4,527
Views
46
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Effect of animal-assisted therapy on the psychological and functional status of elderly populations and patients with psychiatric disorders: a meta-analysis

, , , &
Pages 197-221 | Received 20 May 2010, Accepted 22 Oct 2010, Published online: 11 Oct 2011

References

  • Akey , J.M. , Ruhe , A.L. , Akey , D.T. , Wong , A.K. , Connellya , C.F. , Madeoya , J. , Neff , M.V. 2010 . Tracking footprints of artificial selection in the dog genome . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 107 , 1160 – 1165 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.0909918107
  • Allen , K. , & Blascovich , J. 1996 . The value of service dogs for people with severe ambulatory disabilities: A randomized controlled trial . Journal of the American Medical Association , 275 , 1001 – 1006 . doi: 10.1001/jama.275.13.1001
  • Allen , K.M. , Blascovich , J. , Tomaka , J. , & Kelsey , R.M. 1991 . Presence of human friends and pet dogs as moderators of autonomic responses to stress in women . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 61 , 582 – 589 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.61.4.582
  • Allen , K. , Shykoff , B.E. and Izzo , J.L. Jr . 2001 . Pet ownership, but not ace inhibitor therapy, blunts home blood pressure responses to mental stress . Hypertension , 38 : 815 – 820 .
  • American Pet Products Association . 2009 . 2009/2010 APPA National Pet Owners Survey . Greenwich , CT : Author .
  • Anderson , W.P. , Reid , C.M. and Jennings , G.L. 1992 . Pet ownership and risk factors for cardiovascular disease . Medical Journal of Australia , 157 : 298 – 301 .
  • *Antonioli , C. , & Reveley , M.A. 2005 . Randomised controlled trial of animal facilitated therapy with dolphins in the treatment of depression . British Medical Journal , 331 , 1231 – 1234 . doi: 10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1231
  • *Banks , M.R. , & Banks , W.A. 2005 . The effects of group and individual animal-assisted therapy on loneliness in residents of long-term care facilities . Anthrozoös , 18 , 396 – 408 . doi: 10.2752/089279305785593983
  • *Banks , M.R. , Willoughby , L.M. , & Banks , W.A. 2008 . Animal-assisted therapy and loneliness in nursing homes: Use of robotic versus living dogs . Journal of the American Medical Directors Association , 9 , 173 – 177 . doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2007.11.007
  • *Barak , Y. , Savorai , O. , Mavashev , S. , & Beni , A. 2001 . Animal-assisted therapy for elderly schizophrenic patients: A one-year controlled trial . American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 9 , 439 – 442 . doi: 10.1176/appi.ajgp.9.4.439
  • Barker , S.B. , Rogers , C.S. , Turner , J.W. , Karpf , A.S. , & Suthers-Mccabe , H.M. 2003 . Benefits of interacting with companion animals: A bibliography of articles published in refereed journals during the past 5 years . American Behavioral Scientist , 47 , 94 – 99 . doi: 10.1177/0002764203255215
  • Becker , B.J. 1988 . Synthesizing standardized mean-change measures . British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology , 41 : 257 – 278 .
  • Berget , B. , Ekeberg , O. , & Braastad , B.O. 2008 . Animal-assisted therapy with farm animals for persons with psychiatric disorders: Effects on self-efficacy, coping ability and quality of life, a randomized controlled trial . Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health , 4 , 9 . doi: 10.1186/1745-0179-4-9 . Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2323374/pdf/1745-0179-4-9.pdf
  • *Bernstein , P.L. , Friedmann , E. , & Malaspina , A. 2000 . Animal-assisted therapy enhances resident social interaction and initiation in long-term care facilities . Anthrozoös , 13 , 213 – 224 . doi: 10.2752/089279300786999743
  • Burke , W.J. , Houston , M.J. , Boust , S.J. and Roccaforte , W.H. 1989 . Use of the geriatric depression scale in dementia of the Alzheimer type . Journal of the American Geristrics Society , 37 : 856 – 860 .
  • Cohen , S. , Gottlieb , B.H. , & Underwood , L.G. 2000 Social relationships and health . In L.G. Underwood & B.H. Gottlieb , Measuring and intervening in social support ( 3 – 25 ). New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Cohen-Mansfield , J. 2001 . Nonpharmacologic interventions for inappropriate behaviors in dementia: A review, summary, and critique . American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 9 , 361 – 381 . doi: 10.1176/appi.ajgp.9.4.361
  • *Colombo , G. , Dello Buono , M. , Smania , K. , Raviola , R. , & De Leo , D. 2006 . Pet therapy and institutionalized elderly: A study on 144 cognitively unimpaired subjects . Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics , 42 , 207 – 216 . doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2005.06.011
  • Corson , S.A. , Corson , E.O. , Gwynne , P.H. and Arnold , L.E. 1975 . Pet-facilitated psychotherapy in a hospital setting . Current Psychiatric Therapies , 15 : 277 – 286 .
  • *Crowley-Robinson , P. , Fenwick , D.C. , & Blackshaw , J.K. 1996 . A long-term study of elderly people in nursing homes with visiting and resident dogs . Applied Animal Behaviour Science , 47 , 137 – 148 . doi: 10.1016/0168-1591(95)01017-3
  • Downs , S.H. , & Black , N. 1998 . The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions . Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , 52 , 377 – 384 . doi: 10.1136/jech.52.6.377
  • Edwards , N.E. , & Beck , A.M. 2002 . Animal-assisted therapy and nutrition in Alzheimer's disease . Western Journal of Nursing Research , 24 , 697 – 712 . doi: 10.1177/019394502320555430
  • Egger , M. , Davey Smith , G. , Schneider , M. and Minder , C. 1997 . Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test . British Medical Journal , 315 : 629 – 634 .
  • Erickson , D.H. , Beiser , M. and Iacono , W.G. 1998 . Social support predicts 5-year outcome in first-episode schizophrenia . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 107 : 681 – 685 .
  • Filan , S.L. , & Llewellyn-Jones , R.H. 2006 . Animal-assisted therapy for dementia: A review of the literature . International Psychogeriatrics , 18 , 597 – 611 . doi: 10.1017/S1041610206003322
  • Fine , A.H. 2000 . Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice , 2nd ed. . San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
  • Friedmann , E. , Thomas , S.A. , Stein , P.K. , & Kleiger , R.E. 2003 . Relation between pet ownership and heart rate variability in patients with healed myocardial infarcts . American Journal of Cardiology , 91 , 718 – 721 . doi: 10.1016/S0002-9149(02)03412-4
  • Fung , H.H. , Carstensen , L.L. , & Lang , F.R. 2001 ). Age-related patterns in social networks among European-Americans and African-Americans: Implications for socioemotional selectivity across the life span . International Journal of Aging and Human Development , 52 , 185 – 206 .
  • Giaquinto , S. , & Valentini , F. 2009 . Is there a scientific basis for pet therapy? Disability and Rehabilitation , 31 , 595 – 598 . doi: 10.1080/09638280802190735
  • Hammen , C. 2005 . Stress and depression . Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , 1 , 293 – 319 . doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938
  • Headey , B. 1999 . Health benefits and health cost savings due to pets: Preliminary results from an Australian national survey . Social Indicators Research , 47 , 233 – 243 . doi: 10.1023/A:1006892908532
  • Hedges , L.V. and Olkin , I. 1985 . Statistical methods for meta-analysis , San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
  • Higgins , J.P. , & Thompson , S.G. 2002 . Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis . Statistics in Medicine , 21 , 1539 – 1558 . doi: 10.1002/sim.1186
  • *Holcomb , R. , Jendro , C. , Weber , B. , & Nahan , U. 1997 . Use of an aviary to relieve depression in elderly males . Anthrozoös , 10 , 32 – 36 . doi: 10.2752/089279397787001292
  • Holt-Lunstad , J. , Smith , T.B. , & Layton , J.B. 2010 . Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review . PLoS Medicine , 7 , e100316 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316
  • *Jessen , J. , Cardiello , F. and Baun , M.M. 1996 . Avian companionship in alleviation of depression, loneliness, and low morale of older adults in skilled rehabilitation units . Psychological Reports , 78 : 339 – 348 .
  • Kamarck , T.W. , Manuck , S.B. and Jennings , J.R. 1990 . Social support reduces cardiovascular reactivity to psychological challenge: A laboratory model . Psychosomatic Medicine , 52 : 42 – 58 .
  • *Kanamori , M. , Suzuki , M. , Yamamoto , K. , Kanda , M. , Matsui , Y. , Kojima , E. , & Oshiro , H. 2001 . A day care program and evaluation of animal-assisted therapy for the elderly with senile dementia . American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias , 16 , 234 – 239 . doi: 10.1177/153331750101600409
  • *Kawamura , N. , Niiyama , M. , & Niiyama , H. 2007 . Long-term evaluation of animal-assisted therapy for institutionalized elderly people: A preliminary result . Psychogeriatrics , 7 , 8 – 13 . doi: 10.1111/j.1479-8301.2006.00156.x
  • *Kongable , L.G. , Buckwalter , K.C. and Stolley , J.M. 1989 . The effects of pet therapy on the social behavior of institutionalized Alzheimer's clients . Archives of Psychiatric Nursing , 3 : 191 – 198 .
  • *Kovacs , Z. , Kis , R. , Rozsa , S. , & Rozsa , L. 2004 . Animal-assisted therapy for middle-aged schizophrenic patients living in a social institution: A pilot study . Clinical Rehabilitation , 18 , 483 – 486 . doi: 10.1191/0269215504cr765oa
  • *Marr , C.A. , French , L. , Thompson , D. , Drum , L. , Greening , G. , Mormon , J. , & Hughes , C.W. 2000 . Animal-assisted therapy in psychiatric rehabilitation . Anthrozoös , 13 , 43 – 47 . doi: 10.2752/089279300786999950
  • McNicholas , J. , & Collis , G.M. 2000 . Dogs as catalysts for social interactions: Robustness of the effect . British Journal of Psychology , 91 , 61 – 70 . doi: 10.1348/000712600161673
  • McNicholas , J. and Collis , G.M. 2006 . “ Animals as social supports: Insights for understanding animal-assisted therapy ” . In Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Fine , A.H. 49 – 72 . San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
  • McNicholas , J. , Gilbey , A. , Rennie , A. , Ahmedzai , S. , Dono , J.A. , & Ormerod , E. 2005 . Pet ownership and human health: A brief review of evidence and issues . British Medical Journal , 331 , 1252 – 1254 . doi: 10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1252
  • Moher , D. , Liberati , A. , Tetzlaff , J. , & Altman , D.G. 2009 . Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement . Annals of Internal Medicine , 151 , 264 – 269 .
  • Morris , S.B. 2008 . Estimating effect sizes from pretest-posttest-control group designs . Organizational Research Methods , 11 , 364 – 386 . doi: 10.1177/1094428106291059
  • Morris , S.B. , & DeShon , R.P. 2002 . Combining effect size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent-groups designs . Psychological Methods , 7 , 105 – 125 . doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.105
  • *Motomura , N. , Yagi , T. , & Ohyama , H. 2004 . Animal assisted therapy for people with dementia . Psychogeriatrics , 4 , 40 – 42 . doi: 10.1111/j.1479-8301.2004.00062.x
  • *Nathans-Barel , I. , Feldman , P. , Berger , B. , Modai , I. , & Silver , H. 2005 . Animal-assisted therapy ameliorates anhedonia in schizophrenia patients: A controlled pilot study . Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , 74 , 31 – 35 . doi: 10.1159/000082024
  • Nimer , J. , & Lundahl , B. 2007 . Animal-assisted therapy: A meta-analysis . Anthrozoös , 20 , 225 – 238 . doi: 10.2752/089279307X224773
  • Odendaal , J.S. 2000 . Animal-assisted therapy – magic or medicine? Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 49 , 275 – 280 . doi: 10.1016/S0022-3999(00)00183-5
  • Pachana , N.A. , Ford , J.H. , Andrew , B. , & Dobson , A.J. 2005 . Relations between companion animals and self-reported health in older women: Cause, effect or artifact? International Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 12 , 103 – 110 . doi: 10.1207/s15327558ijbm1202_8
  • *Perelle , I.B. , & Granville , D.A. 1993 . Assessment of the effectiveness of a pet facilitated therapy program in a nursing home setting . Society and Animals , 1 , 91 – 100 . doi: 10.1163/156853093X00172
  • Raina , P. , Waltner-Toews , D. , Bonnett , B. , Woodward , C. and Abernathy , T. 1999 . Influence of companion animals on the physical and psychological health of older people: An analysis of a one-year longitudinal study . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 47 : 323 – 329 .
  • *Richeson , N.E. 2003 . Effects of animal-assisted therapy on agitated behaviors and social interactions of older adults with dementia . American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias , 18 , 353 – 358 . doi: 10.1177/153331750301800610
  • *Riddick , C.C. 1985 . Health, aquariums and the non-institutionalized elderly . Marriage and Family Review , 8 , 163 – 173 . doi: 10.1300/J002v08n03_12
  • Rodriguez-Laso , A. , Zunzunegui , M.V. , & Otero , A. 2007 . The effect of social relationships on survival in elderly residents of a Southern European community: A cohort study . BMC Geriatrics , 7 19 . doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-7-19 . Retrieved from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2318-7-19.pdf
  • Salmon , P. 2001 . Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: A unifying theory . Clinical Psychology Review , 21 , 33 – 61 . doi: 10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00032-X
  • Serpell , J. 1991 . Beneficial effects of pet ownership on some aspects of human health and behaviour . Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine , 84 : 717 – 720 .
  • Shirom , A. , Melamed , S. , Berliner , S. , & Shapira , I. 2009 . Aroused versus calm positive affects as predictors of lipids . Health Psychology , 28 , 649 – 659 . doi: 10.1037/a0015988
  • Siegel , J.M. 1990 . Stressful life events and use of physician services among the elderly: The moderating role of pet ownership . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 58 , 1081 – 1086 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1081
  • Souter , M.A. , & Miller , M.D. 2007 . Do animal-assisted activities effectively treat depression? A meta-analysis . Anthrozoös , 20 , 167 – 180 . doi: 10.2752/175303707X207954
  • *Stasi , M.F. , Amati , D. , Costa , C. , Resta , D. , Senepa , G. , Scarafioiti , C. , & Molaschi , M. 2004 . Pet-therapy: A trial for institutionalized frail elderly patients . Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Supplement , 9 , 407 – 412 . doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2004.04.052
  • Thompson , S.G. , & Sharp , S.J. 1999 . Explaining heterogeneity in meta-analysis: A comparison of methods . Statistics in Medicine , 18 , 2693 – 2708 . doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19991030)18:20 <2693::AID-SIM235> 3.0.CO;2-V
  • Tuke , S. 1813 . Description of the retreat: An institution near York for insane persons of the Society of Friends, containing an account of its origin and progress, the modes of treatment, and a statement of cases , York : W. Alexander .
  • Uchino , B.N. , Carlisle , M. , Birmingham , W. , & Vaughn , A.A. in press . Social support and the reactivity hypothesis: Conceptual issues in examining the efficacy of received support during acute psychological stress . Biological Psychology . doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.04.003
  • Vilà , C. , Savolainen , P. , Maldonado , J.E. , Amorim , I.R. , Rice , J.E. , Honeycutt , R.L. , Wayne , R.K. 1997 . Multiple and ancient origins of the domestic dog . Science , 276 , 1687 – 1689 . doi: 10.1126/science.276.5319.1687
  • Virues-Ortega , J. , & Buela-Casal , G. 2006 . Psychophysiological effects of human-animal interaction: Theoretical issues and long-term interaction effects . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 194 , 52 – 57 . doi: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000195354.03653.63
  • Walsh , F. 2009 . Human-animal bonds I: The relational significance of companion animals . Family Process , 48 , 462 – 480 . doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2009.01296.x
  • Wildes , J.E. , Harkness , K.L. , & Simons , A.D. 2002 . Life events, number of social relationships, and twelve-month naturalistic course of major depression in a community sample of women . Depression & Anxiety , 16 , 104 – 113 . doi: 10.1002/da.10048
  • *Zisselman , M.H. , Rovner , B.W. , Shmuely , Y. and Ferrie , P. 1996 . A pet therapy intervention with geriatric psychiatry inpatients . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 50 : 47 – 51 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.