References
- Akpambang , VOE , Purcaro , G , Lajide , L , Amoo , IA , Conte , LS and Moret , S . 2009 . Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in commonly consumed Nigerian smoked/grilled fish and meat . Food Addit Contam , 26 : 1096 – 1103 .
- Ali , MY and Cole , RB . 2001 . SFE-plus-C18 lipid cleanup and selective extraction method for GC/MS quantitation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked meat . J Agric Food Chem , 49 : 4192 – 4198 .
- Andrade-Eiroa , A , de-Armas , G , Estela , JM and Cerdà , V . 2010 . Critical approach to synchronous spectrofluorimetry . II. Trends Anal Chem , 29 : 902 – 927 .
- Bjorseth , A . 1983 . Handbook of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , New York (NY) : Marcel Dekker .
- Butler , JP , Post , GB , Lioy , PJ , Waldman , JM and Greenberg , A . 1993 . Assessment of carcinogenic risk from personal exposure to benzo(a)pyrene in the total human environmental exposure study (THEES) . J Air Waste Manage Assoc , 43 : 970 – 977 .
- Conde , FJ , Ayala , JH , Afonso , AM and González , V . 2005 . Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from combustion of agricultural and sylvicultural debris . Atmos Environ , 39 : 6654 – 6663 .
- Eiroa , AA , Blanco , EV , Mahía , PL and Lorenzo , SM . 2000 . Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a complex mixture by second-derivative constant-energy synchronous spectrofluorimetry . Talanta , 51 : 677 – 684 .
- Eiroa , AA , Blanco , EV , Mahía , PL , Lorenzo , SM and Rodríguez , DP . 1998 . Simultaneous determination of 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by second-derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry considering the possibility of quenching by some PAHs in the mixture . Analyst , 123 : 2113 – 2117 .
- European Union. 2002. Opinion of the Science Committee on Food on the risks to human health of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food. Brussels (Belgium): European Union.
- Files , LA , Jones , BT , Hanamura , S and Winefordner , JD . 1986 . Gasoline engine exhaust analysis using constant energy synchronous luminescence spectrometry . Anal Chem , 58 : 1440 – 1443 .
- Fromberg , A , Højgård , A and Duedahl-Olesen , L . 2007 . Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetable oils combining gel permeation chromatography with solid-phase extraction clean-up . Food Addit Contam , 24 : 758 – 767 .
- García Falcón , MS , Gonzalez Amigo , S , Lage Yusty , MA , López de Alda Villaizán , MJ and Simal Lozano , J . 1996 . Enrichment of benzo[a]pyrene in smoked food products and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection . J Chromatogr A , 753 : 207 – 215 .
- García Falcón , MS and Simal-Gándara , J . 2005 . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoke from different woods and their transfer during the traditional smoking into chorizo sausages with collagen and tripe casings . Food Addit Contam , 22 : 1 – 8 .
- García Falcón , MS , Simal-Gándara , J and Carril-González-Barros , ST . 2000 . Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples . Food Addit Contam , 17 : 957 – 964 .
- Gomaa , EA , Gray , JI , Rabie , S , Lopez-Bote , C and Booren , AM . 1993 . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked food products and commercial liquid smoke flavourings . Food Addit Contam , 10 ( 5 ) : 503 – 521 .
- He , LF , Lin , DL and Li , YQ . 2005 . Micelle-sensitized constant-energy synchronous fluorescence spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene and perylene . Anal Sci , 21 : 641 – 645 .
- Howard , JW and Fazio , T . 1980 . Analytical methodology and reported findings of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in foods . J Assoc Off Anal Chem , 63 : 1077 – 1104 .
- Inman , EL and Winefordner , JD . 1982a . Constant energy synchronous fluorescence for analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures . Anal Chem , 54 : 2018 – 2022 .
- Inman , EL and Winefordner , JD . 1982b . Constant-energy synchronous fluorescence for reduction of Raman scatter interference . Anal Chim Acta , 138 : 245 – 252 .
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) . 2006 . Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity to humans. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans , Lyon, , France : IARC .
- Jira , W , Ziegenhals , K and Speer , K . 2008 . Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the determination of 16 European priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked meat products and edible oils . Food Addit Contam , 25 : 704 – 713 .
- Jurgensen , A , Inman , EL and Winefordner , JD . 1981 . Comprehensive analytical figures of merit for fluorimetry of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons . Anal Chim Acta , 131 : 187 – 194 .
- Kazerouni , N , Sinha , R , C Hsu , H , Greenberg , A and Rothman , N . 2001 . Analysis of 200 food items for benzo[a]pyrene and estimation of its intake in an epidemiologic study . Food Chem Toxicol , 39 : 423 – 436 .
- Kerkhoff , MJ , Files , LA and Winefordner , JD . 1985 . Identification of polyaromatic hydrocarbon mixtures by low-temperature constant energy synchronous fluorescence spectrometry . Anal Chem , 57 : 1673 – 1676 .
- Kerkhoff , MJ , Lee , TM , Allen , ER , Lundgren , DA and Winefordner , JD . 1985 . Spectral fingerprinting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in high-volume ambient air samples by constant energy synchronous luminescence spectroscopy . Environ Sci Technol , 19 : 695 – 699 .
- Kishikawa , N , Wada , M , Kuroda , N , Akiyama , S and Nakashima , K . 2003 . Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection . J Chromatogr B , 789 : 257 – 264 .
- Li , YQ , Huang , XZ , Xu , JG and Chen , GZ . 1992 . Derivative constant-energy synchronous fluorescence for simultaneous analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures . Anal Chim Acta , 256 : 285 – 291 .
- Lin , DL , He , LF and Li , YQ . 2004 . Rapid and simultaneous determination of coproporphyrin and protoporphyrin in feces by derivative matrix isopotential synchronous fluorescence spectrometry . Clin Chem , 50 : 1797 – 1803 .
- Lloyd , JBF . 1971 . Multicomponent analysis by synchronous luminescence spectrometry . Nature (Lond) Phys Sci , 231 : 64 – 65 .
- Mozo-Villarías , A . 2002 . Second derivative fluorescence spectroscopy of tryptophan in proteins . J Biochem Biophys Meth , 50 : 163 – 178 .
- Passing , H and Bablok , W . 1983 . A new biometrical procedure for testing the equality of measurements from two different analytical methods . J Clin Chem Clin Biochem , 21 : 709 – 720 .
- Stevenson , CL and Vo-Dinh , T . 1982 . Laser-excited synchronous luminescence spectroscopy . Appl Spectrosc , 47 : 430 – 435 .
- Tfouni , SAV and Toledo , MCF . 2007 . Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cane sugar . Food Contr , 18 : 948 – 952 .
- Vo-Dinh , T . 1982 . Synchronous luminescence spectroscopy: methodology and applicability . Appl Spectrosc , 36 : 576 – 581 .
- Wehry , EL . 1981 . Modern fluorescence spectroscopy , New York (NY) : Plenum .
- Wretling , S , Eriksson , A , Eskhult , GA and Larsson , B . 2010 . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Swedish smoked meat and fish . J Food Compos Anal , 23 : 246 – 272 .
- Yang , XP , Shi , BF , Zhang , YH , Tang , J and Cai , DC . 2008 . Identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil by constant energy synchronous fluorescence detection . Spectrochimica Acta A , 69 : 400 – 406 .
- Zhou N, Luo HD, Li N, Jia YZ, Li YQ. Forthcoming 2009. Highly sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric approach for rapid determination of trace benzo[a]pyrene in drinking water and in solutions leached from disposable paper cups. Luminescence. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bio.1183/abstract DOI: 10.1002/bio.1183.