Toward Developing a Cross-Cultural Metacognition Instrument for Listening in First Language (L¹) Contexts: The (Janusik-Keaton) Metacognitive Listening Instrument

References

• Ala-Kortesmaa, S., & Valikoski, T. (2011, May). Professional communication and listening concepts of Finnish and American legal professionals. Paper presented at the International Communication Association, Boston, MA.
   Google Scholar
• Birjandi, P., & Rahimi, A. H. (2012). The effect of metacognitive strategy instruction on the listening performance of EFL students. International Journal of Linguistics, 4, 495–517. doi:10.5296/ijl.v4i2.1707
   Google Scholar
• Boroditsky, L., Fuhrman, O., & McCormick, K. (2011). Do English and Mandarin speakers think about time differently? Cognition, 118, 123–129. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2010.09.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozorgian, H. (2014). Less-skilled learners benefit more from metacognitive instruction to develop listening comprehension. International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning, 4, 3012. doi:10.5861/ijrsll.2014.748
   Google Scholar
• Bozorgian, H., & Pillay, H. (2013). Enhancing foreign language learning through listening strategies delivered in L1: An experimental study. Online Submission, 6, 105–122.
   Google Scholar
• Brislin, R. W. (1986). Research instruments. In W. J. Lonner & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Field methods in cross-cultural research: Cross-cultural research and methodology series (Vol. 8, pp. 137–164). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Brownell, J. (2006). Listening: Attitudes, principles, and skills (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Bruner, E. M. (1986). Experience and its expressions. In V. W. Turner & E. M. Bruner (Eds.), The anthropology of experience (pp. 3–30). Urbana-Champaigne, IL: University of Illinois Press.
   Google Scholar
• Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS (2nd ed.). Ottawa: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Ellermeyer, D. (1993). Improving listening comprehension through a whole-schema approach. Early Child Development and Care, 93, 101–110. doi:10.1080/0030443930930110
   Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191. doi:10.3758/BF03193146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34, 906–911. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.906
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flavell, J. H. (1985). Cognitive development (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Freday, M. E. (2011). Strategic listening: Examining the efficacy of a pedagogical cycle intended to teach the listening process ( Master’s thesis). Ohio University, Athens, OH.
   Google Scholar
• Fuhrman, O., & Boroditsky, L. (2010). Cross-cultural differences in mental representations of time: Evidence from an implicit nonlinguistic task. Cognitive Science, 34, 1430–1451. doi:10.1111/j.1551-6709.2010.01105.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gans, K. D. (1994). Learning through listening. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
   Google Scholar
• Goh, C. C. (2008). Metacognitive instruction for second language listening development: Theory, practice and research implications. RELC Journal, 39, 188–213. doi:10.1177/0033688208092184
   Google Scholar
• Goh, C. C., & Hu, G. (2013). Exploring the relationship between metacognitive awareness and listening performance with questionnaire data. Language Awareness, 23, 1–20. doi:10.1080/09658416.2013.769558
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, S., Santos, D., & Vanderplank, R. (2011). Exploring the relationship between listening development and strategy use. Language Teaching Research, 15, 435–456. doi:10.1177/1362168811412026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudykunst, W. B. (1998). Individualistic and collectivistic perspectives on communication: An introduction. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 22, 107–134. doi:10.1016/S0147-1767(98)00005-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudykunst, W. B., & Matsumoto, Y. (1996). Cross-cultural variability of communication in personal relationships. In W. B. Gudykunst, S. Ting-Toomey, & T. Nishida (Eds.), Communication in personal relationships across cultures (pp. 19–56). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond culture. Oxford: Anchor.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, E. T., & Hall, M. R. (1989). Understanding cultural differences. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. (2013). Germany. Retrieved January 20, 2013, from http://geert-hofstede.com/germany.html
   Google Scholar
• Hoyle, R. H. (2000). Confirmatory factor analysis. In H. E. Tinsley & S. D. Brown (Eds.), Handbook of applied multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling (pp. 465–497). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.10.1016/B978-012691360-6/50017-3
   Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imhof, M. (1998). What makes a good listener? Listening behavior in instructional settings. International Journal of Listening, 12, 81–105. doi:10.1080/10904018.1998.10499020
   Google Scholar
• Imhof, M. (2002). In the eye of the beholder: Children’s perception of good and poor listening behavior. International Journal of Listening, 16, 40–56. doi:10.1080/10904018.2002.10499048
   Google Scholar
• Imhof, M. (2003). The social construction of the listener: Listening behavior across situations, perceived listener status, and cultures. Communication Research Reports, 20, 357–366. doi:10.1080/08824090309388835
   Google Scholar
• Imhof, M., & Janusik, L. A. (2006). Development and validation of the Imhof-Janusik listening concepts inventory to measure listening conceptualization differences between cultures. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 35, 79–98. doi:10.1080/17475750600909246
   Google Scholar
• Ishii, S. (1984). Enryo-sasshi communication: A key to understanding Japanese interpersonal relations. Cross Currents, 11, 49–58.
   Google Scholar
• Janusik, L. A. (2007). Building listening theory: The validation of the conversational listening span. Communication Studies, 58, 139–156. doi:10.1080/10510970701341089
   Google Scholar
• Janusik, L. A., & Keaton, S. A. (2011). Listening metacognitions: Another key to teaching listening? Listening Education, 3, 33–44.
   Google Scholar
• Janusik, L. A., & Keaton, S. A. (2013). Towards developing a cross-cultural metacognition scale for listening in the first language (L1) contexts: The Metacognitive listening scale. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Keaton, S. A., & Bodie, G. D. (2013). The statistical and methodological acuity of scholarship appearing in the international journal of listening (1987–2011). International Journal of Listening, 27, 115–135. doi:10.1080/10904018.2013.813206
   Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, R. D. (1999). When cultures collide. London: Nicholas Brealey.
   Google Scholar
• Mareschal, C. (2007). Student perceptions of a self-regulatory approach to second language listening comprehension development ( Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Norenzayan, A., Smith, E. E., Kim, B. J., & Nisbett, R. E. (2002). Cultural preferences for formal versus intuitive reasoning. Cognitive Science, 26, 653–684.10.1207/s15516709cog2605_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2006). A first course in structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, M., Xun, W. E., & Wilson, A. E. (2002). Language and the bicultural self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1040–1050. doi:10.1177/01461672022811003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starosta, W. J., & Chen, G. M. (2005). Intercultural listening: Collected reflections, collated refractions. International and Intercultural Communication Annual, 28, 274–285.
   Google Scholar
• Stein, S. K. (1999). Uncovering listening strategies: Protocol analysis as a means to investigate student listening in the basic communication course ( Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
   Google Scholar
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Vandergrift, L., Goh, C. C., Mareschal, C. J., & Tafaghodtari, M. H. (2006). The metacognitive awareness listening questionnaire: Development and validation. Language Learning, 56, 431–462. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2006.00373.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandergrift, L., & Tafaghodtari, M. H. (2010). Teaching L2 learners how to listen does make a difference: An empirical study. Language Learning, 60, 470–497. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2009.00559.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veenman, M. V., Van Hout-Wolters, B. H., & Afflerbach, P. (2006). Metacognition and learning: Conceptual and methodological considerations. Metacognition and Learning, 1, 3–14. doi:10.1007/s11409-006-6893-0
   Google Scholar
• Vogely, A. (1995). Perceived strategy use during performance on three authentic listening comprehension tasks. The Modern Language Journal, 79, 41–56. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1995.tb05414.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, M. C., Haertel, G. D., & Walberg, H. J. (1990). What influences learning? A content analysis of review literature. The Journal of Educational Research, 84, 30–43. doi:10.3102/0013189X019005030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witkin, B. R. (1990). Listening theory and research: The state of the art. Journal of the International Listening Association, 4, 7–32. doi:10.1207/s1932586xijl0401_3
   Google Scholar
• Zeng, Y. (2007). Metacognitive instruction in listening: A study of Chinese non-English major undergraduates ( Unpublished master’s thesis). Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
   Google Scholar
• Zohoori, A. (2013). A cross-cultural comparison of the HURIER listening profile among Iranian and U.S. students. International Journal of Listening, 27, 50–60. doi:10.1080/10904018.2013.732415
   Google Scholar