References
- Anandharaj, M., Sivasankari, B., & Parveen Rani, R. (2014). Effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on hypercholesterolemia: A review. Chinese Journal of Biology,2014,(2014-2-27), 2014(3–4), 1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/572754
- Banach, M., Rizzo, M., Toth, P. P., Farnier, M., Davidson, M. H., Alrasadi, K., Aronow, W. S., Athyros, V., Djuric, D. M., Ezhov, M. V., Greenfield, R. S., Hovingh, G. K., Kostner, K., Serban, C., Lighezan, D., Fras, Z., Moriarty, P. M., Muntner, P., Goudev, A., Ceska, R., & Mikhailidis, D. P. (2015). Statin intolerance – An attempt at a unified definition. Position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel. Archives of Medical Science Ams, 11(1), 1. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2015.49807
- Begley, M., Hill, C., & Gahan, C. G. (2006). Bile salt hydrolase activity in probiotics. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72(3), 1729–1738. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.3.1729-1738.2006
- Caparrós-Martín, J. A., Lareu, R. R., Ramsay, J. P., Peplies, J., Reen, F. J., Headlam, H. A., Ward, N. C., Croft, K. D., Newsholme, P., & Hughes, J. D. (2017). Statin therapy causes gut dysbiosis in mice through a PXR-dependent mechanism. Microbiome, 5(1), 95. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0312-4
- Caporaso, J. G., Kuczynski, J., Stombaugh, J., Bittinger, K., Bushman, F. D., Costello, E. K., Fierer, N., Peña, A. G., Goodrich, J. K., Gordon, J. I., Huttley, G. A., Kelley, S. T., Knights, D., Koenig, J. E., Ley, R. E., Lozupone, C. A., McDonald, D., Muegge, B. D., Pirrung, M., Reeder, J., & Knight, R. (2010). QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nature Methods, 7(5), 335–336. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.f.303
- de Aguiar Vallim, T. Q., Tarling, E. J., & Edwards, P. A. (2013). Pleiotropic roles of bile acids in metabolism. Cell Metabolism, 17(5), 657–669. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.013
- Degirolamo, C., Rainaldi, S., Bovenga, F., Murzilli, S., & Moschetta, A. (2014). Microbiota modification with probiotics induces hepatic bile acid synthesis via downregulation of the Fxr-Fgf15 axis in mice. Cell Reports, 7(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.032
- Ding, W., Shi, C., Chen, M., Zhou, J., Long, R., & Guo, X. (2017). Screening for lactic acid bacteria in traditional fermented Tibetan yak milk and evaluating their probiotic and cholesterol-lowering potentials in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Journal of Functional Foods, 32(2017), 324–332. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.021
- Dong, Z., Zhang, J., Lee, B., Li, H., Du, G., & Chen, J. (2012). A bile salt hydrolase gene of Lactobacillus plantarum BBE7 with high cholesterol-removing activity. European Food Research and Technology, 235(3), 419–427. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-012-1769-9
- Edgar, R. C. (2013). UPARSE: Highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads. Nature Methods, 10(10), 996. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2604
- Edgar, R. C., Haas, B. J., Clemente, J. C., Quince, C., & Knight, R. (2011). UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection. Bioinformatics, 27(16), 2194–2200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr381
- FAO/WHO. (2002). Joint FAO/WHO working group report on drafting guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food.
- Fuentes, M. C., Lajo, T., Carrión, J. M., & Cuñé, J. (2013). Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7527, 7528 and 7529 in hypercholesterolaemic adults. British Journal of Nutrition, 109(10), 1866–1872. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711451200373X
- Fukada, Y., Kimura, K., & Ayaki, Y. (1991). Effect of chitosan feeding on intestinal bile acid metabolism in rats. Lipids, 26(5), 395–399. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02537206
- Guo, C. F., Zhang, S., Yuan, Y. H., Li, J. Y., & Yue, T. L. (2018). Bile salt hydrolase and S‐layer protein are the key factors affecting the hypocholesterolemic activity of Lactobacillus casei-fermented milk in hamsters. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 62(24), 1800728. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201800728
- Guo, L., Wang, L., Liu, F., Li, B., Tang, Y., Yu, S., Zhang, D., & Huo, G. (2019). Effect of bile salt hydrolase-active Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0344 on cholesterol metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Journal of Functional Foods, 61(2019), 103497. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.103497
- Horáčková, Š., Plocková, M., & Demnerová, K. (2018). Importance of microbial defence systems to bile salts and mechanisms of serum cholesterol reduction. Biotechnology Advances, 36(3), 682–690. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.005
- Hosono, A. (1999). Bile tolerance, taurocholate deconjugation, and binding of cholesterol by Lactobacillus gasseri strains. Journal of Dairy Science, 82(2), 243–248. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75229-X
- Ishimwe, N., Daliri, E. B., Lee, B. H., Fang, F., & Du, G. (2015). The perspective on cholesterol‐lowering mechanisms of probiotics. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 59(1), 94–105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201400548
- Jeun, J., Kim, S., Cho, S.-Y., Jun, H.-J., Park, H.-J., Seo, J.-G., Chung, M.-J., & Lee, S.-J. (2010). Hypocholesterolemic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3928 by increased bile acid excretion in C57BL/6 mice. Nutrition, 26(3), 321–330. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2009.04.011
- Jones, M. L., Chen, H., Ouyang, W., Metz, T., & Prakash, S. (2004). Microencapsulated genetically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum 80 (pCBH1) for bile acid deconjugation and its implication in lowering cholesterol. BioMed Research International, 2004(1), 61–69. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/S1110724304307011
- Jones, M. L., Tomaro-Duchesneau, C., Martoni, C. J., & Prakash, S. (2013). Cholesterol lowering with bile salt hydrolase-active probiotic bacteria, mechanism of action, clinical evidence, and future direction for heart health applications. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 13(5), 631–642. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2013.758706
- Kajiura, K., Ohkusa, T., & Okayasu, I. (1998). Relationship between fecal bile acids and the occurrence of colorectal neoplasia in experimental murine ulcerative colitis. Digestion, 59(1), 69–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1159/000007469
- Khan, T. J., Ahmed, Y. M., Zamzami, M. A., Mohamed, S. A., Khan, I., Baothman, O. A., Mehanna, M. G., & Yasir, M. (2018). Effect of atorvastatin on the gut microbiota of high fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 662. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-19013-2
- Kim, B., Park, K. Y., Ji, Y., Park, S., Holzapfel, W., & Hyun, C. K. (2016). Protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG against dyslipidemia in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications, 473(2), 530–536. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.107
- Kir, S., Zhang, Y., Gerard, R. D., Kliewer, S. A., & Mangelsdorf, D. J. (2012). Nuclear receptors HNF4α and LRH-1 cooperate in regulating Cyp7a1 in vivo. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287(49), 41334–41341. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.421834
- Lepercq, P., Relano, P., Cayuela, C., & Juste, C. (2004). Bifidobacterium animalis strain DN-173 010 hydrolyses bile salts in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 39(12), 1266–1271. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00365520410003515
- Li, B., Evivie, S. E., Lu, J., Jiao, Y., Wang, C., Li, Z., Liu, F., & Huo, G. (2018). Lactobacillus helveticus KLDS1. 8701 alleviates D-galactose-induced aging by regulating Nrf-2 and gut microbiota in mice. Food & Function, 9(12), 6586–6598. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1039/C8FO01768A
- Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., & Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193(1), 265–275. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6
- Lye, H.-S., Kato, T., Low, W.-Y., Taylor, T. D., Prakash, T., Lew, L.-C., Ohno, H., & Liong, M.-T. (2017). Lactobacillus fermentum FTDC 8312 combats hypercholesterolemia via alteration of gut microbiota. Journal of Biotechnology, 262(2017), 75–83. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.09.007
- Lye, H.-S., Rahmat-Ali, G. R., & Liong, M.-T. (2010). Mechanisms of cholesterol removal by lactobacilli under conditions that mimic the human gastrointestinal tract. International Dairy Journal, 20(3), 169–175. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.10.003
- Lye, H.-S., Rusul, G., & Liong, M.-T. (2010). Removal of cholesterol by lactobacilli via incorporation and conversion to coprostanol. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(4), 1383–1392. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2574
- Mathers, C., Stevens, G., & Mascarenhas, M. (2009). Global health risks: Mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. World Health Organization.
- Michael, D., Moss, J., Calvente, D. L., Garaiova, I., Plummer, S., & Ramji, D. (2016). Lactobacillus plantarum CUL66 can impact cholesterol homeostasis in Caco-2 enterocytes. Beneficial Microbes, 7(3), 443–451. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2015.0146
- Moss, J. W., & Ramji, D. P. (2016). Nutraceutical therapies for atherosclerosis. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 13(9), 513. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2016.103
- Nguyen, T., Kang, J., & Lee, M. (2007). Characterization of Lactobacillus plantarum PH04, a potential probiotic bacterium with cholesterol-lowering effects. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 113(3), 358–361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.08.015
- Park, Y. E., Kim, M. S., Shim, K. W., Kim, Y.-I., Chu, J., Kim, B.-K., Choi, I. S., & Kim, J. Y. (2020). Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Q180 on postprandial lipid levels and intestinal environment: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel trial. Nutrients, 12(1), 255. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010255
- Park, Y.-H., Kim, J.-G., Shin, Y.-W., Kim, S.-H., & Whang, K.-Y. (2007). Effect of dietary inclusion of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 on cholesterol metabolism in rats. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 17(4), 655–662. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-006-0202-4
- Parks, D. J., Blanchard, S. G., Bledsoe, R. K., Chandra, G., Consler, T. G., Kliewer, S. A., Stimmel, J. B., Willson, T. M., Zavacki, A. M., & Moore, D. D. (1999). Bile acids: Natural ligands for an orphan nuclear receptor. Science, 284(5418), 1365–1368. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5418.1365
- Prakash, S., Tomaro-Duchesneau, C., Saha, S., & Cantor, A. (2011). The gut microbiota and human health with an emphasis on the use of microencapsulated bacterial cells. BioMed Research International, 2011, Article ID 981214. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/981214
- Pullinger, C. R., Eng, C., Salen, G., Shefer, S., Batta, A. K., Erickson, S. K., Verhagen, A., Rivera, C. R., Mulvihill, S. J., & Malloy, M. J. (2002). Human cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) deficiency has a hypercholesterolemic phenotype. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 110(1), 109–117. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI0215387
- Qu, T., Yang, L., Wang, Y., Jiang, B., Shen, M., & Ren, D. (2020). Reduction of serum cholesterol and its mechanism by Lactobacillus plantarum H6 screened from local fermented food products. Food & Function, 11(2), 1397–1409. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO02478F
- Ravussin, Y., Koren, O., Spor, A., Leduc, C., Gutman, R., Stombaugh, J., Knight, R., Ley, R. E., & Leibel, R. L. (2012). Responses of gut microbiota to diet composition and weight loss in lean and obese mice. Obesity, 20(4), 738–747. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2011.111
- Rivera-Chávez, F., Zhang, L. F., Faber, F., Lopez, C. A., Byndloss, M. X., Olsan, E. E., Xu, G., Velazquez, E. M., Lebrilla, C. B., & Winter, S. E. (2016). Depletion of butyrate-producing Clostridia from the gut microbiota drives an aerobic luminal expansion of Salmonella. Cell Host & Microbe, 19(4), 443–454. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.03.004
- Stewart, C. J., Embleton, N. D., Marrs, E. C. L., Smith, D. P., Fofanova, T., Nelson, A., Skeath, T., Perry, J. D., Petrosino, J. F., & Berrington, J. E. (2017). Longitudinal development of the gut microbiome and metabolome in preterm neonates with late onset sepsis and healthy controls. Microbiome, 5(1), 75. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0295-1
- Targher, G., & Byrne, C. D. (2017). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An emerging driving force in chronic kidney disease. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 13(5), 297. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2017.16
- Tsai, -C.-C., Lin, -P.-P., Hsieh, Y.-M., Zhang, Z.-Y., Wu, H.-C., & Huang, -C.-C. (2014). Cholesterol-lowering potentials of lactic acid bacteria based on bile-salt hydrolase activity and effect of potent strains on cholesterol metabolism in vitro and in vivo. The Scientific World Journal, 2014(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/690752
- Wang, G., Huang, W., Xia, Y., Xiong, Z., & Ai, L. (2019). Cholesterol-lowering potentials of Lactobacillus strain overexpression of bile salt hydrolase on high cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemic mice. Food & Function, 10(3), 1684–1695. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1039/C8FO02181C
- Wu, -C.-C., Weng, W.-L., Lai, W.-L., Tsai, H.-P., Liu, W.-H., Lee, M.-H., & Tsai, Y.-C. (2015). Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum strain K21 on high-fat diet-fed obese mice. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/391767
- Zhang, D. D. (2006). Mechanistic studies of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 38(4), 769–789. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03602530600971974
- Zhang, F., Qiu, L., Xu, X., Liu, Z., Zhan, H., Tao, X., Shah, N. P., & Wei, H. (2017). Beneficial effects of probiotic cholesterol-lowering strain of Enterococcus faecium WEFA23 from infants on diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(3), 1618–1628. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11870
- Zhu, M., Kang, Y., & Du, M. (2015). Maternal obesity alters gut microbial ecology in offspring of NOD mice. The FASEB Journal, 29(1_Suppl), 105.103. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/391767