Species composition, abundance and fishing methods of small-scale fisheries in the seagrass meadows of Gazi Bay, Kenya

References

• Anam, R., & Mostrada, E. (2012). Field identification guide to the living marine resources of Kenya. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Rome: FAO.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, S. C., Mills, F. J., Watson, R., & Lotze, H. K. (2011). Rapid global expansion of invertebrate fisheries: Trends, drivers, and ecosystem effects. PloS ONE, 6, e14735. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouillon, S., Dehairs, F., Velimirov, B., Abril, G., & Borges, A. (2007). Dynamics of organic and inorganic carbon across contiguous mangrove and seagrass systems (Gazi Bay, Kenya). Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, 1–14. doi: 10.1029/2006JG000325
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coppejans, E., Beeckman, H., & De Witt M. (1992). The seagrass and associated macroalgal vegetation of Gazi Bay (Kenya). Hydrobiologia. 247: 59–75. doi: 10.1007/BF00008205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullen-Unsworth, L., & Unsworth, R. (2013). Seagrass meadows, ecosystem services, and sustainability. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 55, 14–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Torre-Castro, M., Di Carlo, G., & Jiddawi, N. S. (2014). Seagrass importance for a small-scale fishery in the tropics: The need for seascape management. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 83, 398–407. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Torre-Castro, M., & Ronnback, P. (2004). Links between humans and seagrasses—an example from tropical East Africa. Ocean Coastal Management, 47, 361–387. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2004.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte, C. M. (2002). The future of seagrass meadows. Environmental Conservation, 29, 192–206. doi: 10.1017/S0376892902000127
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte, C. M., Marba, N., Gacia, E., Fourqurean, J. W., Beggins, J., & Barron, C. (2010). Seagrass community metabolism: Assessing the carbon sink capacity of seagrass meadows. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 24, GB4032. doi: 10.1029/2010GB003793
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farina, S., Tomas, F., Prado, P., Romero, J., & Alcoverro, T. (2009). Seagrass meadow structure alters interactions between the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and its predators. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 377, 131–137. doi: 10.3354/meps07692
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulanda, B., Munga, C., Ohtomi, J., Osore, M., Mugo, R., & Hossain, M. Y. (2009). The structure and evolution of the coastal migrant fishery of Kenya. Ocean Coastal Management, 54, 401–414. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2010.12.010
   Google Scholar
• Gell, F. R., & Whittington, M. W. (2002). Diversity of fishes in seagrass beds in the Quirimbas Archipelago, northern Mozambique. Marine and Freshwater Research, 53, 115–121. doi: 10.1071/MF01125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Githaiga, M. N., Kairo, J. G., Gilpin, L., & Huxham, M. (2017). Carbon storage in the seagrass meadows of Gazi Bay, Kenya. PLoS ONE, 12(5), e0177001. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes, I., Erzini, K., & McClanahan, T. R. (2014). Trap modification opens new gates to achieve sustainable coral reef fisheries. Aquatic Conservation: Marine Freshwater Ecosystems, 24, 680–695. doi: 10.1002/aqc.2389
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gullstrom, M., Bodin, M., Nilsson, P. G., & Ohman, M. C. (2008). Seagrass structural complexity and landscape configuration as determinants of tropical fish assemblage composition. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 363, 241–255. doi: 10.3354/meps07427
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gullstrom, M., de la Torre Castro, M., Bandeira, S. O., Bjork, M., Dahlberg, M., Kautsky, N., … Ohman, M. C. (2002). Seagrass ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 31, 588–596. doi: 10.1579/0044-7447-31.7.588
   Google Scholar
• Harcourt, D., Briers, R. A., & Huxham, M. (2018). The thin(ning) green line? Investigating changes in Kenya's seagrass coverage. Biology Letters, 14, 20180227. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heck, K. L., Jr., Carruthers, T. J. B., Duarte, C. M., Hughes, A. R., Kendrick, G., & Orth, R. J. (2008). Trophic transfers from seagrass meadows subsidize diverse marine and terrestrial consumers. Ecosystems, 11, 1198–1210. doi: 10.1007/s10021-008-9155-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hejnowicz, A. P., Kennedy, H., Rudd, M. A., & Huxham, M. R. (2015). Harnessing the climate mitigation, conservation and poverty alleviation potential of seagrasses: Prospects for developing blue carbon initiatives and payment for ecosystem service programmes. Frontier Marine Science, 2, 32.
   Google Scholar
• Hicks, C. C., & McClanahan, T. R. (2012). Assessing gear modifications needed to optimize yields in a heavily exploited, multi-species, seagrass and coral reef fishery. PLoS ONE, 7(5), e36022. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, E. L., Rowden, A. A., & Attrill, M. J. (2001). The importance of seagrass beds as a habitat for fishery species. Oceanography Marine Biology, 39, 269–303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaunda-Arara, B., Rose, G. A., Muchiri, M. S., & Kaka, R. (2003). Long-term trends in coral reef fish yields and exploitation rates of commercial species from coastal Kenya. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 2, 105–116.
   Google Scholar
• Kimani, E. N., Mwatha, G. K., Wakwabi, E. O., Ntiba, J. M., & Okoth, B. K. (1996). Fishes of a shallow tropical mangrove estuary, Gazi, Kenya. Marine and Freshwater Research, 47(7), 857–868. doi: 10.1071/MF9960857
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitheka, J. U., Ohowa, B. O., Mwashote, B. M., Shimbira, W. S., Mwaluma, J. M., &. Kazungu, J. (1996). Water circulation dynamics, water column nutrients and plankton productivity in a well-flushed tropical bay in Kenya. Journal Sea Research, 35, 257–268. doi: 10.1016/S1385-1101(96)90753-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieske, E., & Myers, R. (2001). Coral reef fishes: Indo-pacific and Caribbean. London: Harpecollins, 400 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Maina, G. W., Samoilys, M. A., Alidina, H., & Osuka, K. (2013). Targeted fishing of the shoemaker spinefoot rabbitfish, Siganus sutor, on potential spawning aggregations in southern Kenya. In J. Robinson & M. A. Samoilys (Eds.), Reef fish spawning aggregations in the Western Indian Ocean: Research for management. WIOMSA/SIDA/SFA/CORDIO. WIOMSA Book Series 13
   Google Scholar
• Mangi, S. C., & Roberts, C. M. (2006). Quantifying the environmental impacts of artisanal fishing gear on Kenya’s coral reef ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 52, 1646–1660. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.06.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClanahan, T., Maina, J., & Davies, J. (2005). Perceptions of resource users and managers towards fisheries management options in Kenyan coral reefs. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 12, 105–112. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2004.00431.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClanahan, T. R. (1988). Seasonality in East Africa’s coastal waters. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 44, 191–199. doi: 10.3354/meps044191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClanahan, T. R., & Mangi, S. (2001). The effect of closed area and beach seine exclusion on coral reef fish catches. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 8, 107–121. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2400.2001.00239.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClanahan, T. R. (2008). Malthusian overfishing and efforts to overcome it on Kenyan coral reefs. Ecological Applications, 18(6), 1516–1529. doi: 10.1890/07-0876.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClanahan, T. R., & Abunge, C. A. (2014). Catch rates and income are associated with fisheries management restrictions and not an environmental disturbance, in a heavily exploited tropical fishery. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 513, 201–210. doi: 10.3354/meps10925
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClanahan, T., Allison, E. H., & Cinner, J. E. (2013). Managing fisheries for human and food security. Fish and Fisheries, 16(1), 78–103. doi: 10.1111/faf.12045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClanahan, T. R., & Mangi, S. (2004). Gear-based management of a tropical artisanal fishery based on species selectivity and capture size. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 11, 51–60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2004.00358.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munga, C. N., Okemwa, G. M., Kimani, E. N., Wambiji, N. W., Aura, C. M., Maina, G. W., & Manyala, J. O. (2015). KCDP project. KMFRI research Report No. OCS/FIS/2014–2015/X. 45 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Nordlund, L., Erlandsson, J., De la Torre-Castro, M., & Jiddawi, N. S. (2010). Changes in an East African social-ecological seagrass system: Invertebrate harvesting affecting species composition and local livelihood. Aquatic Living Resources, 23(4), 399–416. doi: 10.1051/alr/2011006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordlund, L. M., Cullen-Unsworth, L. C., Unsworth, R. K. F., & Gullstrom, M. (2018). Global significance of seagrass fishery activity. Fish and Fisheries, 19, 399–412. doi: 10.1111/faf.12259
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochiewo, J. (2004). Changing fisheries practices and their socioeconomic implications in south coast Kenya. Ocean & Coastal Management, 47, 389–408. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2004.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okemwa, G. M., Maina, G. W., Munga, C. N., Mueni, E., Barabara, M. S., Ndegwa, S., … Ntheketha, N. (2017). Managing coastal pelagic fisheries: A case study of the small-scale purse seine fishery in Kenya. Ocean & Coastal Management, 144, 31–39. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.04.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orth, R. J., Carruthers, T. J. B., Dennison, W. C., Duarte, C. M., Fourqurean, J. W., Heck, K. L., & Williams, S. L. (2006). A global crisis for seagrass ecosystems. BioScience, 56, 987–996. doi: 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[987:AGCFSE]2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Rehren, J., Wolff, M., & Jiddawi, D. (2018). Fisheries assessment of Chwaka Bay (Zanzibar) – following a holistic approach. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 34(1), 117–128. doi: 10.1111/jai.13578
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richmond, M. D. (Ed.). (2011). A field guide to the seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands. Dar es salaam: Sida/WIOMSA. 464pp. ISBN 9987-8977-9-7.
   Google Scholar
• Samoilys, M., Pabari, M., Andrew, T., Maina, G. W., Church, J., Momanyi, A., … Mutta, D. (2015). Resilience of coastal systems and their human partners in the Western Indian Ocean. Nairobi: IUCN ESARO, WIOMSA, CORDIO and UNEP Nairobi Convention. x + 74pp.
   Google Scholar
• Samoilys, M. A., Osuka, K., Maina, G. W., & Obura, D. O. (2017). Artisanal fisheries on Kenya’s coral reefs: Decadal trends reveal management needs. Fisheries Research, 186, 177–191. doi: 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.07.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuda, P., Nyaga, W., Maina, G. W., Wanyonyi, I., & Obura, D. (2008). Estimating total fishing effort over tidal to annual periods in the Diani - Chale-Gazi Reef Fishery in Kenya. In D. O. Obura, J. Tamelander, & O. Linden (Eds.), Ten years after bleaching - facing the consequ ences of climate change in the Indian Ocean. CORDIO Status Report 2008. Mombasa: Coastal Oce ans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean/Si da-SAREC.
   Google Scholar
• Tuda, P. M. (2018). Assessing the state and impacts of the artisanal reef fisheries and their management implications in Kenyan south coast (PhD dissertation). University of Bremen. 135 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Tuda, P. M., & Wolff, M. (2015). Evolving trends in the Kenyan artisanal reef fishery and its implications for fisheries management. Ocean Coastal Management, 104, 36–44. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.11.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuda, P. M., Wolff, M., & Breckwoldt, A. (2016). Size structure and gear selectivity of target species in the multispecies, multigear fishery of the Kenyan south coast. Ocean & Coastal Management, 130, 95–106. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unsworth, R. K. F., & Cullen, L. C. (2010). Recognizing the necessity for Indo-Pacific seagrass conservation. Conservation Letters, 3, 63–73. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00101.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unsworth, R. K. F., Nordlund, M. L., & Cullen, U. L. C. (2018). Seagrass meadows support global fisheries production. Conservation Letters, 2, 12566.
   Google Scholar
• Waycott, M., Duarte, C. M., Carruthers, T. J. B., Orth, R. J., Dennison, W. C., Olyarnik, S., … Williams, S. L. (2009). Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 12377–12381. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0905620106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar