Youth online political expression in non-political spaces: implications for civic education

References

• Alexa.com. 2017. “Web Traffic Statistics.” http://www.alexa.com.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, D. S., & Light, J.S., Eds. 2015. From Voice to Influence: Understanding Citizenship in a Digital Age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Alvermann, D. E. 2008. “Why Bother Theorizing Adolescents’  Online Literacies for Classroom Practice and Research?” Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy 52 (1): 8–19. doi: 10.1598/JAAL.52.1.2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astuto, J., and M. D. Ruck. 2010. “Early Childhood as a Foundation for Civic Engagement.” In Handbook of Research on Civic Engagement in Youth, edited by L. R. Sherrod, C. A. Flanagan, and J. Torney-Purta, 249–276. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Banaji, S., and D. Buckingham. 2010. “Young People, the Internet, and Civic Participation: An Overview of key Findings From the CivicWeb Project.” International Journal of Learning and Media 2 (1): 15–24. doi: 10.1162/ijlm_a_00038
   Google Scholar
• Barberá, P., J.T. Jost, J. Nagler, J.A. Tucker, R. Bonneau, et al. 2015. “Tweeting From Left to Right: Is Online Political Communication More Than an Echo Chamber?” Psychological Science 26 (10): 1531–1542. doi: 10.1177/0956797615594620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. L. 2008. Civic Life Online: Learning How Digital Media can Engage Youth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/MacArthur Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. L., D. Freelon, and C. Wells. 2010. “Changing Citizen Identity and the Rise of a Participatory Media Culture.” In Handbook of Research on Civic Engagement in Youth, edited by L. R. Sherrod, Flanagan C.A, and J. Torney-Purta, 123–152. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. L., C. Wells, and A. Rank. 2009. “Young Citizens and Civic Learning: Two Paradigms of Citizenship in the Digital age.” Citizenship Studies 13 (2): 105–120. doi: 10.1080/13621020902731116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bladt, J. 2017, March 13. Young Americans Disapprove of Trump at Unprecedented Levels. TMI Strategy. https://blog.tmistrategy.org/report-young-americans-disapprove-of-trump-at-unprecedented-levels-f25e5b90e82
   Google Scholar
• boyd, d. 2017. Learning all the Wrong Things. Keynote lecture presented at the digital media & learning conference, Irvine, CA, 2017. https://dml2017.dmlhub.net/live/
   Google Scholar
• Centrumlumina. 2013. “AO3 Census.” http://centrumlumina.tumblr.com/post/63208278796/ao3-census-masterpost
   Google Scholar
• CIRCLE (Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning and Engagement). 2016. “The 2016 Youth Vote.” http://civicyouth.org/quick-facts/youth-voting/.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, C. J. & Kahne, J. (2012). Participatory Politics: New Media and Youth Political Action. MacArthur Foundation. https://ypp.dmlcentral.net/sites/default/files/publications/Participatory_Politics_Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Dewey, J. 1927. The Public and its Problems. New York: H. Holt & Co.
   Google Scholar
• Eliasoph, N. 1998. Avoiding Politics: How Americans Produce Apathy in Everyday Life. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Glaser, B. G., and A. L. Strauss. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago, IL: Aldine Publishing Co.
   Google Scholar
• Hayat, T., and T. Samuel-Azran. 2017. ““You too, Second Screeners?” Second Screeners’ Echo Chambers During the 2016 U.S. Elections Primaries.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 61 (2): 291–308. doi: 10.1080/08838151.2017.1309417
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito, M., et al. 2009. Hanging out, Messing Around and Geeking Out: Kids Living and Learning with new Media. Cambridge: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ito, M., C. Martin, R.C. Pfister, M. Rafalow, K. Salen, and A. Wortman. 2018. Affinity Online: How Connection and Shared Interest Fuel Learning. New York: NYU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ito, M., E. Soep, N. Kligler-Vilenchik, S. Shresthova, L. Gamber-Thompson, and A. Zimmerman. 2015. “Learning Connected Civics: Narratives, Practices, Infrastructures.” Curriculum Inquiry 45 (1): 10–29. doi: 10.1080/03626784.2014.995063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins, H., R. Purushotma, K. Clinton, M. Weigel, and A. J. Robinson. 2006. Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century. Chicago: The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins, H., S. Shresthova, L. Gamber-Thompson, N. Kligler-Vilenchik, and A. Zimmerman. 2016. By any Media Necessary: The new Youth Activism. New York: NYU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kahne, J., and B. Bowyer. 2017. “Educating for Democracy in a Partisan age: Confronting the Challenges of Motivated Reasoning and Misinformation.” American Educational Research Journal 54 (1): 3–34. doi: 10.3102/0002831216679817
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahne, J., N.-J. Lee, and J. Feezell. 2013. “The Civic and Political Significance of Online Participatory Cultures among Youth Transitioning to Adulthood.” Journal of Information Technology & Politics 10 (1): 1–20. doi: 10.1080/19331681.2012.701109
   Google Scholar
• Kahne, J., E. Middaugh, and D. Allen. 2015. “Youth, new Media, and the Rise of Participatory Politics.” In From Voice to Influence: Understanding Citizenship in a Digital Age, edited by D. Allen, and J. S. Light, 35–59. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kligler-Vilenchik, N. 2017. “Alternative Citizenship Models: Contextualizing new Media and the new “Good Citizen”.” New Media & Society 19 (11): 1887–1903. doi: 10.1177/1461444817713742
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, B. 2015, October 23. “Back to the Future writer: Bad guy Biff was based on Donald Trump.” The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/oct/23/back-to-the-future-writer-bad-guy-biff-was-based-on-donald-trump.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, N. J., D. V. Shah, and J. M. McLeod. 2013. “Processes of Political Socialization: A Communication Mediation Approach to Youth Civic Engagement.” Communication Research 40 (5): 669–697. doi: 10.1177/0093650212436712
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemish, D. 2007. ““This is Our War:” Israeli Children Domesticating the War in Iraq.” In Children and Media in Times of War and Conflict, edited by D. Lemish, and M. Götz, 57–74. Newark: Hampton Press.
   Google Scholar
• Literat, I. 2013. “A Pencil for Your Thoughts: Participatory Drawing as a Visual Research Method with Children and Youth.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 12: 84–98. doi: 10.1177/160940691301200143
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Literat, I., N. Kligler-Vilenchik, M. Brough, and A. Blum-Ross. 2018. “Analyzing Youth Digital Participation: Aims, Actors, Contexts and Intensitie.” The Information Society 34 (4): 261–273. doi: 10.1080/01972243.2018.1463333
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markham, A. 2012. “Fabrication as Ethical Practice: Qualitative Inquiry in Ambiguous Internet Contexts.” Information, Communication, and Society 15 (3): 334–353. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2011.641993
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massialas, B. G. 1970. The School in the Political Socialization of Children and Youth. Educational Leadership 28 (October): 31–35.
   Google Scholar
• Mihailidis, P. 2018. “Civic Media Literacies: Re-Imagining Engagement for Civic Intentionality.” Learning, Media and Technology 43 (2): 152–164. doi: 10.1080/17439884.2018.1428623
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mor, Y., N. Kligler-Vilenchik, and I. Maoz. 2015. “Political Expression on Facebook in a Context of Conflict: Dilemmas and Coping Strategies of Jewish-Israeli Youth.” Social Media+Society July-December: 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, J. 2017. “ Teaching and Learning in the Age of Trump: Increasing Stress and Hostility in America’s High Schools.” UCLA’s Institute for Democracy, Education, and Access. https://idea.gseis.ucla.edu/publications/teaching-and-learning-in-age-of-trump.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, M. T., and D. M. Gooch. 2015. Civic Education in the Twenty-First Century: A Multidimensional Inquiry. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Rogowski, J. C., and C. J. Cohen. 2015. “Black Millenials in America: Documenting the Experiences, Voices and Political Future of Young Black Americans.” http://blackyouthproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/BYP-millenials-report-10-27-15-FINAL.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Roque, R., S. Dasgupta, and S. Costanza-Chock. 2016. “Children’s Civic Engagement in the Scratch Online Community.” Social Sciences 5 (4): 55. doi: 10.3390/socsci5040055
   Google Scholar
• Scratch. 2017. “Scratch Statistics.” https://scratch.mit.edu/statistics/.
   Google Scholar
• Scratch Wiki. 2017. “Moderation.” https://wiki.scratch.mit.edu/wiki/Moderation.
   Google Scholar
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2013. “Civic Education.” https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/civic-education/.
   Google Scholar
• Stanford History Education Group. 2016. “Evaluating Information: The Cornerstone of Civic Online Reasoning.” https://sheg.stanford.edu/upload/V3LessonPlans/Executive%20Summary%2011.21.16.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, A., and J. Corbin. 1998. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Thorson, K., E. K. Vraga, and N. Kligler-Vilenchik. 2014. “Don’t Push Your Opinions on me: Young Citizens and Political Etiquette on Facebook.” In Presidential Campaigning and Social Media: An Analysis of the 2016 Campaign, edited by J. A. Hendricks, and D. Schill, 74–93. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tosenberger, C. 2008. “Homosexuality at the Online Hogwarts: Harry Potter Slash Fanfiction.” Children’s Literature 36: 185–207. doi: 10.1353/chl.0.0017
   Google Scholar
• Verba, S., K. L. Schlozman, and H. E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weinstein, E. C., M. Rundle, and C. James. 2015. “A Hush Falls Over the Crowd: Diminished Online Civic Expression among Young Civic Actors.” International Journal of Communication 9: 84–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westheimer, J., and J. Kahne. 2004. “What Kind of Citizen? The Politics of Educating for Democracy.” American Educational Research Journal 41 (2): 237–269. doi: 10.3102/00028312041002237
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youniss, J., J. A. McLellan, and M. Yates. 1997. “What we Know About Engendering Civic Identity.” American Behavioral Scientist 40 (5): 620–631. doi: 10.1177/0002764297040005008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuckerman, E. 2014. “New Media, New Civics?” Policy & Internet 6 (2): 151–168. doi: 10.1002/1944-2866.POI360
   Google Scholar
• Zukin, C., S. Keeter, M. Andolina, K. Jenkins, and M. X. Delli Carpini. 2006. A new Engagement? Political Participation, Civic Life, and the Changing American Citizen. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar