578
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Terrorism and economic growth in Africa: understanding the role of military expenditure

ORCID Icon &
Pages 448-462 | Received 11 Apr 2021, Accepted 28 Sep 2021, Published online: 10 Oct 2021

References

  • Abadie, A., & Gardeazabal, J. (2003). The economic costs of conflict: A case study of the basque country. American Economic Review, 93(1), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282803321455188
  • Akinci, M., Yuce Akinci, G., & Yilmaz, O. (2014). Terrorism inflation and economic effects on growth: Panel two-step least squares method. International Journal of Security and Terrorism, 5(1), 1–24.
  • Akinwale, A. (2010). Integrating the tradional and the modern conflict management strategies in Nigeria. Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ibadan.
  • Araz-Takay, B., Arin, K., & Omay, T. (2009). The endogenous and non-linear relationship between terrorism and economic performance: Turkish evidence. Defence and Peace Economics, 20(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690701775509
  • Asongu, S. (2012). On the effect of foreign aid on corruption. Economics Bulletin, 32(3), 2174–2180.
  • Asongu, S., & Biekpe, N. (2018). ICT. Information asymmetry and market power in African banking industry. Research in International Business and Finance, 44, 518–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.121
  • Asongu, S., Efobi, U. R., & Beecroft, I. (2017). Aid in modulating the impact of Terrorism on FDI: No Positive Threshold, No Policy. Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute 17/061. African Governance and Development Institute.
  • Asongu, S., & Jellal, M. (2013, June). On the channels of foreign aid on corruption. African Governance and Development Institute Working Paper WP/13/018. African Governance and Development Institute.
  • Asongu, S., Nting, R., & Nnanna, J. (2020). Market power and cost efficiency in the African banking industry. Journal of Economic Studies, 47(6), 1247–1264. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-04-2019-0166
  • Asongu, S., & Nwachukwu, J. (2017). The impact of terrorism on governance in African countries. World Development, 99, 253–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.05.023
  • Asongu, S., Nwachukwu, J., & le Roux, S. (2019). The role of inclusive development and military expenditure in modulating the effect of terrorism on governance. Journal of Economic Studies, 46(3), 681–709. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-11-2017-0343
  • Asongu, S., Tchamyou, V., Asongu, N., & Tchamyou, N. (2017). The comparative African economics of inclusive development and military expenditure in fighting terrorism. Journal of African Development, 19(2), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.19.2.0077
  • Bagchi, A., & Paul, J. A. (2018). Youth unemployment and terrorism in MENAP (Middle East, North Africa. Afghanistan, and Pakistan) region. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 64, 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2017.12.003
  • Bayar, Y., & Gavriletea, M. D. (2018). Peace, terrorism and economic growth in Middle East and North African countries. Quality and Quantity, 52(5), 2373–2392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0671-8
  • Bezic, H., Galovic, T., & Misevic, P. (2016). The impact of terrorism on the FDI of the EU and EEA countries. Zbornik Radova Ekonomskog Fakultet au Rijeci, 34(2), 333–362. https://doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2016.2.333
  • Bloomberg, S., Hess, G., & Orphanides, A. (2004). The macroeconomic consequence of terrorism. Journal of Monetary Economics, 51(5), 1007–1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2004.04.001
  • Chung-Yan, G., & Moeller, C. (2010). The phychosocial costs of conflict management styles. International Journal of Conflict Management, 21(4), 382–399. https://doi.org/10.1108/10444061011079930
  • Cinar, M. (2017). The effetcs of terrorism on economic growth: Panel data approach. Zbornik Radova Ekonomskog Fakultet au Rijeci, 35(1), 97–121. https://doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2017.1.97
  • Clapham, C. (2009). Terrorism in Africa: Problems of definition, history and development. South African Journal of International Affairs, 10(2), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/10220460309545424
  • Crain, N., & Crain, W. (2006). Terrorized economies. Public Choice, 87(1-2), 317–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9056-6
  • Ditzen, J. (2016). XTCD2: Stata module to test for weak cross sectional dependence. Department of Economics, Boston College.
  • Driscoll, J., & Kraay, A. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatial dependent panel data. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(4), 549–560. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465398557825
  • Duyvesteyn, I. (2008). Great expectations: The use of armed force to combat terrorism. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 19(3), 328–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592310802228666
  • Eregha, P. B., Irughe, R., & Edafe, J. (2018). Education and economic growth: Empirical evidence from Nigeria. Managing Global Transitions, 16(1), 59–77. https://doi.org/10.26493/1854-6935.16.59-77
  • Feridun, M., & Shahbaz, M. (2010). Fighting terrorism: Are military measures effective? Empirical evidence from Turkey. Defence and Peace Economics, 21(2), 193–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690903568884
  • Gaibulloev, K., & Sandler, T. (2009). The impact of terrorism and conflicts on growth in Asia. Economics and Politics, 21(3), 359–383. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2009.00347.x
  • Global Terrorism Database. (2019). National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism. https://www.start.umd.edu/data-tools/global-terrorism-database-gtd
  • Global Terrorism Index (2016). Measuring and Understanding the Impact of Terrorism. Institute for Economics and Peace. http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2016.2.pdf
  • Gries, T., Krieger, T., & Meierrieks, D. (2011). Causal linkages between domestic terrorism and economic growth. Defence and Peace Economics, 22(5), 493–508. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2010.532943
  • Hoechle, D. (2007). Robust standard errors for panel regressions with cross-sectional dependence. The Stata Journal, 7(3), 281–312. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867X0700700301
  • Holt, J., & DeVore, J. (2005). Culture, gender, organisational role and stress of conflict resolution: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(2), 165–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.06.002
  • Hyder, S., Akram, N., & Padda, I. (2015). Impact of terrorism on economic development in Pakistan. Pakistan Business Review, 704–722.
  • Iheonu, C., Agbutun, S., Omenihu, C., Ihedimma, G., & Osuagwu, V. (2019). The impact of governance quality on mortality rates in Sub Saharan Africa. African Population Studies, 33(1), 4655–4668. https://doi.org/10.11564/33-1-1353
  • Iheonu, C., Ihedimma, G., & Onwuanaku, C. (2017). Institutional quality and economic performance in west africa. MPRA Working Paper No. 82212. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82212/
  • Iheonu, C., Nwodo, O., Anaduaka, U., & Ekpo, U. (2020). Inequality and female labour force participation in West Africa. European Journal of Government and Economics, 9(3), 252–264. https://doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2020.9.3.6717
  • Iheonu, C. O., Ihedimma, G. I., & Omenihu, C. M. (2017). A pooled mean group estimation of capital and growth in Sub Saharan Africa. The Romanian Economic Journal, 20(65), 105–121.
  • Iheonu, C. O., Odo, K. O., & Ekeocha, D. O. (2020). Estimating the effect of democracy, governance and militarization on peace in Africa. Journal of Public Affairs, e2253. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2253
  • Masaki, T., & van de Walle, N. (2014). The impact of democracy on economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa, 1982-2012. WIDER Working Paper 2014/057.
  • Meierrieks, D., & Gries, T. (2012). Economic performance and terrorist activity in latin America. Defence and Peace Economics, 23(5), 447–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2012.656945
  • Pesaran, M. (2015). Testing weak cross-sectional dependence in large panels. Econometric Reviews, 34(6-10), 1182–1193. https://doi.org/10.1080/07474938.2014.956623
  • Rachdi, H., & Saidi, H. (2015). Democracy and economic growth: Evidence in MENA countries. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 616–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.644
  • Radulescu, G. I. (2016). Terrorism and its impact on global economy (pp. 90–91). Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti.
  • Rahim, M. (2002). Towards a theory of managing organisational conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management, 13(3), 206–235. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022874
  • Rahim, M., Magner, R., & Shapiro, D. (2000). Do justice perceptions influence styles of handling conflict with supervisors? International Journal of Conflict Management, 11(1), 9–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022833
  • Saba, C. S., & Ngepah, N. (2019). Military expenditure and security outcome convergence in African regional economic communities: Evidence from the convergence club algorithm. Peace Economic, Peace Science & Public Policy, https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2019-0014
  • Tavares, J. (2004). The open society assesses its enemies: Shocks, disasters, and terrorist attacks. Journal of Monetary Economics, 51(5), 1039–1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2004.04.009
  • Thomas, K. (1992). Conflict and negotiation processes in organisations. In M. Dunnette, & L. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organisational psychology pato alto (pp. 651–717). Consulting Psychologist Press.
  • Thomas, K., Thomas, G., & Schaubhut, N. (2019). Conflict styles of men and women at six organisation levels. International Journal of Conflict Management, 2, 148–166. https://doi.org/10.1108/10444060810856085
  • Uysal, D., Mucuk, M., & Gerceker, M. (2009). Economic effects of terrorism: Turkey. International davraz congress: Global dialogue (pp. 1–115). Suleyman Demirel University.
  • World Bank. (2020). World Development Indicators. World Bank. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#
  • World Bank. (2020). World Governance Indicators. World Bank. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worldwide-governance-indicators
  • Yildirim, J., & Ocal, N. (2010). Regional effects of terrorism on economic growth in Turkey: A geographically weighted regression approach. Journal of Peace Research, 47(4), 477–489. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343310364576

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.