factors.” Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 19: 300–317. doi:10.1123/apaq.19.3.300.
  • Ioannidis, J. P. A., N. A. Patsopoulos, and H. R. Rothstein. 2008. “Reasons or Excuses for Avoiding Meta-Analysis in Forest Plots.” British Medical Journal 336 (7658): 1413–1415. doi:10.1136/bmj.a117.
  • Jaarsma, E. A., and B. Smith. 2018. “Promoting Physical Activity for Disabled People who are Ready to Become Physically Active: A Systematic Review.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 37: 205–223. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.08.010.
  • Jachyra, P. 2016. “Boys, Bodies, and Bullying in Health and Physical Education Class: Implications for Participation and Well-Being.” Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education 7 (2): 121–138. doi:10.1080/18377122.2016.1196112.
  • Jiménez-Barbero, J. A., J. A. Ruiz-Hernández, B. Llor-Esteban, and M. Pérez-García. 2012. “Effectiveness of Antibullying School Programmes: A Systematic Review by Evidence Levels.” Children and Youth Services Review 34 (9): 1646–1658, doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.04.025.
  • Jiménez-Barbero, J. A., J. A. Ruiz-Hernández, B. Llor-Esteban, and K. Waschgler. 2016b. “Influence of Attitudes, Impulsivity, and Parental Styles in Adolescents’ Externalizing Behavior.” Journal of Health Psychology 21 (1): 122–131. doi:10.1177/1359105314523303.
  • Jiménez-Barbero, J. A., J. A. Ruiz-Hernández, L. Llor-Zaragoza, M. Pérez-García, and B. Llor-Esteban. 2016a. “Effectiveness of Anti-Bullying School Programs: A Meta-Analysis.” Children and Youth Services Review 61: 165–175. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.12.015.
  • Joy, P., and H. Larsson. 2019. “Unspoken: Exploring the Constitution of Masculinities in Swedish Physical Education Classes Through Body Movements.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 24 (5): 491–505. doi:10.1080/17408989.2019.1628935.
  • Ko, M. S. 2017. “학교폭력 예방과 용서 및 태도 변화를 위한 신체활동 프로그램 개발.” [Development of physical education program to prevent students from school violence, forgiveness and change their attitude]. Journal of Korean Society for the Study of Physical Education 22 (3): 1–14.
  • Kreager, D. A. 2007. “Unnecessary Roughness? School Sports, Peer Networks, and Male Adolescent Violence.” American Sociological Review 72 (2): 705–724. doi:10.1177/000312240707200503.
  • Little, T. D., S. M. Jones, C. C. Henrich, and P. H. Hawley. 2003. “Disentangling the “Why” from the “Whats” of Aggressive Behaviour.” International Journal of Behavioral Development 27 (2): 122–133. doi:10.1080/01650250244000128.
  • Martins da Silva, J., A. S. F. Silva Martins, M. Barbosa-Câmara, and R. Souza-Bezerra. 2014. “O bullying na Educação Física escolar: Uma abordagem do conteúdo lutas na perspectiva da consciência corporal” [Bullying in school Physical Education: An approach of the fights content in the perspective of body awareness]. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências Do Desporto 14 (S1A/S1R): 800–900.
  • Martínez-Baena, A., and J. Faus-Boscá. 2018. “Acoso escolar y educación física: una revisión sistemática.” [School bullying and physical education: A systematic review]. Retos 34: 412–419.
  • McCusker, K., and S. Gunaydin. 2015. “Research Using Qualitative, Quantitative or Mixed Methods and Choice Based on the Research.” Perfusion (United Kingdom) 30 (7): 537–542. doi:10.1177/0267659114559116.
  • Menesini, E., and C. Salmivalli. 2017. “Bullying in Schools: The State of Knowledge and Effective Interventions.” Psychology, Health & Medicine 22 (sup1): 240–253. doi:10.1080/13548506.2017.1279740.
  • Merrell, K. W., B. A. Gueldner, S. W. Ross, and D. M. Isava. 2008. “How Effective are School Bullying Intervention Programs? A Meta-Analysis of Intervention Research.” School Psychology Quarterly 23 (1): 26–42. doi:10.1037/1045-3830.23.1.26.
  • Mitsopoulou, E., and T. Giovazolias. 2015. “Personality Traits, Empathy and Bullying Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Approach.” Aggression and Violent Behavior 21: 61–72. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2015.01.007.
  • Modecki, K. L., J. Minchin, A. G. Harbaugh, N. G. Guerra, and K. C. Runions. 2014. “Bullying Prevalence Across Contexts: A Meta-Analysis Measuring Cyber and Traditional Bullying.” Journal of Adolescent Health 55 (5): 602–611. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.007.
  • Moher, D., A. Liberati, J. Tetzlaff, and D. G. Altman. 2009. “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement.” PLoS Medicine 6 (7): e1000097. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097.
  • Moher, D., L. Shamseer, M. Clarke, D. Ghersi, A. Liberati, M. Petticrew, P. Shekelle, and E. Stewart. 2015. “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 Statement.” Systematic Reviews 4 (1): 148–160. doi:10.1186/2046-4053-4-1.
  • Morgan, P. J., and V. Hansen. 2008. “Physical Education in Primary Schools: Classroom Teachers’ Perceptions of Benefits and Outcomes.” Health Education Journal 67 (3): 196–207. doi:10.1177/0017896908094637.
  • O’Connor, J. A., and K. C. Graber. 2014. “Sixth-grade Physical Education: An Acculturation of Bullying and Fear.” Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 85 (3): 398–408. doi:10.1080/02701367.2014.930403.
  • Olweus, D. 1994. “Bullying at School: Basic Facts and Effects of a School Based Intervention Program.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 35 (7): 1171–1190. doi:/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01229.x.
  • Olweus, D. 1996. “Bullying at School: Knowledge Base and an Effective Intervention Program.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 794 (1): 265–276.
  • O’Moore, M., and C. Kirkham. 2001. “Self-esteem and its Relationship to Bullying Behaviour.” Aggressive Behavior 27 (4): 269–283. doi:10.1002/ab.1010.
  • Parrish, A. M., H. Yeatman, D. Iverson, and K. Russell. 2012. “Using Interviews and Peer Pairs to Better Understand how School Environments Affect Young Children’s Playground Physical Activity Levels: A Qualitative Study.” Health Education Research 27 (2): 269–280. doi:10.1093/her/cyr049.
  • Percy, W. H., K. Kostere, and S. Kostere. 2015. “Generic Qualitative Research in Psychology.” The Qualitative Report 20 (2): 76–85. Retrieved from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR20/2/percy5.pdf.
  • Peterson, J. L., R. M. Puhl, and J. Luedicke. 2012. “An Experimental Investigation of Physical Education Teachers’ and Coaches’ Reactions to Weight-Based Victimization in Youth.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 13 (2): 177–185. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.10.009.
  • Puhl, R. M., J. L. Peterson, and J. Luedicke. 2013. “Strategies to Address Weight-Based Victimization: Youths’ Preferred Support Interventions from Classmates, Teachers, and Parents.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42 (3): 315–327. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9849-5.
  • Ranta, K., R. Kaltiala-Heino, S. Fröjd, and M. Marttunen. 2013. “Peer Victimization and Social Phobia: A Follow-up Study among Adolescents.” Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 48 (4): 533–544. doi:10.1007/s00127-012-0583-9.
  • Roman, C. G., and C. J. Taylor. 2013. “A Multilevel Assessment of School Climate, Bullying Victimization, and Physical Activity.” Journal of School Health 83 (6): 400–407. doi:10.1111/josh.12043.
  • Ruiz-Hernández, J. A., E. Moral-Zafra, B. Llor-Esteban, and J. A. Jiménez-Barbero. 2018. “Influence of Parental Styles and Other Psychosocial Variables on the Development of Externalizing Behaviors in Adolescents: A Systematic Review.” The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context 11 (1): 9–21. doi:10.5093/ejpalc2018a11.
  • Sánchez-Queija, I., I. García-Moya, and C. Moreno. 2017. “Trend Analysis of Bullying Victimization Prevalence in Spanish Adolescent Youth at School.” Journal of School Health 87 (6): 457–464. doi:10.1111/josh.12513.
  • Scarpa, S., A. Carraro, E. Gobbi, and A. Nart. 2012. “Peer-victimization During Physical Education and Enjoyment of Physical Activity.” Perceptual and Motor Skills 115 (1): 319–324. doi:10.2466/06.05.10.PMS.115.4.319-324.
  • Sklad, M., R. Diekstra, M. De Ritter, and J. Ben. 2012. “Effectiveness of School-Based Universal Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Programs: do They Enhance Students’ Development in the Area of Skill, Behavior, and Adjustment?” Psychology in the Schools 49 (9): 892–909. doi:10.1002/pits.21641.
  • Smith, P. K. 2016. “Bullying: Definition, Types, Causes, Consequences and Intervention.” Social and Personality Psychology Compass 10 (9): 519–532. doi:10.1111/spc3.12266.
  • Standage, M., J. L. Duda, and N. Ntoumanis. 2003. “A Model of Contextual Motivation in Physical Education: Using Constructs from Self-Determination and Achievement Goal Theories to Predict Physical Activity Intentions.” Journal of Educational Psychology 95 (1): 97–110. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.97.
  • Stanley, R. M., K. Boshoff, and J. Dollman. 2012. “Voices in the Playground: A Qualitative Exploration of the Barriers and Facilitators of Lunchtime Play.” Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 15 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.08.002.
  • Storch, E. A., V. A. Milsom, N. DeBraganza, A. B. Lewin, G. R. Geffken, and J. H. Silverstein. 2007. “Peer Victimization, Psychosocial Adjustment, and Physical Activity in Overweight and at-Risk-for-Overweight Youth.” Journal of Pediatric Psychology 32 (1): 80–89. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsj113.
  • Tejero-González, C. M., C. Balsalobre-Fernández, and A. Ibáñez-Cano. 2011. “La defensa personal como intervención en la modificación de actitudes violentas.” [Self-defense as an educational intervention to modify violent attitudes]. International Journal of Medicine and Science of Physical Activity and Sport 11 (43): 513–530.
  • Thomas, H. J., J. P. Connor, D. M. Lawrence, J. M. Hafekost, S. R. Zubrick, and J. G. Scott. 2017. “Prevalence and Correlates of Bullying Victimisation and Perpetration in a Nationally Representative Sample of Australian Youth.” Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 51 (9): 909–920. doi:10.1177/0004867417707819.
  • Tillfors, M., S. Persson, M. Willén, and W. J. Burk. 2012. “Prospective Links Between Social Anxiety and Adolescent Peer Relations.” Journal of Adolescence 35 (5): 1255–1263. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.04.008.
  • Tischler, A., and N. McCaughtry. 2011. “PE is not for me: When Boyś Masculinities are Threatened.” Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 82 (1): 37–48. doi:10.1080/02701367.2011.10599720.
  • Tsaousis, I. 2016. “The Relationship of Self-Esteem to Bullying Perpetration and Peer Victimization Among Schoolchildren and Adolescents: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Aggression and Violent Behavior 31: 186–199. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2016.09.005.
  • Ttofi, M. M., and D. P. Farrington. 2011. “Effectiveness of School-Based Programs to Reduce Bullying: A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Review.” Journal of Experimental Criminology 7 (1): 27–56. doi:10.1007/s11292-010-9109-1.
  • Twemlow, S. W., P. Fonagy, F. C. Sacco, M. L. Gies, R. Evans, and R. Ewbank. 2001. “Creating a Peaceful School Learning Environment: A Controlled Study of an Elementary School Intervention to Reduce Violence.” American Journal of Psychiatry 158 (5): 808–810. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.5.808.
  • Van den Berghe, L., M. Vansteenkiste, G. Cardon, D. Kirk, and L. Haerens. 2014. “Research on Self-Determination in Physical Education: Key Findings and Proposals for Future Research.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 19 (1): 97–121. doi:10.1080/17408989.2012.732563.
  • Van Noorden, T. H. J., G. J. T. Haselager, A. H. N. Cillessen, and W. M. Bukowski. 2015. “Empathy and Involvement in Bullying in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 44 (3): 637–657. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0135-6.
  • Volk, A. A., R. Veenstra, and D. L. Espelage. 2017. “So you Want to Study Bullying? Recommendations to Enhance the Validity, Transparency, and Compatibility of Bullying Research.” Aggression and Violent Behavior 36: 34–43. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2.
  • Von Elm, E., D. G. Altman, M. Egger, S. J. Pocock, P. C. Gøtzsche, and J. P. Vandenbroucke. 2007. “The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies.” PLoS Medicine 4 (10): 1623–1627. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296.
  • Vreeman, R. C., and A. E. Carroll. 2007. “A Systematic Review of School-Based Interventions to Prevent Bullying.” Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 161 (1): 78–88.
  • Walton-Fisette, J. L., and S. Sutherland. 2018. “Moving Forward with Social Justice Education in Physical Education Teacher Education.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 23 (5): 461–468. doi:10.1080/17408989.2018.1476476.
  • Weimer, W. R., and C. E. Moreira. 2014. “Violência e bullying: manifestações e consequências nas aulas de Educação Física escolar.” [Violence and bullying: Expressions and consequences of Physical Education classes]. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Do Esporte 36 (1): 257–274. doi:10.1590/S0101-32892014000100017.
  • Williams, T. L., B. Smith, and A. Papathomas. 2014. “The Barriers, Benefits and Facilitators of Leisure Time Physical Activity Among People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Findings.” Health Psychology Review 8 (4): 404–425. doi:10.1080/17437199.2014.898406.
  • Wolfe, D. A., C. Crooks, P. Jaffe, D. Chiodo, R. Hughes, W. Ellis, L. Stitt, and A. Donner. 2009. “A School-Based Program to Prevent Adolescent Dating Violence.” Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 163 (8): 692–699. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.69.
  • Zivin, G., N. R. Hassan, G. F. DePaula, D. A. Monti, C. Harlan, K. D. Hossain, and K. Patterson. 2001. “An Effective Approach to Violence Prevention: Traditional Martial Arts in Middle School.” Adolescence 36 (143): 443–460.
  • Zych, I., D. P. Farrington, V. J. Llorent, and M. M. Ttofi. 2017. “School Bullying in Different Countries: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Short-Term Outcomes.” In Protecting Children Against Bullying and its Consequences, edited by I. Zych, D. P. Farrington, V. J. Llorent, and M. M. Ttofi, 5–22. Cham: Springer.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.