61,940
Views
55
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

A review on the use of hormones in fish farming: Analytical methods to determine their residues

Una revisión sobre el uso de hormonas en la piscicultura. Métodos analíticos para determinar sus residuos

, &
Pages 679-691 | Received 05 Feb 2018, Accepted 03 May 2018, Published online: 18 Jun 2018

References

  • Adeel, M., Song, X., Wang, Y., Francis, D., & Yang, Y. (2017). Environmental impact of estrogens on human, animal and plant life: A critical review. Environment International, 99, 107–119.
  • Alda, M. J. L., de Díaz-Cruz, S., Petrovica, M., & Barcelo, D. (2003). Liquid chromatography–(tandem) mass spectrometry of selected emerging pollutants (steroid sex hormones, drugs and alkylphenolic surfactants) in the aquatic environment. Journal of Chromatography A, 1000, 503–526.
  • Almeida, C., & Nogueira, J. M. F. (2015). Determination of steroid sex hormones in real matrices by bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE). Talanta, 136, 145–154.
  • Almeida, F. L. (2013). Endocrinologia aplicada na reprodução de peixes. Revista Brasileira De Reprodução Animal, 37(2), 174–180.
  • Alves, C., Flores, L. C., Cerqueira, T. S., & Toralles, M. B. P. (2007). Exposição ambiental a interferentes endócrinos com atividade estrogênica e sua associação com distúrbios puberais em crianças [Environmental exposure to endocrine disruptors with estrogenic activity and the association with pubertal disorders in children]. Cadernos De Saúde Pública, 23(5), 1005–1014.
  • Araújo, J. E. X. S., Streit, D. P., Jr, de Ribeiro, J. S. A., de Martins, E. F. F., de Souza, F. N. C. A. L., Ribeiro, R. P., … Povh, J. A. (2014). Ovopel and carp pituitary extract as spawning inducers in males of the amazon catfish Leiarius marmoratus (Gill, 1970). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 57(6), 882–886.
  • Ardrey, R. E. (2003). Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry: An introduction. In D. J. Ando (Ed.), Analytical techniques in the sciences. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Babiak, J., Babiak, I., Nes, S. V., Harboe, T., Haugen, T., & Norberg, B. (2012). Induced sex reversal using an aromatase inhibitor, Fadrozole, in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.). Aquaculture, 324–325, 276–280.
  • Bergman, Å., Heindel, J. J., Jobling, S., Kidd, K. A., & Zoeller, R. T. (2013). State of the science of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press, World Health Organization.
  • Berlinsky, D. L., King, V. W., & Smith, T. I. J. (2005). The use of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue for ovulation induction in black sea bass (Centropristis striata). Aquaculture, 250, 813–822.
  • Bila, D. M., & Dezotti, M. (2003). Fármacos no meio ambiente [Pharmaceutical drugs in the environment]. Química Nova, 26(4), 523–530.
  • Bila, D. M., & Dezotti, M. (2007). Desreguladores endócrinos no meio ambiente: Efeitos e consequências [Endocrine disrupters in the environment: Part 1 – Effects and consequences]. Química Nova, 30(3), 651–666.
  • Blasco, C., Poucke, C. V., & Peteghem, C. V. (2007). Analysis of meat samples for anabolic steroids residues by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1154, 230–239.
  • Cardoso, O. M. C., Silva, T. J. P., & Santos, W. L. M. (1999). Ocorrência de resíduos de dietilestilbestrol e zeranol em fígado de bovinos abatidos no Brasil [Occurence of diethylstilbestrol and zeranol residues in liver of bovines slaughtered in Brazil]. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 19(3), 1001–1014.
  • Chen, W.-L., Wang, G.-S., Gwo, J.-C., & Chen, C.-Y. (2012). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry determination of feminizing chemicals in river water, sediment and tissue pretreated using disk-type solid-phase extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion. Talanta, 89, 237–245.
  • Curtis, L. R., Diren, F. T., Hurley, M. D., Seim, W. K., & Tubb, R. A. (1991). Disposition and elimination of 17-α-methyltestosterone in Nile tilapia. Aquaculture, 99(1), 193–201.
  • Dasgupta, S., Sarkar, S. K., Sarangi, N., & Bhattacharya, S. (2009). Variation in spawning responses, egg and larvae productions from induced rohu (Labeorohita) during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons: Relationship with hormonal changes and oocyte responsiveness during final maturation. Aquaculture, 290, 320–326.
  • de Alda, M. J. L., & Barcelo, D. (2001). Determination of steroid sex hormones and related synthetic compounds considered as endocrine disrupters in water by fully automated on-line solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–diode array detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 911, 203–210.
  • de Bem, J. C. (2009). Desenvolvimento gonadal inicial e reversão sexual em Astyanaxalti paranae (Teleostei, characidae) [Initial gonadal development and sexual reversal in Astyanaxalti paranae (Teleostei, characidae)] (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from https://repositorio.unesp.br/handle/11449/87742
  • DiMaggio, M. A., Broach, J. S., & Ohs, C. L. (2013). Evaluation of Ovaprim and human chorionic gonadotropin doses on spawning induction and egg and larval quality of pinfish. Lagodonrhomboides. Aquaculture, 414–415, 9–18.
  • Draisci, R., Palleschi, L., Ferretti, E., Lucentini, L., & Cammarata, P. (2000). Quantitation of anabolic hormones and their metabolites in bovine serum and urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 870, 511–522.
  • Duarte, K. M. R., da Silva, F. M. S. M., & Meirelles, C. F. (2002). Resíduos de anabolizantes na produção animal: Importância e métodos de detecção [Anabolic residues in livestock prodution: Relevancy and detection methods]. Ciência Rural, 32(4), 731–737.
  • EC. (1996). Directive 96/22/EC of the Council of the European Union, of 29 April 1996, Concerning the prohibition on the use in stockfarming of certain substances having a hormonal or thyrostatic action and of beta-agonists, and repealing Directives 81/602/EEC, 88/146/EEC and 88/299/EEC. Official Journal of the European Communities of 23 May 1996, L 125/3-L 125/9. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:31996L0022&from=en.
  • EC. (2003). Directive 2003/74/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union, of 22 September 2003, Amending Council Directive 96/22/EC concerning the prohibition on the use in stockfarming of certain substances having a hormonal or thyrostatic action and of beta-agonists. Official Journal of the European Communities of 14 October 2003, L 262/17- L 262/21. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32003L0074&from=EN
  • EC. (2008). Directive 2008/97/EC of The European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union, of 19 November 2008, Amending Council Directive 96/22/EC concerning the prohibition on the use in stockfarming of certain substances having a hormonal or thyrostatic action and of beta-agonists. Official Journal of the European Communities of 28 November 2008, L 318/9- L 318/11. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008L0097&rid=1.
  • El-Sayed, A. M., Abdel-Aziz, E. H., & Abdel-Ghani, H. M. (2012). Effects of phytoestrogens on sex reversal of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae fed diets treated with 17α-methyltestosterone. Aquaculture, 360–361, 58–63.
  • Falone, S. Z. (2007). Desenvolvimento de métodos para a determinação do hormônio 17α-metiltestosterona em amostras de água e de sedimentos de piscicultura: Ensaios ecotoxicológicos com cladóceros [Development of methods for the determination of 17α-metiltestosterone in water and sediments samples from pisciculture: Ecotoxicological assay with cladocera] (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-09042008-133314/pt-br.php.
  • Fan, Y., Yin, Y., Jiang, W., Chen, Y., Yang, J., Wu, J., & Xie, M. (2014). Simultaneous determination of ten steroid hormones in animal origin food by matrix solid-phase dispersion and liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 142, 170–177.
  • Fernandes, A. N., Giovanela, M., Almeida, C. A. P., Esteves, V. I., Sierra, M. M. D., & Grassi, M. T. (2011). Remoção dos hormônios 17β-estradiol e 17α-etinilestradiol de soluções aquosas empregando turfas decompostas como material adsorvente [Removal of the hormones 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol from aqueous solutions employing a decomposed peat as adsorbent material]. Química Nova, 34(9), 1526–1533.
  • Fernández-Palacios, H., Schuchardt, D., Roo, J., Hernández-Cruz, C., & Izquierdo, M. (2015). Spawn quality and GnRHa induction efficiency in longfin yellowtail (Seriolarivoliana) broodstock kept in captivity. Aquaculture, 435, 167–172.
  • Ferretti, G., Ferranti, C., Crovella, T., Fiori, M., Civitareale, C., Marchiafava, C., … Palleschi, L. (2008). Simultaneous analysis of 17α-estradiol and 17β-estradiol in bovine serum by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B, 871, 135–140.
  • Filho, L. A. C., Brito, L. T., Cunha, K. L., Júnior, M. P., & Amorim, M. J. A. L. (2016). Técnica de Propagação Artificial em Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) (Cuvier, 1818) [Technique of Artificial Propagation in Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) (Cuvier, 1818)]. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228458020
  • Flora, M. A. D., Maschke, F., Ferreira, C. C., & De A Pedron, F. (2010). Biologia e cultivo do dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) [Biology and culture of dourado fish (Salminus brasiliensis)]. Acta Veterinaria Brasilica, 4(1), 7–14.
  • Garber, A. F., Fordham, S. E., Symonds, J. E., Trippel, E. A., & Berlinsky, D. L. (2009). Hormonal induction of ovulation and spermiation in Atlantic cod (Gadusmorhua). Aquaculture, 296, 179–183.
  • Garcia, C. E. O., Araújo, B. C., Mello, P. H., Narcizo, A. M., Rodrigues-Filho, J. A., Medrado, A. T., … Moreira, R. G. (2013). Involvement of pituitary gonadotropins, gonadal steroids and breeding season in sex change of protogynous dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus (Teleostei: Serranidae), induced by a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 192, 170–180.
  • Guedes-Alonso, R., Montesdeoca-Esponda, S., Sosa-Ferrera, Z., & Santana-Rodríguez, J. J. (2014). Liquid chromatography methodologies for the determination of steroid hormones in aquatic environmental systems. Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 3–4, 14–27.
  • Guedes-Alonso, R., Sosa-Ferrera, Z., & Santana-Rodríguez, J. J. (2017). Determination of steroid hormones in fish tissues by microwave-assisted extraction coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 237, 1012–1020.
  • Haffray, P., Petit, V., Guiguen, Y., Quillet, E., Rault, P., & Fostier, A. (2009). Successful production of monosex female brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis using gynogenetic sex reversed males by a combination of methyltestosterone immersion and oral treatments. Aquaculture, 290, 47–52.
  • Hartmann, S., Lacorn, M., & Steinhart, H. (1998). Natural occurrence of steroid hormones in food. Food Chemistry, 62(1), 7–20.
  • Hayashi, C., Boscolo, W. R., Soares, C. M., & Meurer, F. (2002). Exigência de proteína digestível para larvas de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), durante a reversão sexual [Digestible protein requirement for Nile tilapia larvae (Oreochromis niloticus) during the sexual reversion] [suplemento]. Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia, 31(2), 823–828.
  • Hendry, C. I., Martin-Robichaud, D. J., & Benfey, T. J. (2003). Hormonal sex reversal of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.). Aquaculture, 219, 769–781.
  • Heyrati, F. P., Mostafavi, H., Toloee, H., & Dorafshan, S. (2007). Induced spawning of kutum, Rutilusfrisiikutum (Kamenskii, 1901) using (D-Ala6, Pro9-NEt) GnRHa combined with domperidone. Aquaculture, 265, 288–293.
  • Hu, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, X., Hu, Y., & Li, G. (2010). A novel molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction fiber coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for analysis of trace estrogens in fishery samples. Talanta, 80, 2099–2105.
  • Ibarra-Castro, L., & Duncan, N. J. (2007). GnRHa-induced spawning of wild-caught spotted rose snapper Lutjanusguttatus. Aquaculture, 272, 737–746.
  • IBGE. (2015). Produção da Pecuária Municipal – 2015. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.
  • Ingrand, V., Herry, G., Beausse, J., & De Roubin, M. R. (2003). Analysis of steroid hormones in effluents of wastewater treatment plants by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1020, 99–104.
  • Isobe, T., Shiraishi, H., Yasuda, M., Shinoda, A., Suzuki, H., & Morita, M. (2003). Determination of estrogens and their conjugates in water using solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 984, 195–202.
  • Jakimska, A., Huerta, B., Barganska, Z., Kot-Wasik, A., Rodríguez-Mozaz, S., & Barceló, D. (2013). Development of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry procedure for determination of endocrine disrupting compounds in fish from Mediterranean rivers. Journal of Chromatography A, 1306, 44–58.
  • JECFA. (1988). Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO Technical Report Series 763.
  • JECFA. (1989). Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO Technical Report Series 788.
  • JECFA. (2000). Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO Technical Report Series 893
  • Jiang, T., Zhao, L., Chu, B., Feng, Q., Yan, W., & Lin, J. (2009). Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction for the selective determination of 17beta-estradiol in fishery samples with high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta, 78, 442–447.
  • Johnstone, R., Macintosh, D. J., & Wright, R. S. (1983). Elimination of orally administered 17 methyltestosterone by Oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia) and Salmo gaidneri (rainbow trout) juveniles. Aquaculture, 35, 249–257.
  • Johnstone, R., Simpson, T. H., & Youngson, A. F. (1978). Sex reversal in salmonid culture. Aquaculture, 13, 115–134.
  • Jürgens, M. D., Holthaus, K. I., Johnson, A. C., Smith, J. J., Hetheridge, M., & Williams, R. J. (2002). The potential for estradiol and ethinylestradiol degradation in English rivers. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 21, 480–488.
  • Kaklamanos, G., Theodoridis, G., & Dabalis, T. (2009). Determination of anabolic steroids in muscle tissue by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216, 8072–8079.
  • Kanemaru, T., Nakamura, M., Murata, R., Kuroki, K., Horie, H., Uchida, K., … Kagawa, H. (2012). Induction of sexual maturation of the female honeycomb grouper, Epinephe lusmerra, in the non-breeding season by modulating environmental factors with GnRH analogue implantation. Aquaculture, 358–359, 85–91.
  • Lee, C. S., Tamaru, C. S., Banno, J. E., Kelley, C. D., Bocek, A., & Wyban, J. A. (1986). Induced maturation and spawning of milkfish, Chanos chanos Forsskal, by hormone implantation. Aquaculture, 52, 199–205.
  • Leonhardt, J. H. (1997). Efeito da reversão sexual em tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1757) [Effect of sexual reversal on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1757)] (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://repositorio.unesp.br/bitstream/handle/11449/144133/000105141.pdf?sequence=1
  • Levavi-Sivan, B., Vaiman, R., Sachs, O., & Tzchori, I. (2004). Spawning induction and hormonal levels during final oocyte maturation in the silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus).. Aquaculture, 229, 419–431.
  • Liao, P., Chu, S., Tu, T., Wang, X., Lin, A. Y., & Chen, P. (2014). Persistent endocrine disruption effects in medaka fish with early life-stage exposure to a triazole-containing aromatase inhibitor (letrozole). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 277, 141–149.
  • Lin, S., Benfey, T. J., & Martin-Robichaud, D. J. (2012). Hormonal sex reversal in Atlantic cod. Gadusmorhua. Aquaculture, 364–365, 192–197.
  • Liu, J., Wang, R., Huang, B., Lin, C., Wang, Y., & Pan, X. (2011). Distribution and bioaccumulation of steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in wild fish species from Dianchi Lake, China. Environmental Pollution, 159, 2815–2822.
  • Long, Z., Hong, L., & Jie, J. (2007). Determination of β-estradiol residues in fish/shellfish muscle by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 35(7), 983–987.
  • Lopes, L. G., Marchi, M. R. R., Souza, J. B. G., Moura, J. A., Lorenzon, C. S., Cruz, C., & Amaral, L. A. (2010). Estrogênios em águas naturais e tratadas da região de Jaboticabal – São Paulo [Estrogens in natural and treated waters in the region of Jaboticabal – São Paulo, Brazil]. Química Nova, 33(3), 639–643.
  • Mainardes-Pinto, C. S. R., Fenerich-Verani, N., de Campos, B. E. S., & da Silva, A. L. (2000). Masculinização da tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus, utilizando diferentes rações e diferentes doses de 17 α-metiltestosterona [Masculinization of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, using different diets and different doses of 17α-methyltestosterone]. Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia, 29(3), 654–659.
  • MARA. (1991). Ministério de Estado da Agricultura e Reforma Agrária [Brazil]. Portaria No. 51 de 24 de Maio 1991 [Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform. Regulation No. 51 of 24 May 1991]. Published at Diário Oficial da União on 27 May 1991. Retrieved from http://www3.servicos.ms.gov.br/iagro_ged/pdf/356_GED.pdf.
  • Marino, G., Panini, E., Longobardi, A., Mandich, A., Finoia, M. G., Zohar, Y., & Mylonas, C. C. (2003). Induction of ovulation in captive-reared dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834), with a sustained-release GnRHa implant. Aquaculture, 219, 841–858.
  • Melard, C. (1995). Production of a high percentage of male offspring with 17α-ethynylestradiol sex-reversed Oreochromis aureus. I. Estrogen sex-reversal and production of F2 pseudofemales. Aquaculture, 130, 25–34.
  • Mylonas, C. C., Fostier, A., & Zanuy, S. (2010). Broodstock management and hormonal manipulations of fish reproduction. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 166, 516–534.
  • Mylonas, C. C., Mitrizakis, N., Castaldo, C. A., Cerviño, C. P., Papadaki, M., & Sigelaki, I. (2013). Reproduction of hatchery-produced meagre Argyroso musregius in captivity. II. Hormonal induction of spawning and monitoring of spawning kinetics, egg production and egg quality. Aquaculture, 414–415, 318–327.
  • Mylonas, C. C., Papandroulakis, N., Smboukis, A., Papadaki, M., & Divanach, P. (2004). Induction of spawning of cultured greater amberjack (Serioladu merili) using GnRHa implants. Aquaculture, 237, 141–154.
  • Nozu, R., Kojima, Y., & Nakamura, M. (2009). Short term treatment with aromatase inhibitor induces sex change in the protogynous wrasse, Halichoeres trimaculatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 161, 360–364.
  • Pandian, T. J., & Sheela, S. G. (1995). Review: Hormonal induction of sex reversal in fish. Aquaculture, 138, 1–22.
  • Park, I., Kim, J., Cho, S. H., & Kim, D. S. (2004). Sex differentiation and hormonal sex reversal in the bagrid catfish Pseudobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson). Aquaculture, 232, 183–193.
  • Passini, G. (2013). Indução da inversão sexual de machos do robalo-flecha, Centropomus undecimalis, com implantes do hormônio 17β-estradiol [Induction of the sexual inversion of males of the shootworms, Centropomus undecimalis, with 17β-estradiol hormone implants] (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from https://repositorio.ufsc.br/bitstream/handle/123456789/106919/317597.pdf?sequence=1
  • Piferrer, F. (2001). Endocrine sex control strategies for the feminization of teleost fish. Aquaculture, 197, 229–281.
  • Rasines, I., Gómez, M., Martín, I., Rodríguez, C., Mañanós, E., & Chereguini, O. (2013). Artificial fertilisation of cultured Senegalese sole (Soleasene galensis): Effects of the time of day of hormonal treatment on inducing ovulation. Aquaculture, 392–395, 94–97.
  • Reis-Filho, R. W., de Araújo, J. C., & Vieira, E. M. (2006). Hormônios sexuais estrógenos: Contaminantes bioativos [Sexual estrogenic hormones: Bioactive contaminants]. Química. Nova, 29(4), 817–822.
  • Rothbard, S., Zohar, Y., Zmora, N., Sivan, B. L., Moav, B., & Yaron, Z. (1990). Clearance of 17α-ethynyltestosterone from muscle of sex-inversed tilapia hybrids treated for growth enhancement with two doses of the androgen. Aquaculture, 89(3/4), 365–376.
  • Santos, V. B., de Santos, R. S., Salomão, R. A. S., & de Silva, R. M. (2012). Reprodução induzida de pacu (Piaractus Mesopotamicus) com o uso de diferentes hormônios comerciais [Induced reproduction of pacu (Piaractus Mesopotamicus) with the use of different commercial hormones]. Pesquisa & Tecnologia, 9(1), 1–6.
  • Shao, B., Zhao, R., Meng, J., Xue, Y., Wu, G., Hu, J., & Tu, X. (2005). Simultaneous determination of residual hormonal chemicals in meat, kidney, liver tissues and milk by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 548, 41–50.
  • Shi, Y., Peng, D., Shi, C., Zhang, X., Xie, Y., & Lu, B. (2011). Selective determination of trace 17β-estradiol in dairy and meat samples by molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction and HPLC. Food Chemistry, 126, 1916–1925.
  • Singh, A. K. (2013). Introduction of modern endocrine techniques for the production of monosex population of fishes. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 181, 146–155.
  • Specker, J. L., & Chandlee, M. K. (2003). Methodology for estradiol treatment in marine larval and juvenile fish: Uptake and clearance in summer flounder. Aquaculture, 217, 663–672.
  • Sugumar, V., & Munuswamy, N. (2006). Induction of population growth, mictic female production and body size by treatment of a synthetic GnRH analogue in the freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas. Aquaculture, 258, 529–534.
  • Szabó, T., Medgyasszay, C., & Horváth, L. (2002). Ovulation induction in nase (Chondrosto manasus, Cyprinidae) using pituitary extract or GnRH analogue combined with domperidone. Aquaculture, 203, 389–395.
  • Tabata, Y. A., Rigolino, M. G., & Tsukamoto, R. Y. (1999). Produção de lotes monossexos femininos triplóides de truta arco-íris, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Pisces, Salmonidae). III – Crescimento até idade de primeira maturação sexual [Production of all female triploid rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Pisces, Salmonidae). III – Growth up to first sexual maturation]. Boletim Do Instituto De Pesca, 25, 67–76.
  • Taranger, G. L., Carrillo, M., Schulz, R. W., Fontaine, P., Zanuy, S., Felip, A., & Hansen, T. (2010). Control of puberty in farmed fish. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 165, 483–515.
  • Targońska, K., Kucharczyk, D., Kujawa, R., Mamcarz, A., & Żarski, D. (2010). Controlled reproduction of asp, Aspius aspius (L.) using luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues with dopamine inhibitors. Aquaculture, 306, 407–410.
  • Toyama, G. N., Corrente, J. E., & Cyrino, J. E. P. (2000). Suplementação de vitamina C em rações para reversão sexual da tilápia do nilo [Vitamin C diet supplementation for sex reversal of the Nile tilapia]. Scientia Agricola, 57(2), 221–228.
  • Vazirzadeh, A., Amiri, B. M., Yelghi, S., Hajimoradloo, A., Nematollahi, M. A., & Mylonas, C. C. (2011). Comparison of the effects of different methods of mammalian and salmon GnRHa administration on spawning performance in wild-caught female carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) from the Caspian Sea. Aquaculture, 320, 123–128.
  • Venturieri, R., & Bernardino, G. (1999). Hormônios na reprodução artificial de peixes [Hormones in artificial fish breeding]. Panorama Da Aqüicultura, 9(55), 39–48.
  • Verbinnen, R. F., Nunes, G. S., & Vieira, E. M. (2010). Determinação de hormônios estrógenos em água potável usando CLAE-DAD [Determination of estrogens in drinking water using HPLC–DAD.]. Química Nova, 33(9), 1837–1842.
  • Wang, H., Zhou, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, H., Li, G., Xu, Y., & Ding, L. (2012). Dynamic microwave-assisted extraction coupled with salting-out liquid–liquid extraction for determination of steroid hormones in fish tissues. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60, 10343–10351.
  • Wang, Q., Zhang, A., Pan, X., & Chen, L. (2010). Simultaneous determination of sex hormones in egg products by ZnCl2 depositing lipid, solid-phase extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 678, 108–116.
  • Wang, Y., Hu, M., Wang, W., Liu, X., Cheung, S. G., Shin, P. K. S., & Song, L. (2009). Effects of GnRHa (D-Ala6, Pro9-NEt) combined with domperidone on ovulation induction in wild loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Aquaculture, 291, 136–139.
  • Williams, R. J., Jürgens, M. D., & Johnson, A. C. (1999). Initial predictions of the concentrations and distribution of 17β-estradiol, oestrone and ethynyl oestradiol in 3 English rivers. Water Research, 33, 1663–1671.
  • Xu, C. L., Chu, X. G., Peng, C. F., Jin, Z. Y., & Wang, L. Y. (2006). Development of a faster determination of 10 anabolic steroids residues in animal muscle tissues by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41, 616–621.
  • Yang, Y., Shao, B., Zhang, J., Wu, Y., & Duan, H. (2009). Determination of the residues of 50 anabolic hormones in muscle, milk and liver by very-high-pressure liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B, 877, 489–496.
  • Ying, G., Kookana, R. S., & Ru, Y. (2002). Occurrence and fate of hormone steroids in the environment. Environment International, 28, 545–551.
  • Zanardi, M. F. (2007). Determinação de resíduo hormonal na carcaça de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) após reversão sexual [Hormone residue determination in Nile tilapia carcass (Oreochromis niloticus) after sexual reversion] (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from https://repositorio.unesp.br/bitstream/handle/11449/86715/zanardi_mf_me_jabo.pdf?sequence=1
  • Zanardi, M. F., Koberstein, T. C. R. D., Urbinati, E. C., Fagundes, M., Dos Santos, M. A., & Mataqueiro, M. I. (2011). Concentrações de hormônio na carcaça de tilápias-do-nilo e maturação precoce após reversão sexual [Hormone concentration in carcass of Nile tilapia submitted to early maturation after sexual reversion]. Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia, 40(1), 7–11.
  • Zanoni, M. A., Leal, T. V., Filho, M. C., De Oliveira, C. A. L., & Ribeiro, R. P. (2013). Inversão sexual de alevinos de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) variedade Supreme, submetidos a diferentes temperaturas durante fase de diferenciação sexual [Sex reversal of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Supreme variety, fingerlings submitted to different temperatures for sexual differentiation phase]. Ciências Agrárias, 34(1), 455–466.
  • Zhou, J. L., & Zhang, Z. (2011). Analysis of Hormones in Food. In L. M. L. Nollet (Ed.), Analysis of endocrine disrupting compounds in food. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Zohar, Y., & Mylonas, C. C. (2001). Endocrine manipulations of spawning in cultured fish: From hormones to genes. Aquaculture, 197, 99–136.