434
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Aflatoxin in cereals and groundnut from small holder farming households in Malawi

ORCID Icon, , , , &
Pages 266-274 | Received 14 Mar 2022, Accepted 09 Jul 2022, Published online: 26 Jul 2022

References

  • Abbas HK, Shier WT, Horn BW, and Weaver MA. 2004. Cultural methods for aflatoxin detection. J Toxicol. 23(2–3):295–315.
  • Anitha S, Givens DI, Subramaniam K, Upadhyay S, Kane-Potaka J, Vogtschmidt YD, Botha R, Tsusaka TW, Nedumaran S, Rajkumar H, et al. 2022. Can feeding a millet-based diet improve the growth of children?—A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 14(1):225. doi:10.3390/nu14010225.
  • Bankole S, Schollenberger M, Drochner W. 2006. Mycotoxins in food systems in Sub Saharan Africa: a review. Mycotoxin Res. 22(3):163–169. doi:10.1007/BF02959270.
  • Bernhoft A, Torp M, Clasen PE, Loes AK, Kristoffersen AB. 2012. Influence of agronomic and climatic factors on Fusarium infestation and mycotoxin contamination of cereals in Norway. Food Addit Contam Part a Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 29(7):1129–1140. doi:10.1080/19440049.2012.672476.
  • Chen C, Mitchell NJ, Gratz J, Houpt ER, Gong Y, Egner PA, Groopman JD, Riley RT, Showker JL, Svensen E, et al. 2018. Exposure to aflatoxin and fumonisin in children at risk for growth impairment in rural Tanzania. Environ Int. 115:29–37. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.001.
  • Climate data for cities worldwide. Climate-Data.Org. 2022. [Accessed 2022 Jan 10]. https://en.climate-data.org/.
  • Coulibaly ON, Hell K, Bandyopadhyay R, and Hounkponou S. 2008. Economic impact of aflatoxin contamination in Sub-Saharan Africa. In: Bandyopadhyay R, Leslie JF, and Visconti A, editor. Mycotoxins detection methods, management, Public Health and Agricultural Trade (CABI), CABI publishing.
  • Cullen S. 2017. The production of ready-to-use therapeutic food in Malawi: Smallholder farmers’ experience with groundnut production results from a six year livelihoods analysis in Malawi’s Central Region. Valid Nutrition, Malawi office: Department of Food Business & Development University College Cork.
  • Egal S, Hounsa A, Gong YY, Turner PC, Wild CP, Hall AJ, Hell K, Cardwell KF. 2005. Dietary exposure to aflatoxin from maize and groundnut in young children from Benin and Togo, West Africa. Int J Food Microbiol. 104(2):215–224. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.03.004.
  • EU. 2006. COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006, setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs, OJ L 364, 20.12.2006, p. 5.
  • FAO. 2011. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Food Security Statistics. [Accessed 2021 Mar 15]. http://faostat.fao.org/site/609/default.aspx#ancor.
  • Gama AP, Adhikari K, Hoisington DA. 2018. Peanut consumption in Malawi: an opportunity for innovation. Foods. 7(7):112. doi:10.3390/foods7070112.
  • Getachew A, Chala A, Hofgaard IS, Brurberg MB, Sulyok M, Tronsmo AM. 2018. Multimycotoxin and fungal analysis of maize grains from south and southwestern Ethiopia. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill. 11(1):64–74. doi:10.1080/19393210.2017.1408698.
  • Gichohi-Wainaina WN, Kumwenda N, Zulu R, Munthali J, Okori P. 2021. Aflatoxin contamination: Knowledge disparities among agriculture extension officers, frontline health workers and small holder farming households in Malawi. Food Control. 121:107672. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107672.
  • Gong YY, Watson S, Routledge MN. 2016. Aflatoxin exposure and associated human health effects, a review of epidemiological studies. Food Saf (Tokyo). 4(1):14–27. doi:10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2015026.
  • Jones AD. 2015. Household food insecurity is associated with heterogeneous patterns of diet quality across urban and rural regions of Malawi. World Med Health Policy. 7(3):234–254. doi:10.1002/wmh3.152.
  • Kamala A, Kimanya M, Haesaert G, Tiisekwa B, Madege R, Degraeve S, Cyprian C, De Meulenaer B. 2016. Local post-harvest practices associated with aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of maize in three agro ecological zones of Tanzania. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 33(3):551–559. doi:10.1080/19440049.2016.1138546.
  • Katundu MA, Mhina Ml, and Mbeiyererwa Arbogast G. 2014. Socio-Economic factors limiting smallholder groundnut production in Tabora Region. Research on Poverty Alleviation (REPOA), REPOA, Dar es Salaam,Tanzania.
  • Lutter CK, Caswell BL, Arnold CD, Iannotti LL, Maleta K, Chipatala R, Prado EL, Stewart CP. 2021. iImpacts of an egg complementary feeding trial on energy intake and dietary diversity in Malawi. Matern Child Nutr. 17(1):e13055. doi:10.1111/mcn.13055.
  • Maringe DT, Chidewe C, Benhura MA, Mvumi BM, Murashiki TC, Dembedza MP, Siziba L, Nyanga LK. 2017. Natural postharvest aflatoxin occurrence in food legumes in the smallholder farming sector of Zimbabwe. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill. 10(1):21–26. doi:10.1080/19393210.2016.1240245.
  • Matumba L, Monjerezi M, Khonga EB, Lakudzala DD. 2011. Aflatoxins in sorghum, sorghum malt and traditional opaque beer in southern Malaw. Food Control. 22(2):266–268. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.07.008.
  • Matumba L, Sulyok M, Njoroge SM, Njumbe Ediage E, Van Poucke C, De Saeger S, Krska R. 2015. Uncommon occurrence ratios of aflatoxin B1, B 2, G 1 and G 2 in maize and groundnuts from Malawi. Mycotoxin Res. 31(1):57–62. doi:10.1007/s12550-014-0209-z.
  • Misihairabgwi JM, Ezekiel CN, Sulyok M, Shephard GS, Krska R. 2019. Mycotoxin contamination of foods in Southern Africa: a 10-year review (2007–2016). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 59(1):43–58. doi:10.1080/10408398.2017.1357003.
  • Monyo ES, Njoroge SMC, Coe R, Osiru M, Madinda F, Waliyar F, Thakur RP, Chilinjika T, Anitha S. 2012. Occurrence and distribution of aflatoxin contamination in groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L) and population density of Aflatoxigenic Aspergilli in Malawi. Crop Prot. 42:149–155. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2012.07.004.
  • Muhihi A, Gimbi D, Njelekela M, Shemaghembe E, Mwambene K, Chiwanga F, Malik VS, Wedick NM, Spiegelman D, Hu FB, et al. 2013. Consumption and acceptability of whole grain staples for lowering markers of diabetes risk among overweight and obese Tanzanian adults. Global Health. 9(1):26. doi:10.1186/1744-8603-9-26.
  • Mwalwayo DS, Thole B. 2016a. Prevalence of aflatoxin and fumonisins (B1 + B2) in maize consumed in rural Malawi. Toxicol Rep. 3:173–179. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.01.010.
  • Mwalwayo DS, Thole B. 2016b. Prevalence of aflatoxin and fumonisins (B(1) + B(2)) in maize consumed in rural Malawi. Toxicol Rep. 3:173–179. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.01.010.
  • Nabwire WR, Ombaka J, Dick CP, Strickland C, Tang L, Xue KS, Wang JS. 2020. Aflatoxin in household maize for human consumption in Kenya, East Africa. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill. 13(1):45–51. doi:10.1080/19393210.2019.1690053.
  • Nabwire Wangia-Dixon R, Xue KS, Alcala J, Quach THT, Song X, Tang L, Ombaka J, Githanga DP, Anzala OA, Wang JS. 2020. Nutrition and growth outcomes are affected by aflatoxin exposures in Kenyan children. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 37(12):2123–2134. doi:10.1080/19440049.2020.1825825.
  • Narayan T, Haskell J, Belova A, Nelson F, Musinguzi WT and Manyong V. 2015a. Building an Aflatoxin Safe East African Community. Technical Policy Paper 10.
  • Narayan T, Haskell J, Belova A, Nelson F, Musinguzi WT, and Manyong V. 2015b. Aflatoxin: economic impacts on trade knowledge platform 2015, IITA based in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
  • Njoroge SMC. 2018. A critical review of aflatoxin contamination of peanuts in Malawi and Zambia: the past, present and future. Plant Dis. 102(12):2394–2406. doi:10.1094/PDIS-02-18-0266-FE.
  • Ortega-Beltran A, Bandyopadhyay R. 2021. Contributions of integrated aflatoxin management strategies to achieve the sustainable development goals in various African countries. Global Food Security. 30.
  • Park DL, Trucksess MW, Nesheim S, Stack M, Newell RF. 1994. Solvent-efficient thin-layer chromatographic method for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in corn and peanut products: collaborative study. J AOAC Int. 77(3):637–646. doi:10.1093/jaoac/77.3.637.
  • Passarelli S, Bromage S, Darling AM, Wang JS, Aboud S, Mugusi F, Griffiths JK, Fawzi W. 2020. Aflatoxin exposure in utero and birth and growth outcomes in Tanzania. Matern Child Nutr. 16(2):e12917. doi:10.1111/mcn.12917.
  • Qaim M, Ecker O. 2011. Analyzing nutritional impacts of policies: an empirical study for Malawi. World Dev. 39(3):412–428. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.08.002.
  • Reddy SV, Mayi DK, Reddy MU, Thirumala-Devi K, Reddy DV. 2001. Aflatoxins B1 in different grades of chillies (Capsicum annum L.) in India as determined by indirect competitive-ELISA. Food Addit Contam. 18(6):553–558. doi:10.1080/02652030119491.
  • Revoredo-Giha C, Toma L, Akaichi F, Dawson I. 2022. Exploring the effects of increasing underutilized crops on consumers’ diets: the case of millet in Uganda. Agric Food Econ. 10(1):1. doi:10.1186/s40100-021-00206-3.
  • Russell R, Paterson M, Lima N. 2010. How will climate change affect mycotoxins in food? Food Res Int. 43(7):1902–1914. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2009.07.010.
  • Seetha A, Monyo ES, Tsusaka TW, Msere HW, Madinda F, Chilunjika T, Sichone E, Mbughi D, Chilima B, Matumba L. 2018. Aflatoxin-lysine adducts in blood serum of the Malawian rural population and aflatoxin contamination in foods (groundnuts, maize) in the corresponding areas. Mycotoxin Res. 34(3):195–204. doi:10.1007/s12550-018-0314-5.
  • Tsusaka TW, Msere HW, Siambi M, Mazvimavi K, Okori P. 2016. The evolution and impacts of groundnut research and development in Malawi: an ex-post analysis. Afr J Agric Res. 11(3):139–158. doi:10.5897/AJAR2015.10167.
  • Udomkun P, Wiredu AN, Nagle M, Muller J, Vanlauwe B, Bandyopadhyay R. 2017. Innovative technologies to manage aflatoxins in foods and feeds and the profitability of application - a review. Food Control. 76:127–138. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.01.008.
  • USFDA. 2000. Guidance for industry: action levels for poisonous or deleterious substances in human food and animal feed. College Park (Maryland): U.S. food and drug administration.
  • Voth-Gaeddert LE, Stoker M, Torres O, Oerther DB. 2018. Association of aflatoxin exposure and height-for-age among young children in Guatemala. Int J Environ Health Res. 28(3):280–292. doi:10.1080/09603123.2018.1468424.
  • Wangia-Dixon RN, Quach THT, Song X, Ombaka J, Githanga DP, Anzala OA, Wang JS. 2020. Determinants of aflatoxin exposures in Kenyan school-aged children. Int J Environ Health Res: 1–9.
  • Williams JH, Phillips TD, Jolly PE, Stiles JK, Jolly CM, Aggarwal D. 2004. Human aflatoxicosis in developing countries: a review of toxicology, exposure, potential health consequences and interventions. Am J Clin Nutr. 80(5):1106–1122. doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.5.1106.
  • Wu F, Stacy SL, Kensler TW. 2013. Global risk assessment of aflatoxins in maize and peanuts: are regulatory standards adequately protective? Toxicol Sci. 135(1):251–259. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kft132.
  • Zulu R †, Gichohi-Wainaina W, Fungo R, Birachi E, Munthali J, Nchanji E, Munthali J, Msere H, Kumwenda N, and Mutua M, et al. 2020. Nutrition, markets and gender analysis study. An integrated approach towards alleviating malnutrition among vulnerable populations in Malawi. Malawi Seed Industry Development Project, Research Reported submitted to the Irish Aid Malawi. Nutrition, Markets and Gender Analysis Study. An integrated approach towards alleviating malnutrition among vulnerable populations in Malawi. Malawi Seed Industry Development Project, Research Reported submitted to the Irish Aid Malawi. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/108909/Malawi%20Seed%20Industry%20Development%20Project%20Phase%20II%20%28MSIDP%20II%29%20-%20Executive%20Summary.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y:ICRISAT.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.