The ameliorative effects of exogenously applied proline on physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop under copper stress condition

References

• Adrees M, Ali S, Rizwan M, Ibrahim M, Abbas F, Farid M, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Irshad MK, Bharwana SA. 2015. The effect of excess copper on growth and physiology of important food crops: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 22:8148–8162. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4496-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad K, Khan ZI, Ashraf S, Ejaz A, Shaheen M, Raza SH, Abbas F, Tahir HM. 2013. Effect of sewage water irrigation on the uptake of some essential minerals in canola (Brassica napus L.): A potential forage crop for ruminants. Pak J Life Soc Sci. 11:42–47.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed A, Hasnain A, Akhtar S, Hussain A, Yasin G, Wahid A, Mahmood S. 2010. Antioxidant enzymes as bio-markers for copper tolerance in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Afr J Biotechnol. 9:5441–5444. doi: 10.5897/AJB10.638
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali Q, Ashraf M, Athar H-U-R. 2007. Exogenously applied proline at different growth stages enhances growth of two maize cultivars grown under water deficit conditions. Pak J Bot. 39:1133–1144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali HM, Siddiqui MH, Al-Whaibi MH, Basalah MO, Sakran AM, El-Zaidy M. 2013. Effect of proline and abscisic acid on the growth and physiological performance of faba bean under water stress. Pak J Bot. 45:933–940.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashraf M, Foolad M. 2007. Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environ Exp Bot. 59:206–216. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.12.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athar R, Ahmad M. 2002. Heavy metal toxicity: effect on plant growth and metal uptake by wheat, and on free living Azotobacter. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 138:165–180. doi: 10.1023/A:1015594815016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azooz MM, Abou-Elhamd MF, Al-Fredan MA. 2012. Biphasic effect of copper on growth, proline, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Hasaawi) at early growing stage. Aust J Crop Sci. 6:688.
   Google Scholar
• Bates L, Waldren R, Teare I. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil. 39:205–207. doi: 10.1007/BF00018060
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben Ahmed C, Ben Rouina B, Sensoy S, Boukhriss M, Ben Abdullah F. 2010. Exogenous proline effects on photosynthetic performance and antioxidant defense system of young olive tree. J Agric Food Chem. 58:4216–4222. doi: 10.1021/jf9041479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 72:248–254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brahim L, Mohamed M. 2011. Effects of copper stress on antioxidative enzymes, chlorophyll and protein content in Atriplex halimus. Afr J Biotechnol. 10:10143–10148. doi: 10.5897/AJB10.1804
   Google Scholar
• Chance B, Maehly A. 1955. Assay of catalase and peroxidase. Methods Enzymol. 2:764–775.
   Google Scholar
• Chen W, Chang AC, Wu L. 2007. Assessing long-term environmental risks of trace elements in phosphate fertilizers. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 67:48–58. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.12.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Sherbeny MR, Silva JATd. 2013. Foliar treatment with proline and tyrosine affect the growth and yield of beetroot and some pigments in beetroot leaves. J Hortic Res. 21:95–99. doi: 10.2478/johr-2013-0027
   Google Scholar
• El-Tayeb M, El-Enany A, Ahmed N. 2006. Salicylic acid-induced adaptive response to copper stress in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Plant Growth Regul. 50:191–199. doi: 10.1007/s10725-006-9118-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein F. 1972. Mineral nutrition of plants: principles and prospectives. New York (NY): Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Fariduddin Q, Yusuf M, Hayat S, Ahmad A. 2009. Effect of 28-homobrassinolide on antioxidant capacity and photosynthesis in Brassica juncea plants exposed to different levels of copper. Environ Exp Bot. 66:418–424. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.05.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frary A, Göl D, Keleş D, Ökmen B, Pınar H, Şığva HÖ, Yemenicioğlu A, Doğanlar S. 2010. Salt tolerance in Solanum pennellii: antioxidant response and related QTL. BMC Plant Biol. 10:01–16. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gang A, Vyas A, Vyas H. 2013. Toxic effect of heavy metals on germination and seedling growth of wheat. J Env Res Dev. 8:206.
   Google Scholar
• Giannopolitis CN, Ries SK. 1977. Superoxide dismutases I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiol. 59:309–314. doi: 10.1104/pp.59.2.309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall J. 2002. Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. J Exp Bot. 53:1–11. doi: 10.1093/jexbot/53.366.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall J, Williams LE. 2003. Transition metal transporters in plants. J Exp Bot. 54:2601–2613. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erg303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoagland DR, Arnon DI. 1950. The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. Circular, California Agricultural Experiment Station, 347.
   Google Scholar
• Houshm A, Moraghebi F. 2011. Effect of mixed cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc on seed germination and seedling growth of safflower. Afr J Agric Res. 6:1463–1468.
   Google Scholar
• Imlay JA. 2003. Pathways of oxidative damage. Annu Rev Microbiol. 57:395–418. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamal A, Ayub N, Usman M, Khan AG. 2002. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance zinc and nickel uptake from contaminated soil by soybean and lentil. Int J Phytoremediation. 4:205–221. doi: 10.1080/15226510208500083
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamil M, Rehman S, Lee KJ, Kim HS, Rha ES. 2007. Salinity reduced growth PS2 Photochemistry and chlorophyll content in radish. ‌Sci Agric. 64:111–118. doi: 10.1590/S0103-90162007000200002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janas K, Zielińska-Tomaszewska J, Rybaczek D, Maszewski J, Posmyk M, Amarowicz R, Kosińska A. 2010. The impact of copper ions on growth, lipid peroxidation, and phenolic compound accumulation and localization in lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) seedlings. J Plant Physiol. 167:270–276. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.09.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalai T, Khamassi K, Silva JATd, Gouia H, Ben-Kaab LB. 2014. Cadmium and copper stress affect seedling growth and enzymatic activities in germinating barley seeds. Arch Agron Soil Sci. 60:765–783. doi: 10.1080/03650340.2013.838001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karimi P, Khavari-Nejad R, Niknam V, Ghahremaninejad F, Najafi F. 2012. The effects of excess copper on antioxidative enzymes, lipid peroxidation, proline, chlorophyll, and concentration of Mn, Fe, and Cu in Astragalus neo-mobayenii. Scientific World J. 2012:01–06.
   Google Scholar
• Kaymakanova M, Stoeva N, Mincheva T. 2008. Salinity and its effects on the physiological response of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Cent Eur Agric. 9:749–755.
   Google Scholar
• Ke W, Xiong Z, Xie M, Luo Q. 2007. Accumulation, subcellular localization and ecophysiological responses to copper stress in two Daucus carota L. populations. Plant Soil. 292:291–304. doi: 10.1007/s11104-007-9229-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan M, Panda S. 2008. Alterations in root lipid peroxidation and antioxidative responses in two rice cultivars under NaCl-salinity stress. Acta Physiol Plant. 30:81. doi: 10.1007/s11738-007-0093-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawlor DW, Cornic G. 2002. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plant Cell Environ. 25:275–294. doi: 10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00814.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matysik J, Alia, Bhalu B, Mohanty. 2002. Molecular mechanisms of quenching of reactive oxygen species by proline under stress in plants. Curr Sci. 82:525–532.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxwell K, Johnson GN. 2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence – a practical guide. J Exp Bot. 51:659–668. doi: 10.1093/jexbot/51.345.659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaud AM, Chappellaz C, Hinsinger P. 2008. Copper phytotoxicity affects root elongation and iron nutrition in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum durum L.). Plant Soil. 310:151–165. doi: 10.1007/s11104-008-9642-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittler R, Vanderauwera S, Gollery M, Van Breusegem F. 2004. Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Trends Plant Sci. 9:490–498. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.08.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muslu A, Ergün N. 2013. Effects of copper and chromium and high temperature on growth, proline and protein content in wheat seedlings. Bangladesh J Bot. 42:105–112. doi: 10.3329/bjb.v42i1.15871
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nussbaum S, Schmutz D, Brunold C. 1988. Regulation of assimilatory sulfate reduction by cadmium in Zea mays L. Plant Physiol. 88:1407–1410. doi: 10.1104/pp.88.4.1407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouzounidou G. 1995. Effect of copper on germination and seedling growth of Minuartia, Silene, Alyssum and Thlaspi. Biol Plant. 37:411–416. doi: 10.1007/BF02913990
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouzounidou G, Eleftheriou E, Karataglis S. 1992. Ecophysical and ultrastructural effects of copper in Thlaspi ochroleucum (Cruciferae). Can J Bot. 70:947–957. doi: 10.1139/b92-119
   Google Scholar
• Rehman SA, Iqbal MZ. 2006. Seed germination and seedling growth of trees in soil extracts from Korangi and Landhi industrial areas of Karachi, Pakistan. J New Seeds. 8:33–45. doi: 10.1300/J153v08n04_03
   Google Scholar
• Rehman F, Khan F, Varshney D, Naushin F, Rastogi J. 2011. Effect of cadmium on the growth of tomato. Biol Med. 3:187–190.
   Google Scholar
• Sethy SK, Ghosh S. 2013. Effect of heavy metals on germination of seeds. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 4:272. doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.116964
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shahid MA, Balal RM, Pervez MA, Abbas T, Aqeel MA, Javaid MM, Garcia-Sanchez F. 2014. Exogenous proline and proline-enriched Lolium perenne leaf extract protects against phytotoxic effects of nickel and salinity in Pisum sativum by altering polyamine metabolism in leaves. Turk J Bot. 38:914–926. doi: 10.3906/bot-1312-13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shar GQ, Kazi TG, Shah FA, Shar AH, Soomro FM. 2011. Variable uptake and accumulation of essential and heavy metals in maize (Zea mays L.) grains of six maize varieties. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 5:117–121.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma A, Singh G. 2013. Studies on the effect of Cu (II) ions on the antioxidant enzymes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars. Журнал стресс-физиологии ибиохимии. 9:5–13.
   Google Scholar
• Sheldon A, Menzies N. 2005. The effect of copper toxicity on the growth and root morphology of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Knuth.) in resin buffered solution culture. Plant Soil. 278:341–349. doi: 10.1007/s11104-005-8815-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh D, Nath K, Sharma YK. 2007. Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress. J Environ Biol. 28:409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonmez S, Kaplan M, Sonmez NK, Kaya H, Uz I. 2006. High level of copper application to soil and leaves reduce the growth and yield of tomato plants. Scientia Agricola. 63:213–218. doi: 10.1590/S0103-90162006000300001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Dickey DA. 1997. Principles and procedures of statistics: a biometrical approach. 3rd ed. New York (NY): McGraw Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Szabados L, Savouré A. 2010. Proline: a multifunctional amino acid. Trends Plant Sci. 15:89–97. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.11.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma JP, Singh V, Yadav J. 2011. Effect of copper sulphate on seed germination, plant growth and peroxidase activity of Mung bean (Vigna radiata). Int J Bot. 7:200–204. doi: 10.3923/ijb.2011.200.204
   Google Scholar
• Xu J, Yang L, Wang Z, Dong G, Huang J, Wang Y. 2006. Toxicity of copper on rice growth and accumulation of copper in rice grain in copper contaminated soil. Chemosphere. 62:602–607. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadav S. 2010. Heavy metals toxicity in plants: an overview on the role of glutathione and phytochelatins in heavy metal stress tolerance of plants. S Afr J Bot. 76:167–179. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2009.10.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Younas M, Shahzad F, Afzal S, Khan MI, Ali K. 1998. Assessment of Cd, Ni, Cu, and Pb pollution in Lahore, Pakistan. Environ Int. 24:761–766. doi: 10.1016/S0160-4120(98)00068-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yurekli F, Porgali ZB. 2006. The effects of excessive exposure to copper in bean plants. Acta Biol Cracov Ser Bot. 48:7–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zengin FK, Kirbag S. 2007. Effects of copper on chlorophyll, proline, protein and abscisic acid level of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings. J Environ Biol. 28:561–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar