The effectiveness of psychological interventions for reducing poor body image in endometriosis, PCOS and other gynaecological conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

References

• Abdollahi, L., Mirghafourvand, M., Babapour, J. K., & Mohammadi, M. (2019). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in improving the quality of life and psychological fatigue in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 40(4), 283–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482x.2018.1502265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AIHW. (2021). Cancer data in Australia. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/cancer/cancer-data-in-australia/data?page = 8.
   Google Scholar
• Alleva, J. M., Sheeran, P., Webb, T. L., Martijn, C., & Miles, E. (2015). A meta-analytic review of stand-alone interventions to improve body image. PloS one, 10(9), e0139177–e0139177. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alur-Gupta, S., Chemerinski, A., Liu, C., Lipson, J., Allison, K., Sammel, M. D., & Dokras, A. (2019). Body-image distress is increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and mediates depression and anxiety. Fertility and Sterility, 112(5), 930–938.e931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.06.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, R. M., Kenter, G. G., Creutzberg, C. L., Stiggelbout, A. M., Derks, M., Mingelen, W., Kroon, C. D., Vermeer, W. M., & ter Kuile, M. M. (2017). Sexual distress and associated factors among cervical cancer survivors: A cross-sectional multicenter observational study. Psycho-Oncology, 26(10), 1470–1477. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barak, A., Klein, B., & Proudfoot, J. G. (2009). Defining internet-supported therapeutic interventions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 38(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9130-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlow, M. R., Goldsmith Turow, R. E., & Gerhart, J. (2017). Trauma appraisals, emotion regulation difficulties, and self-compassion predict posttraumatic stress symptoms following childhood abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 65(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bazarganipour, F., Ziaei, S., Montazeri, A., Foroozanfard, F., Kazemnejad, A., & Faghihzadeh, S. (2013b). Predictive factors of health-related quality of life in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A structural equation modeling approach. Fertility and Sterility, 100(5), 1389–1396. e1383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.06.043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazarganipour, F., Ziaei, S., Montazeri, A., Foroozanfard, F., Zazemnejad, A., & Faghihzadeh, S. c. (2013a). Body image satisfaction and self-esteem status among the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 11(10), 829–836. PMID: 24639704.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bos-Branolte, G., Zielstra, E. M., Rijshouwer, Y. M., & Duivenvoorden, H. J. (1988). Psychotherapy in patients cured of gynecological cancers. Supportive Care in Cancer, 108, 277–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82932-1_33
   Google Scholar
• Bozdag, G., Mumusoglu, S., Zengin, D., Karabulut, E., & Yildiz, B. O. (2016). The prevalence and phenotypic features of polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction, 31(12), 2841–2855. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dew218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, T. D., Park, C. L., & Gorin, A. (2016). Self-compassion, body image, and disordered eating: A review of the literature. Body Image, 17, 117–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capone, M. A., Good, R. S., Westie, K. S., & Jacobson, A. F. (1980). Psychosocial rehabilitation of gynecologic oncology patients. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 61(3), 128–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cash, T. F. (2012). Cognitive-behavioral perspectives on body image. In T. F. Cash (Ed.), Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance (pp. 334–342). Elsevier Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cash, T. F., & Fleming, E. C. (2002). Body image and social relations. In T. F. Cash, & T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), Body image: A handbook of theory, research and clinical practice (pp. 277–286). Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cash, T. F., Maikkula, C. L., & Yamamiya, Y. (2004). “Baring the body in the bedroom”: Body image, sexual self-schemas, and sexual functioning among college women and men. Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality, 7, 1–9. http://www.ejhs.org/volume7/bodyimage.html
   Google Scholar
• Chisari, C., McCracken, L. M., Cruciani, F., Moss-Morris, R., & Scott, W. (2022). Acceptance and commitment therapy for women living with vulvodynia: A single-case experimental design study of a treatment delivered online. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 23, 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chisari, C., Monajemi, M. B., Scott, W., Moss-Morris, R., & McCracken, L. M. (2021). Psychosocial factors associated with pain and sexual function in women with vulvodynia: A systematic review. European Journal of Pain, 25(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, S. W., & Lam, D. M. H. (2016). Funnels for publication bias – have we lost the plot? Anaesthesia, 71(3), 338–341. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.13355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow, K. M., Chan, C. W. H., & Law, B. M. H. (2021). Perceptions of Chinese patients treated for gynaecological cancer about sexual health and sexual information provided by healthcare professionals: A qualitative study. Cancers, 13(7), 1654. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooney, L., Milman, L. W., Sammel, M., Allison, K., Epperson, C., & Dokras, A. (2016). Cognitive behavioral therapy improves weight loss and quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Fertility and Sterility, 106(Supplement 3), e252–e253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.729
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooney, L. G., Lee, I., Sammel, M. D., & Dokras, A. (2017). High prevalence of moderate and severe depressive and anxiety symptoms in polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction, 32(5), 1075–1091. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dex044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooney, L. G., Milman, L. W., Hantsoo, L., Kornfield, S., Sammel, M. D., Allison, K. C., Epperson, C. N., & Dokras, A. (2018). Cognitive-behavioral therapy improves weight loss and quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A pilot randomized clinical trial. Fertility and Sterility, 110(1), 161–171. e161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.03.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crespi, C. M., Ganz, P. A., Petersen, L., Castillo, A., & Caan, B. (2008). Refinement and psychometric evaluation of the impact of cancer scale. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 100(21), 1530–1541. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn340
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cronin, L., Guyatt, G., Griffith, L., Wong, E., Azziz, R., Futterweit, W., Cook, D., & Dunaif, A. (1998). Development of a health-related quality-of-life questionnaire (PCOSQ) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 83(6), 1976–1987. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.6.4990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cyr, M.-P., Dostie, R., Camden, C., Dumoulin, C., Bessette, P., Pina, A., Gotlieb, W. H., Lapointe-Milot, K., Mayrand, M.-H., & Morin, M. (2022). Improvements following multimodal pelvic floor physical therapy in gynecological cancer survivors suffering from pain during sexual intercourse: Results from a one-year follow-up mixed-method study. PloS one, 17(1), e0262844. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cyr, M.-P., Dumoulin, C., Bessette, P., Pina, A., Gotlieb, W. H., Lapointe-Milot, K., Mayrand, M.-H., & Morin, M. (2021). A prospective single-arm study evaluating the effects of a multimodal physical therapy intervention on psychosexual outcomes in women with dyspareunia after gynecologic cancer. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 18(5), 946–954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.02.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David, D., & Montgomery, G. H. (2011). The scientific status of psychotherapies: A new evaluative framework for evidence-based psychosocial interventions. Clinical Psychology, 18(2), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.2011.01239.x
   Google Scholar
• Deeks, J. J., Higgins, J. P., & Altman, D. G. (2019). Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, 241–284. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119536604.ch10
   Google Scholar
• De Frène, V., Verhofstadt, L., Lammertyn, J., Stuyver, I., Buysse, A., & De Sutter, P. (2015). Quality of life and body mass index in overweight adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome during a lifestyle modification program. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecological and Neonatal Nursing, 44(5), 587–599. https://doi.org/10.1111/1552-6909.12739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dempsey, C. (2022). Development and evaluation of an online mindfulness-based intervention for people living with endometriosis and/or adenomyosis ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
   Google Scholar
• De Niet, J. E., de Koning, C. M., Pastoor, H., Duivenvoorden, H. J., Valkenburg, O., Ramakers, M. J., Passchier, J., de Klerk, C., & Laven, J. S. E. (2010). Psychological well-being and sexarche in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Human Reproduction, 25(6), 1497–1503. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deq068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dessole, M., Petrillo, M., Lucidi, A., Naldini, A., Rossi, M., De Iaco, P., Marnitz, S., Sehouli, J., Scambia, G., & Chiantera, V. (2018). Quality of life in women after pelvic exenteration for gynecological malignancies: A multicentric study. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 28(2), 267–273. https://doi.org/10.1097/IGC.0000000000000612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eldridge, S. M., Chan, C. L., Campbell, M. J., Bond, C. M., Hopewell, S., Thabane, L., & Lancaster, G. A. (2016). CONSORT 2010 statement: Extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials. British Medical Journal, 355, i5239. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i5239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, S., Fernandez, S., Olive, L., Payne, L. A., & Mikocka-Walus, A. (2019). Psychological and mind-body interventions for endometriosis: A systematic review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 124, 109756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Facchin, F., Barbara, G., Dridi, D., Alberico, D., Buggio, L., Somigliana, E., Saita, E., & Vercellini, P. (2017). Mental health in women with endometriosis: Searching for predictors of psychological distress. Human Reproduction, 32(9), 1855–1861. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dex249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Facchin, F., Saita, E., Barbara, G., Dridi, D., & Vercellini, P. (2018). Free butterflies will come out of these deep wounds": A grounded theory of how endometriosis affects women’s psychological health. Journal of Health Psychology, 23(4), 538–549. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316688952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farkas, J., Rigó, A., & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Psychological aspects of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecological Endocrinology, 30(2), 95–99. https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2013.852530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fingeret, M. C. (2010). Body image and disfigurement. In M. Andersen (Ed.), Manual of psychosocial oncology (pp. 271–288). McGraw Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Fingeret, M. C., Teo, I., & Epner, D. E. (2014). Managing body image difficulties of adult cancer patients: Lessons from available research. Cancer, 120(1), 633–641. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.28469
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fischer, O. J., Marguerie, M., & Brotto, L. A. (2019). Sexual function, quality of life, and experiences of women with ovarian cancer: A mixed-methods study. Sexual Medicine, 7(4), 530–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2019.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frangou, E., Bertelli, G., Love, S., Mackean, M. J., Glasspool, R. M., Fotopoulou, C., Cook, A., Nicum, S., Lord, R., Ferguson, M., Roux, R. L., Martinez, M., Butcher, C., Hulbert-Williams, N., Howells, L., & Blagden, S. P. (2019). OVPSYCH2: A randomized controlled trial of psychological support versus standard of care following chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Gynecologic Oncology, 162(2), 431–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.05.024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T.-A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women’s lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(2), 173–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghant, M. S., Sengoba, K. S., Recht, H., Cameron, K. A., Lawson, A. K., & Marsh, E. E. (2015). Beyond the physical: A qualitative assessment of the burden of symptomatic uterine fibroids on women’s emotional and psychosocial health. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 78(5), 499–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.12.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacomoni, C., Venturini, E., Hoarau, H., Guyon, F., & Conri, V. (2014). How women with gynaecological cancer deal with treatment: Issues of visibility and invisibility. Gynécologie Obstétrique and Fertilité, 42(11), 795–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2014.09.013
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giese-Davis, J., Koopman, C., Butler, L. D., Classen, C., Cordova, M., Fobair, P., Benson, J., Kraemer, H. C., & Spiegel, D. (2002). Change in emotion-regulation strategy for women with metastatic breast cancer following supportive-expressive group therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(4), 916–925. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.70.4.916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, E., Ussher, J. M., & Perz, J. (2011). Sexuality after gynaecological cancer: A review of the material, intrapsychic, and discursive aspects of treatment on women’s sexual-wellbeing. Maturitas, 70(1), 42–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.06.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Matos, M., & Rivis, A. (2011). Fears of compassion: Development of three self-report measures. Psychology and Psychotherapy, 84(3), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1348/147608310X526511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13(6), 353–379. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.507
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez-Campelo, P., Bragado-Álvarez, C., & Hernández-Lloreda, M. J. (2014). Psychological distress in women with breast and gynecological cancer treated with radical surgery. Psycho-Oncology, 23(4), 459–466. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves, A. V., Barros, N. F., & Bahamondes, L. (2017). The practice of hatha yoga for the treatment of pain associated with endometriosis. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 23(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Echevarría, A. M., Rosario, E., Acevedo, S., & Flores, I. (2019). Impact of coping strategies on quality of life of adolescents and young women with endometriosis. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics Gynaecology, 40(2), 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482x.2018.1450384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood, E. A., Pasch, L. A., Cedars, M. I., & Huddleston, H. G. (2020). Obesity and depression are risk factors for future eating disorder-related attitudes and behaviors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and Sterility, 113(5), 1039–1049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.01.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greimel, E., Bottomley, A., Cull, A., Waldenstrom, A.-C., Arraras, J., Chauvenet, L., Holzner, B., Kuljanic, K., Lebrec, J., & D’haese, S. (2003). An international field study of the reliability and validity of a disease-specific questionnaire module (the QLQ-OV28) in assessing the quality of life of patients with ovarian cancer. European Journal of Cancer, 39(10), 1402–1408. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(03)00307-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haggerty, A. F., Hagemann, A., Barnett, M., Thornquist, M., Neuhouser, M. L., Horowitz, N., Colditz, G. A., Sarwer, D. B., Ko, E. M., & Allison, K. C. (2017). A randomized, controlled, multicenter study of technology-based weight loss interventions among endometrial cancer survivors. Obesity, 25(S2), S102–S108. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22021
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hansen, K. E., Kesmodel, U. S., Kold, M., & Forman, A. (2017). Long-term effects of mindfulness-based psychological intervention for coping with pain in endometriosis: A six-year follow-up on a pilot study. Nordic Psychology, 69(2), 100–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2016.1181562
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawighorst-Knapstein, S., Fusshoeller, C., Franz, C., Trautmann, K., Schmidt, M., Pilch, H., Schoenefuss, G., Georg Knapstein, P., Koelbl, H., Kelleher, D. K., & Vaupel, P. (2004). The impact of treatment for genital cancer on quality of life and body image—results of a prospective longitudinal 10-year study. Gynecologic Oncology, 94(2), 398–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.04.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hersch, J., Juraskova, I., Price, M., & Mullan, B. (2009). Psychosocial interventions and quality of life in gynaecological cancer patients: A systematic review. Psycho-Oncology, 18(8), 795–810. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94(3), 319. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, J. P., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. British Medical Journal, 327(7414), 557–560. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himelein, M. J., & Thatcher, S. S. (2006). Depression and body image among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Health Psychology, 11(4), 613–625. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105306065021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopewell, S., McDonald, S., Clarke, M., & Egger, M. (2007). Grey literature in meta-analyses of randomized trials of health care interventions. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2007(2), Mr000010. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.MR000010.pub3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hopwood, P., Fletcher, I., Lee, A., & Al Ghazal, S. (2001). A body image scale for use with cancer patients. European Journal of Cancer, 37(2), 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8049(00)00353-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarry, J., & Cash, T. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral approaches to body image change. In T. F. Cash & L. Smolak (Eds.), Body image: A handbook of science, practice, and prevention (pp. 415–423). Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jayde, V., Boughton, M., & Blomfield, P. (2013). The experience of chemotherapy-induced alopecia for Australian women with ovarian cancer. European Journal of Cancer Care, 22(4), 503–512. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiskoot, G., Dietz de Loos, A., Beerthuizen, A., Timman, R., Busschbach, J., & Laven, J. (2020). Long-term effects of a three-component lifestyle intervention on emotional well-being in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. PloS one, 15(6), e0233876. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, G., Kennedy, S., Barnard, A., Wong, J., & Jenkinson, C. (2001). Development of an endometriosis quality-of-life instrument: The endometriosis health profile-30. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 98(2), 258–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0029-7844(01)01433-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, G., Jenkinson, C., & Kennedy, S. (2004). The impact of endometriosis upon quality of life: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 25(2), 123–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/01674820400002279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaczmarek, C., Haller, D. M., & Yaron, M. (2016). Health-related quality of life in adolescents and young adults with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 29(6), 551–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2016.05.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keegan, A., Liao, L.-M., & Boyle, M. (2003). ‘Hirsutism’: A psychological analysis. Journal of Health Psychology, 8(3), 327–345. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053030083004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, M.-K., Sim, J. A., Yun, Y. H., Bae, D.-S., Nam, J. H., Park, C. T., Cho, C.-H., Lee, J.-M., & Park, S. Y. (2016). Health-related quality of life and sociodemographic characteristics as prognostic indicators of long-term survival in disease-free cervical cancer survivors. International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer, 26(4), 743–749. https://doi.org/10.1097/IGC.0000000000000665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitzinger, C., & Willmott, J. (2002). ‘The thief of womanhood’: Women’s experience of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Social Science and Medicine, 54(3), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00034-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kogure, G. S., Ribeiro, V. B., Lopes, I. P., Furtado, C. L. M., Kodato, S., Silva de Sá, M. F., Ferriani, R. A., Lara, L. A. d. S., & Maria dos Reis, R. (2019). Body image and its relationships with sexual functioning, anxiety, and depression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Affective Disorders, 253, 385–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kold, M., Hansen, T., Vedsted-Hansen, H., & Forman, A. (2012). Mindfulness-based psychological intervention for coping with pain in endometriosis. Nordic Psychology, 64(1), 2–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2012.693727
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laganà, A. S., Condemi, I., Retto, G., Muscatello, M. R. A., Bruno, A., Zoccali, R. A., Triolo, O., & Cedro, C. (2015). Analysis of psychopathological comorbidity behind the common symptoms and signs of endometriosis. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 194, 30–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.08.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Rosa, V. L., Barra, F., Chiofalo, B., Platania, A., Di Guardo, F., Conway, F., Di Angelo Antonio, S., & Lin, L.-T. (2020). An overview on the relationship between endometriosis and infertility: The impact on sexuality and psychological well-being. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 41(2), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2019.1659775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, E. G., & Silver, B. (2007). A pilot study: Evaluation of a psychosocial program for women with gynecological cancers. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 25(3), 75–98. https://doi.org/10.1300/J077v25n03_05
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis-Smith, H., Diedrichs, P. C., Rumsey, N., & Harcourt, D. (2016). A systematic review of interventions on body image and disordered eating outcomes among women in midlife. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 49(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis-Smith, H., Diedrichs, P. C., Rumsey, N., & Harcourt, D. (2018). Efficacy of psychosocial and physical activity-based interventions to improve body image among women treated for breast cancer: A systematic review [review]. Psycho-Oncology, 27(12), 2687–2699. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littleton, H. L., Axsom, D., & Pury, C. L. S. (2005). Development of the body image concern inventory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(2), 229–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2003.12.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logue, C. A., Pugh, J., & Jayson, G. (2020). Psychosexual morbidity in women with ovarian cancer. International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer, 30(12), 1983–1989. https://doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2020-002001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopes, A. C., Bacalhau, R., Santos, M., Pereira, M., & Pereira, M. G. (2019). Contribution of sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological variables to quality of life in women with cervical cancer in the follow-up phase. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-019-09644-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lowder, J., & Oliphant, S. (2012). Gynecologic conditions and body image: A lifetime perspective. In T. F. Cash (Ed.), Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance (pp. 468–474). Elsevier Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Lundgren, J. D., Anderson, D. A., & Thompson, J. K. (2004). Fear of negative appearance evaluation: Development and evaluation of a new construct for risk factor work in the field of eating disorders. Eating Behaviors, 5(1), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1471-0153(03)00055-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maguire, R., Kotronoulas, G., Simpson, M., & Paterson, C. (2014). A systematic review of the supportive care needs of women living with and beyond cervical cancer. Gynecologic Oncology, 136(3), 478–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.10.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maillé, D. L., Bergeron, S., & Lambert, B. (2015). Body image in women with primary and secondary provoked vestibulodynia: A controlled study. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(2), 505–515. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mani, H., Chudasama, Y., Hadjiconstantinou, M., Bodicoat, D. H., Edwardson, C., Levy, M. J., Gray, L. J., Barnett, J., Daly, H., Howlett, T. A., Khunti, K., & Davies, M. J. (2018). Structured education programme for women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomised controlled trial. Endocrine Connect, 7(1), 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh, E. E., & Laufer, M. R. (2005). Endometriosis in premenarcheal girls who do not have an associated obstructive anomaly. Fertility and Sterility, 83(3), 758–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.08.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mavropoulos, J. C., Yancy, W. S., Hepburn, J., & Westman, E. C. (2005). The effects of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on the polycystic ovary syndrome: A pilot study. Nutrition and Metabolism, 2(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-2-35
   Google Scholar
• Melis, I., Litta, P., Nappi, L., Agus, M., Melis, G. B., & Angioni, S. (2015). Sexual function in women with deep endometriosis: Correlation with quality of life, intensity of pain, depression, anxiety, and body image. International Journal of Sexual Health, 27(2), 175–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2014.952394
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metwally, H. M. S., & Desoky, M. M. A. M. (2018). Improving quality of life among women with endometriosis: An intervention study. American Journal of Nursing, 6(6), 668–678. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajnr-6-6-38
   Google Scholar
• Mifsud, A., Pehlivan, M. J., Fam, P., O’Grady, M., van Steensel, A., Elder, E., Gilchrist, J., & Sherman, K. A. (2021). Feasibility and pilot study of a brief self-compassion intervention addressing body image distress in breast cancer survivors. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 9(1), 498–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2021.1929236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moeller, L. V., Lindhardt, C. L., Andersen, M. S., Glintborg, D., & Ravn, P. (2019). Motivational interviewing in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome - a pilot study. Gynecological Endocrinology, 35(1), 76–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2018.1498832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moher, D., Hopewell, S., Schulz, K. F., Montori, V., Gotzsche, P. C., Devereaux, P. J., Elbourne, D., Egger, M., & Altman, D. G. (2012). CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. International Journal of Surgery, 10(1), 28–55. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moradi, F., Ghadiri-Anari, A., Dehghani, A., Reza Vaziri, S., & Enjezab, B. (2020). The effectiveness of counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy on body image and self-esteem in polycystic ovary syndrome: An RCT. International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine, 18(4), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v13i4.6887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moradi, M., Parker, M., Sneddon, A., Lopez, V., & Ellwood, D. (2014). Impact of endometriosis on women’s lives: A qualitative study. Women's Health, 14, 123. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-14-123
   Google Scholar
• Muzzatti, B., & Annunziata, M. A. (2017). Body image assessment in oncology: An update review. Supportive Care in Cancer, 25(3), 1019–1029. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-016-3538-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naumann, E., Tuschen-Caffier, B., Voderholzer, U., Schäfer, J., & Svaldi, J. (2016). Effects of emotional acceptance and rumination on media-induced body dissatisfaction in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 82(1), 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.07.021
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neff, K. D. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nidhi, R., Padmalatha, V., Nagarathna, R., & Amritanshu, R. (2013). Effect of yoga program on quality of life in adolescent polycystic ovarian syndrome: A randomized control trial. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 8(3), 373–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-012-9191-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Hara, R., Rowe, H., & Fisher, J. (2020). Managing endometriosis: A cross-sectional survey of women in Australia. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2020.1825374
   Google Scholar
• Olesen, M. L., Duun-Henriksen, A.-K., Hansson, H., Ottesen, B., Andersen, K. K., & Zoffmann, V. (2016). A person-centered intervention targeting the psychosocial needs of gynecological cancer survivors: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 10(5), 832–841. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-016-0528-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … McKenzie, J. E. (2021). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. British Medical Journal, 372, n160. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pastore, L. M., Patrie, J. T., Morris, W. L., Dalal, P., & Bray, M. J. (2011). Depression symptoms and body dissatisfaction association among polycystic ovary syndrome women. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 71(4), 270–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perski, O., & Short, C. E. (2021). Acceptability of digital health interventions: Embracing the complexity. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 11(7), 1473–1480. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibab048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfister, G., & Rømer, K. (2017). “It’s not very feminine to have a mustache”: Experiences of Danish women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Health Care for Women International, 38(2), 167–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2016.1236108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinar, G., Okdem, S., Dogan, N., Buyukgonenc, L., & Ayhan, A. (2012). The effects of hysterectomy on body image, self-esteem, and marital adjustment in Turkish women with gynecologic cancer. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 16(3), E99–E104. https://doi.org/10.1188/12.cjon.e99-e104
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Plotti, F., Sansone, M., Di Donato, V., Antonelli, E., Altavilla, T., Angioli, R., & Panici, P. B. (2011). Quality of life and sexual function after type c2/type III radical hysterectomy for locally advanced cervical cancer: A prospective study. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8(3), 894–904. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02133.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prefit, A. B., Cândea, D.-M., & Szentagotai-Tătar, A. (2020). Effects of acceptance and reappraisal on body dissatisfaction: An experimental comparison of two adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Eating and Weight Disorders, 25(3), 803–809. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00691-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Publications, A. P. A. & Communications Board Working Group on Journal Article Reporting, S. (2008). Reporting standards for research in psychology: Why do we need them? What might they be? The American Psychologist, 63(9), 839–851. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.9.839
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qin, H., Lin, Z., Vásquez, E., & Xu, L. (2019). The association between chronic psychological stress and uterine fibroids risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Stress and Health, 35(5), 585–594. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravins, I., Joseph, G., & Tene, L. (2023). The effect of practicing “endometriosis yoga” on stress and quality of life for women with endometriosis: AB design pilot study. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 29, 3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed, B. D., Harlow, S. D., Sen, A., Legocki, L. J., Edwards, R. M., Arato, N., & Haefner, H. K. (2012). Prevalence and demographic characteristics of vulvodynia in a population-based sample. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 206(2), 170.e171–170.e1709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2011.08.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reis, N., Beji, N. K., & Coskun, A. (2010). Quality of life and sexual functioning in gynecological cancer patients: Results from quantitative and qualitative data. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 14(2), 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2009.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rush, G., & Misajon, R. (2018). Examining subjective wellbeing and health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis. Health Care Women International, 39(3), 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2017.1397671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacerdoti, R. C., Laganà, L., & Koopman, C. (2010). Altered sexuality and body image after gynecological cancer treatment: How can psychologists help? Professional Psychology, 41(6), 533. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021428
   Google Scholar
• Saei Ghare Naz, M., Ramezani Tehrani, F., Ahmadi, F., Alavi Majd, H., & Ozgoli, G. (2019). Threats to feminine identity as the main concern of Iranian adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome: A qualitative study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 49, e42–e47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2019.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayed, H. A. E., & Aboud, S. A. H. H. (2018). Effect of an educational intervention on quality of life and sexual function in women with endometriosis. International Journal of Studies in Nursing, 3(2), 127. https://doi.org/10.20849/ijsn.v3i2.452
   Google Scholar
• Sayer-Jones, K., & Sherman, K. A. (2021). Body image concerns in individuals diagnosed with benign gynaecological conditions: Scoping review and meta-synthesis. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 9(1), 456–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2021.1920949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., & Moher, D. (2010). CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. Trials, 11(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-8-18
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sekhon, M., Cartwright, M., & Francis, J. J. (2017). Acceptability of healthcare interventions: An overview of reviews and development of a theoretical framework. BioMedicine Central Health Services Research, 17(1), 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2031-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shafrir, A. L., Farland, L. V., Shah, D. K., Harris, H. R., Kvaskoff, M., Zondervan, K., & Missmer, S. A. (2018). Risk for and consequences of endometriosis: A critical epidemiologic review. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 51, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman, K. A., Przezdziecki, A., Alcorso, J., Kilby, C. J., Elder, E., Boyages, J., Koelmeyer, L., & Mackie, H. (2018). Reducing body image-related distress in women with breast cancer using a structured online writing exercise: Results from the My Changed Body randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 36(19), 1930–1940. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.76.3318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmonds, M. (2015). 2015/03/11). Quantifying the risk of error when interpreting funnel plots. Systematic Reviews, 4(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-015-0004-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soucie, K., Samardzic, T., Schramer, K., Salam, Z., & Ly, C. (2019). Body-and symptom-related concerns in women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome: A gap in symptom management. Journal of Health Psychology, 24(1), 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105319840696
   Google Scholar
• Stafford, L., & Judd, F. (2011). Long-term quality of life in Australian women previously diagnosed with gynaecologic cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer, 19(12), 2047–2056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-010-1064-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefanaki, C., Bacopoulou, F., Livadas, S., Kandaraki, A., Karachalios, A., Chrousos, G. P., & Diamanti-Kandarakis, E. (2015). Impact of a mindfulness stress management program on stress, anxiety, depression and quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Stress, 18(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2014.974030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterne, J. A., Hernán, M. A., Reeves, B. C., Savović, J., Berkman, N. D., Viswanathan, M., Henry, D., Altman, D. G., Ansari, M. T., & Boutron, I. (2016). ROBINS-I: A tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. British Medical Journal, 355. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4919
   Google Scholar
• Sterne, J. A., Savović, J., Page, M. J., Elbers, R. G., Blencowe, N. S., Boutron, I., Cates, C. J., Cheng, H.-Y., Corbett, M. S., & Eldridge, S. M. (2019). Rob 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. British Medical Journal, 366. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4898
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, E. A., Cookson, C. L., Gandolfo, R. A., & Schulze-Rath, R. (2017). Epidemiology of uterine fibroids: A systematic review. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 124(10), 1501–1512. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.14640
   Google Scholar
• Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71(3), 209–249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, J., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance. American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Turk, F., & Waller, G. (2020, July 01). Is self-compassion relevant to the pathology and treatment of eating and body image concerns? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 79, 101856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Niekerk, L., Johnstone, L., & Matthewson, M. (2021b). Predictors of self-compassion in endometriosis: The role of psychological health and endometriosis symptom burden. Human Reproduction, 264–273. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab257
   Google Scholar
• Van Niekerk, L., Weaver-Pirie, B., & Matthewson, M. (2019). Psychological interventions for endometriosis-related symptoms: A systematic review with narrative data synthesis. Archives of Womens Mental Health, 22(6), 723–735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-019-00972-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Niekerk, L. M., Bromfield, H., & Matthewson, M. (2021a). Physical and psychological correlates of self and body compassion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Health Psychology, 2566–2580. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053211059390
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watts, S., Prescott, P., Mason, J., McLeod, N., & Lewith, G. (2015). Depression and anxiety in ovarian cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence rates. British Medical Journal, 5, 11. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007618
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, C. A. (2000). Body image dimensions and cancer: A heuristic cognitive behavioural model. Psycho-Oncology, 9(3), 183–192. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1611(200005/06)9:3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, S., Sheffield, D., & Knibb, R. C. (2015). ‘Everything’s from the inside out with PCOS’: Exploring women’s experiences of living with polycystic ovary syndrome and co-morbidities through Skype™ interviews. Health Psychology Open, 2(2), 2055102915603051–2055102915603051 . https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102915603051
   Google Scholar
• Yalom, I. D., & Leszcz, M. (2020). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy. Hachette UK.
   Google Scholar