468
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Two Codes for Remedying Problematic Situations: Japanese and English Speakers’ Views of Explanations and Apologies in the United States

Pages 126-144 | Received 18 May 2015, Accepted 28 Nov 2015, Published online: 04 Jan 2016

References

  • Basso, K. H. (1970). To give up on words: Silence in Western Apache culture. Southwest Journal of Anthropology, 26, 213–230.
  • Braithwaite, C. A. (1990). Communicative silence: A cross-cultural study of Basso’s hypothesis. In D. Carbaugh (Ed.), Cultural communication and intercultural contact (pp. 321–327). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Buttny, R. (1987a). Legitimation techniques for intermarriage: Accounts of motives for intermarriage from U.S. servicemen and Philippine women. Communication Quarterly, 35, 125–143.10.1080/01463378709369677
  • Buttny, R. (1987b). Sequence and practical reasoning in accounts episodes. Communication Quarterly, 35, 67–83.10.1080/01463378709369671
  • Buttny, R. (1993). Social accountability in communication. London: Sage.
  • Carbaugh, D. (1989). Fifty terms for talk: A cross-cultural study. In S. Ting-Toomey & F. Korzenny (Eds.), Language, culture and communication: Current directions (pp. 93–120). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Carbaugh, D. (Ed.). (1990). Cultural communication and intercultural contact. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Carbaugh, D. (1995). The ethnographic communication theory of Philipsen and associates. In D. P. Cushman & B. Kovacic (Eds.), Watershed research traditions in human communication theory (pp. 269–297). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
  • Carbaugh, D. (2005). Cultures in conversation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Carbaugh, D. (with Berry, M., & Nurmikari-Berry, M.) (2006). Coding personhood through cultural terms and practices: Silence and quietude as a Finnish “natural way of being”. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 25, 203–220.10.1177/0261927X06289422
  • Covarrubias, P., & Windchief, S. R. (2009). Silences in stewardship: Some American Indian college students examples. Howard Journal of Communications, 20, 333–352.10.1080/10646170903300754
  • Denzin, N. K. (1989). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Fitch, K. (2003). Taken-for-granteds in (an) intercultural communication. In P. J. Glenn, C. D. LeBaron, & J. Mandelbaum (Eds.), Studies in language and social interaction (pp. 91–102). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of culture: Selected essays. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Goffman, E. (1971). Relations in public: Microstudies of the public order. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Griefat, Y., & Katriel, T. (1989). Life demands musayara: Communication and culture among Arabs in Israel. In S. Ting-Toomey & F. Korzenny (Eds.), Language, communication, and culture: Current directions (pp. 121–138). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond culture. New York, NY: Doubleday.
  • Hall, B. J. (1991). An elaboration of the structural possibilities for engaging in alignment episodes. Communication Monographs, 58, 79–100.10.1080/03637759109376215
  • Hall, P. M., & Hewitt, J. P. (1970). The quasi-theory of communication and the management of dissent. Social Problems, 18, 17–27.10.2307/799877
  • Hamilton, V. L., & Hagiwara, S. (1992). Roles, responsibility, and accounts across cultures. International Journal of Psychology, 27, 157–179.10.1080/00207599208246873
  • Hamilton, V. L., & Sanders, J. (1983). Universals in judging wrongdoing: Japanese and Americans compared. American Sociological Review, 48, 199–211.10.2307/2095105
  • Hewitt, J. P., & Hall, P. M. (1973). Social problems, problematic situations, and quasi-theories. American Sociological Review, 38, 367–374.10.2307/2094359
  • Hewitt, J. P., & Stokes, R. (1975). Disclaimers. American Sociological Review, 40, 1–11.10.2307/2094442
  • Ho, E. Y. (2006). Behold the power of Qi: The importance of Qi in the discourse of acupuncture. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 39, 411–440.10.1207/s15327973rlsi3904_3
  • Hopper, R. (1981). The taken-for-granted. Human Communication Research, 7, 195–211.10.1111/hcre.1981.7.issue-3
  • Hymes, D. (1972). Models of the interaction of language and social life. In J. J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (Eds.), Directions in sociolinguistic: The ethnography of communication (pp. 35–71). Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Hymes, D. (1974). Foundations in sociolinguistics: An ethnographic approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Katriel, T. (1985). “Griping” as a verbal ritual in some Israeli discourse. In M. Dascal (Ed.), Dialogue: An interdisciplinary approach (pp. 367–381). Amsterdam: John J. Benjamins.10.1075/pbcs
  • Kotani, M. (2002). Expressing gratitude and indebtedness: Japanese speakers’ use of “I’m sorry” in English conversation. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 35, 39–72.10.1207/S15327973RLSI35-1_2
  • Leeds-Hurwitz, W. (1990). Culture and communication: A review essay. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 76, 85–96.10.1080/00335639009383904
  • Mills, C. W. (1940). Situated actions and vocabularies of motive. American Sociological Review, 5, 904–913.10.2307/2084524
  • Morris, G. H. (1985). The remedial episode as a negotiation of rules. In R. L. Street, Jr. & J. N. Cappella (Eds.), Sequence and pattern in communicative behavior (pp. 70–84). London: Edward Arnold.
  • Morris, G. H. (1991). Alignment talk and social confrontation. In J. A. Anderson (Ed.),Communication yearbook (Vol. 14, pp. 403–413). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Newell, S. E., & Stutman, R. K. (1988). The social confrontation episode. Communication Monographs, 55, 266–285.10.1080/03637758809376172
  • Oetzel, J., Ting-Toomey, S., Masumoto, T., Yokochi, Y., Pan, X., Takai, J., & Wilcox, R. (2001). Face and facework in conflict: A cross-cultural comparison of China, Germany, Japan, and the United States. Communication Monographs, 68, 235–258.10.1080/03637750128061
  • Philipsen, G. (1975). Speaking “like a man” in Teamsterville: Culture patterns of role enactment in an urban neighborhood. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 61, 13–22.10.1080/00335637509383264
  • Philipsen, G. (1989). Speech and the communal function in four cultures. In S. Ting-Toomey & F. Korzenny (Eds.), Language, communication, and culture: Current directions (pp. 79–92). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Philipsen, G. (1992). Speaking culturally: Explorations in social communication. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
  • Philipsen, G. (1997). A theory of speech codes. In G. Philipsen & T. L. Albrecht (Eds.), Developing communication theories (pp. 119–156). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
  • Philipsen, G. (2002). Cultural communication. In W. B. Gudykunst & B. Mody (Eds.), Handbook of international and intercultural communication (2nd ed., pp. 51–67). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Philipsen, G. (2008a). Speech codes theory. In W. Donsbach (Ed.), The international encyclopedia of communication (pp. 4771–4774). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Philipsen, G. (2008b). Speech codes theory: Traces of culture in interpersonal communication. In L. A. Baxter & D. O. Braithwaite (Eds.), Engaging theories in interpersonal communication: Multiple perspectives (pp. 269–280). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.10.4135/9781483329529
  • Philipsen, G. (2010). Researching culture in contexts of social interaction: An ethnographic approach, a network of scholars, illustrative moves. In D. Carbaugh & P. M. Buzzanell (Eds.), Distinctive qualities in communication research (pp. 87–105). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Philipsen, G., & Carbaugh, D. (1986). A bibliography of fieldwork in the ethnography of communication. Language in Society, 15, 387–398.10.1017/S0047404500011829
  • Philipsen, G., & Coutu, L.M. (2005). The ethnography of speaking. In K. Fitch & R. E. Sanders (Eds.), Handbook of language and social interaction (pp. 355–379). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Philipsen, G., Coutu, L. M., & Covarrubias, P. (2005). Speech codes theory: Restatement, revisions, and response to criticisms. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 55–68). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Scott, M. B., & Lyman, S. M. (1968). Accounts. American Sociological Review, 33, 46–62.10.2307/2092239
  • Stokes, R., & Hewitt, J. P. (1976). Aligning actions. American Sociological Review, 41, 838–849.10.2307/2094730
  • Sueda, K., & Wiseman, R. L. (1992). Embarrassment remediation in Japan and the United States. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16, 159–173.10.1016/0147-1767(92)90016-N
  • Ting-Toomey, S. (1988). Intercultural conflict styles: A face-negotiation theory. In Y. Y. Kim & W. B. Gudykunst (Eds.), Theories in intercultural communication (pp. 213–235). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Ting-Toomey, S. (2005). The matrix of face: An updated face-negotiation theory. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 71–92). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Triandis, H. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview.
  • Wieder, D. L., & Pratt, S. (1990). On being a recognizable Indian Among Indians. In D. Carbaugh (Ed.), Cultural communication and intercultural contact (pp. 45–64). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.