409
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Short-term test–retest reliability of the ImPACT in healthy young athletes

, &

References

  • Alsalaheen, B., Stockdale, K., Pechumer, D., & Broglio, S. P. (2016). Measurement error in the immediate postconcussion assessment and cognitive testing (ImPACT): Systematic review. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 31(4), 242–251. doi:10.1097/HTR.0000000000000175
  • Anastasi, A., & Urbina, S. (1997). Psychological testing (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Bahrami, N., Sharma, D., Rosenthal, S., Davenport, E. M., Urban, J. E., Wagner, B., … Maldjian, J. A. (2017). Subconcussive head impact exposure and white matter tract changes over a single season of youth football. Radiology, 281, 919–926. doi:10.1148/radiol.2016160564
  • Bakhos, L. L., Lockhart, G. R., Myers, R., & Linakis, J. G. (2010). Emergency department visits for concussion in young child athletes. Pediatrics, 126(3), e550–e556. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-3101
  • Barker, C., Pistrang, N., & Elliott, R. (2015). Research Methods in Clinical Psychology: An Introduction for Students and Practitioners. Wiley.
  • Bauer, R. M., Iverson, G. L., Cernich, A. N., Binder, L. M., Ruff, R. M., & Naugle, R. I. (2012). Computerized neuropsychological assessment devices: Joint position paper of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology and the National Academy of Neuropsychology. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27, 362–373. doi:10.1093/arclin/acs027
  • Blackmore, S. (2012). Imaging brain development: The adolescent brain. NeuroImage, 61(2), 397–406. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.080
  • Broglio, S. P., Ferrara, M. S., Macciocchi, S. N., Baumgartner, T. A., & Elliott, R. (2007). Test-retest reliability of computerized concussion assessment programs. Journal of Athletic Training, 42(4), 509–514.
  • Collie, A., Darby, D., & Maruff, P. (2001). Computerised cognitive assessment of athletes with sports related head injury. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 35, 297–302. doi:10.1136/bjsm.35.5.297
  • Collie, A., Maruff, P., McStephen, M., & Darby, D. G. (2003). Psychometric issues associated with computerised neuropsychological assessment of concussed athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(6), 556–559. doi:10.1136/bjsm.37.6.556
  • Covassin, T., Elbin, R. J., Stiller-Ostrowski, J. L., & Kontos, A. P. (2009). Immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing (ImPACT) practices of sports medicine professionals. Journal of Athletic Training, 44, 639–644. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-44.6.639
  • Echemendia, R. J., Bruce, J. M., Bailey, C. M., Sanders, J. F., Arnett, P., & Vargas, G. (2012). The utility of post-concussion neuropsychological data in identifying cognitive change following sports-related mTBI in the absence of baseline data. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 26(7), 1077–1091. doi:10.1080/13854046.2012.721006
  • Echemendia, R. J., Herring, S., & Bailes, J. (2009). Who should conduct and interpret the neuropsychological assessment in sports-related concussion? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(Suppl 1), i32–i35. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.058164
  • Echemendia, R. J., Iverson, G. L., McCrea, M., Macciocchi, S. N., Gioia, G. A., Putukian, M., & Comper, P. (2013). Advances in neuropsychological assessment of sport-related concussion. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47, 294–298.
  • Elbin, R. J., Kontos, A. P., Kegel, N., Johnson, E., Burkhart, S., & Schatz, P. (2013). Individual and combined effects of LD and ADHD on computerized neurocognitive concussion test performance: evidence for separate norms. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 28(5), 476–484. doi:10.1093/arclin/act024
  • Elbin, R. J., Schatz, P., & Covassin, T. (2011). One-year test-retest reliability of the online version of ImPACT in high school athletes. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(11), 2319–2324. doi:10.1177/0363546511417173
  • Guskiewicz, K. M., McCrea, M., Marshall, S. W., Cantu, R. C., Randolph, C., Barr, W., … Kelly, J. P. (2003). Cumulative effects associated with recurrent concussion in collegiate football players: The NCAA Concussion Study. JAMA, 290(19), 2549–2555.
  • Hopkins, K. D., & Weeks, D. L. (1990). Tests for normality and measures of skewness and kurtosis: Their place in research reporting. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 50(4), 717–729. doi:10.1177/0013164490504001
  • ImPACT Applications. (2011). Technical Manual: Online ImPACT 2007–2012: ImPACT Applications.
  • Iverson, G. L., Lovell, M. R., & Collins, M. W. (2003). Interpreting change on ImPACT following sport concussion. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17(4), 460–467. doi:10.1076/clin.17.4.460.27934
  • Iverson, G. L., Silverberg, N. D., Mannix, R., Maxwell, B. A., Atkins, J. E., Zafonte, R., & Berkner, P. D. (2015). Factors associated with concussion-like symptom reporting in high school athletes. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(12), 1132–1140. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2374
  • Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59(1), 12–19. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12
  • Karlin, A. M. (2011). Concussion in the pediatric and adolescent population: “different population, different concerns.” PM&R, 3(10 Suppl 2), S369–S379. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.07.015
  • Kegel, N. E., & Lovell, M. R. (2012). Methods of formal neurocognitive assessment of concussion. In J. N. Apps, & K. D. Walter (Eds.), Pediatric and adolescent concussion: Diagnosis, management and outcome (pp. 117–131): New York, NY: Spinger Science + Business Media.
  • Kirkwood, M. W., Yeates, K. O., & Wilson, P. E. (2006). Pediatric sport-related concussion: A review of the clinical management of an oft-neglected population. Pediatrics, 117(4), 1359–1371. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0994
  • Langlois, J. A., & Rutland-Brown, W. M. M. (2006). The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury: A brief overview. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 21(5), 375–378. doi:10.1097/00001199-200609000-00001
  • Lenroot, R. K., & Giedd, J. N. (2010). Sex differences in the adolescent brain. Brain and Cognition, 72(1), 46–55. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2009.10.008
  • Lovell, M. R. (2002). The relevance of neuropsychologic testing for sports-related head injuries. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 1(1), 7–11. doi:10.1249/00149619-200202000-00003
  • Lovell, M. R., & Collins, M. W. (2002). ImPACT: The best approach to concussion management, Version 2.1 User's Manual. Pittsburgh, PA.
  • Lovell, M. R., Collins, M. W., Podell, K., Powell, J. W., & Maroon, J. (2007). ImPACT: Immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing. Pittsburgh, PA: NeuroHealth Systems, LLC.
  • Lovell, M. R., Iverson, G. L., Collins, M. W., Podell, K., Johnston, K. M., Pardini, D., … Maroon, J. C. (2006). Measurement of symptoms following sports-related concussion: reliability and normative data for the Post-Concussion Scale. Applied Neuropsychology, 13(3), 166–174. doi:10.1207/s15324826an1303_4
  • Mayers, L. B., & Redick, T. S. (2012). Clinical utility of ImPACT assessment for postconcussion return-to-play counseling: psychometric issues. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 34(3), 235–242. doi:10.1080/13803395.2011.630655
  • McCrea, M., Guskiewicz, K., Randolph, C., Barr, W. B., Hammeke, T. A., Marshall, S. W., … Kelly, J. P. (2013). Incidence, clinical course, and predictors of prolonged recovery time following sport-related concussion in high school and college athletes. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 19(1), 22–33. doi:10.1017/S1355617712000872
  • McCrory, P., Collie, A., Anderson, V., & Davis, G. (2004). Can we manage sport related concussion in children the same as in adults?. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38, 516–519. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2004.014811
  • McCrory, P., Johnston, K., Meeuwisse, W., Aubry, M., Cantu, R., Dvorak, J., … Schamasch, P. (2005). Summary and agreement statement of the 2nd international conference on concussion in sport, Prague 2004. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 196–204. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.018614
  • McCrory, P., Meeuwisse, W., Johnston, K., Dvorak, J., Aubry, M., Molloy, M., & Cantu, R. (2009). Consensus statement on concussion in sport: The 3rd international conference on concussion in sport. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 16, 755–763.
  • McCrory, P., Meeuwisse, W. H., Aubry, M., Cantu, B., Dvorak, J., Echemendia, R. J., … Turner, M. (2013). Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(5), 250–258. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092313
  • Meehan, W. P., d’Hemecourt, P., Collins, C. L., Taylor, A. M., & Comstock, R. D. (2012). Computerized neurocognitive testing for the management of sport-related concussions. Pediatrics, 129(1), 38–44. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1972
  • Merrill, R. M., Lyon, J. L., Baker, R. K., & Gren, L. H. (2009). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and increased risk of injury. Advances in Medical Sciences, 54(1), 20. doi:10.2478/v10039-009-0022-7
  • Moser, R. S., Schatz, P., Grosner, E., & Kollias, K. (2016). One year test-retest reliability of neurocognitive baseline scores in 10- to 12-year olds. Applied Neuropsychology: Child. doi:10.1080/21622965.2016.1138310
  • Moser, R. S., Schatz, P., & Lichtenstein, J. D. (2015). The importance of proper administration and interpretation of neuropsychological baseline and postconcussion computerized testing. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 4, 41–48. doi:10.1080/21622965.2013.791825
  • Moser, R. S., Schatz, P., Neidzwski, K., & Ott, S. D. (2011). Group versus individual administration affects baseline neurocognitive test performance. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(11), 2325–2330. doi:10.1177/0363546511417114
  • Nelson, L. D., La Roche, A. A., Pfaller, A. Y., Lerner, E. B., Hammeke, T. A., Randolph, C., … McCrea, M. A. (2016). Prospective, head-to-head study of three computerized neurocognitive assessment tools (CNTs): Reliability and validity for the assessment of sport-related concussion. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 22, 24–37. doi:10.1017/S1355617715001101
  • Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation. (2014). Guidelines for diagnosing and managing pediatric concussion. Retrieved from Toronto, ON.
  • Randolph, C. (2011). Baseline neuropsychological testing in managing sport-related concussion: Does it modify risk? Current Sports Medicine Reports, 10(1), 21–26. doi:1537-890x/1001/21Y26
  • Ransom, D. M., Vaughan, C. G., Pratson, L., Sady, M. D., McGill, C. A., & Gioia, G. A. (2015). Academic effects of concussion in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 135(6), 1043–1050. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-3434
  • Resch, J. E., Macciocchi, S. N., & Ferrara, M. S. (2013). Preliminary evidence of equivalence of alternate forms of the ImPACT. Clinical Neuropsychology, 27(8), 1265–1280. doi:10.1080/13854046.2013.845247
  • Resch, J. E., McCrea, M. A., & Cullum, C. M. (2013). Computerized neurocognitive testing in the management of sport-related concussion: An update. Neuropsychology Review, 23(4), 335–349. doi:10.1007/s11065-013-9242-5
  • Reynolds, E., Fazio, V. C., Sandel, N., Schatz, P., & Henry, L. C. (2016). Cognitive development and the immediate postconcussion assessment and cognitive testing: A case for separate norms in preadolescents. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 5(4), 283–293. doi:10.1080/21622965.2015.1057637
  • Schatz, P. (2010). Long-term test-retest reliability of baseline cognitive assessments using ImPACT. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(1), 47–53. doi:10.1177/0363546509343805
  • Schatz, P., & Robertshaw, S. (2014). Comparing post-concussive neurocognitive test data to normative data presents risks for under-classifying “above average” athletes. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 29(7), 625–632. doi:10.1093/arclin/acu041
  • Tsushima, W. T., Geling, O., Arnold, M., & Oshiro, R. (2016). Are there subconcussive neuropsychological effects in youth sports? An exploratory study of high- and low-contact sports. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 5(2), 149–155. doi:10.1080/21622965.2015.1052813
  • Wechsler, D. (2003). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  • Wechsler, D. (2008). WAIS-IV: Technical and interpretive manual. San Antonio, TX: Pearson.
  • Weir, J. P. (2005). Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(1), 231–240. doi:10.1519/15184.1

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.