Level of food safety knowledge among hospitality professionals: an empirical investigation from India

References

• Abdelwahed, N. A. A., Soomro, B. A., & Shah, N. (2022). Climate change and pro-environmental behaviours: the significant environmental challenges of livelihoods. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 33(5), 1187-1206.
   Google Scholar
• Abdullah Sani, N., & Siow O. N. (2014). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers on food safety in food service operations at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Food Control, 37(1), 210-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.09.036
   Google Scholar
• Addo-Tham, R., Appiah-Brempong, E., Vampere, H., Acquah-gyan, E., & Gyimah Akwasi, A. (2020). Knowledge on food safety and food-handling practices of street food vendors in ejisu-Juaben Municipality of ghana. Advances in Public Health, 2020, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4579573
   Google Scholar
• Admasu, M., & Kelbessa, W. (2018). Food safety knowledge, handling practice and associated factors among food handlers of hotels/ restaurants in Asosa Town, North Western ethiopia. SM Journal of Public Health and epidemiology, 4(1), 1051.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, M. H., Akbar, A., & Sadiq, M. B. (2021). Cross sectional study on food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food handlers in Lahore district, Pakistan. Heliyon, 7(11), e08420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akabanda, F., Hlortsi, E. H., & Owusu-Kwarteng, J. (2017). Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of institutional food-handlers in ghana. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3986-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Akash, H., Abu Arrah, A., Bhatti, F., Maabreh, R., & Abu Arrah, R. (2022). The effect of food safety training programs on food safety knowledge and practices in hotels’ and hospitals’ food services. Italian Journal of Food Safety, 11(1), 9914. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2022.9914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Banna, M. H., Khan, M. S. I., Rezyona, H., Seidu, A. A., Abid, M. T., Ara, T., Kundu, S., Ahinkorah, B. O., Hagan, J. E., Jr, Tareq, M. A., Begum, M. R., Chowdhury, M. F. T., & Schack, T. (2022). Assessment of food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of food service staff in Bangladeshi Hospitals: A cross-sectional study. Nutrients, 14(12), 2540. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, S. M., Moktadir, M. A., Kabir, G., Chakma, J., Rumi, M. J. U., & Islam, M. T. (2019). Framework for evaluating risks in food supply chain: Implications in food wastage reduction. Journal of Cleaner Production, 228, 786-800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almansouri, M., Verkerk, R., Fogliano, V., & Luning, P. A. (2022). The heritage food concept and its authenticity risk factors-Validation by culinary professionals. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 28, 100523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Shabib, N. A., Mosilhey, S. H., & Husain, F. M. (2016). Cross-sectional study on food safety knowledge, attitude and practices of male food handlers employed in restaurants of King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Food Control, 59, 212-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aluh, D. O., Nworie, K. M., & Aluh, F. O. (2021). Food safety knowledge and self-reported practices among adolescents in rural secondary schools in Nigeria. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 33(5), 20180252. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2018-0252
   Google Scholar
• Amegah, K. E., Addo, H. O., Ashinyo, M. E., Fiagbe, L., Akpanya, S., Akoriyea, S. K., & Dubik, S. D. (2020). Determinants of hand hygiene practice at critical times among food handlers in educational institutions of the Sagnarigu Municipality of ghana: A cross-sectional study. Environmental Health Insights, 14, 1178630220960418. https://doi.org/10.1177/1178630220960418
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assefa, T., Tasew, H., Wondafrash, B., & Beker, J. (2015). Assessment of bacterial hand contamination and associated factors among food handlers working in the student cafeterias of Jimma Main Campus, Jimma, south-west ethiopia. Journal of Community Medicine and Health Education, 5(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000345
   Google Scholar
• Aquino, H. V. A., Yap, T., Lacap, J. P. G., Tuazon, G., & Flores, M. (2021). Food safety knowledge, attitudes, practices and training of fast-food restaurant food handlers: a moderation analysis. British Food Journal, 123(12), 3824-3840. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-01-2021-0026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azanaw, J., Dagne, H., Andualem, Z., & Adane, T. (2021). Food safety knowledge, attitude, and practice of college students, ethiopia, 2019: A cross-sectional study. BioMed Research International, 2021, 6686392. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6686392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azanaw, J., Gebrehiwot, M., & Dagne, H. (2019). Factors associated with food safety practices among food handlers: facility-based cross-sectional study. BMC Research Notes, 12, 1-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baş, M., Ersun, A.Ş., & Kıvanc, G. (2006). The evaluation of food hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food handlers in food businesses in Turkey. Food Control, 17(4), 317-322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bender, K. E., Badiger, A., Roe, B. E., Shu, Y., & Qi, D. (2022). Consumer behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of food purchasing and management behaviors in U.S. households through the lens of food system resilience. Socio-economic Planning Sciences, 82(A), 101107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2021.101107
   Google Scholar
• Bisht, A., Kamble, M., Choudhary, P., Chaturvedi, K., Kohli, G., Juneja, V. K., Sehgal, S., & Taneja, N. K. (2021). A surveillance of food borne disease outbreaks in India: 2009-2018. Food Control, 121, 107630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107630
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomfield, S. F., Rook, G. A., Scott, E. A., Shanahan, F., Stanwell-Smith, R., & Turner, P. (2016). Time to abandon the hygiene hypothesis: new perspectives on allergic disease, the human microbiome, infectious disease prevention and the role of targeted hygiene. Perspectives in Public Health, 136(4), 213-224. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757913916650225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, Y., Zhang, Y., Ma, J., & Zhan, S. (2017). Food safety knowledge, attitude and self-reported practice of secondary school students in Beijing, China: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 12(11), 0187208. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtney, S. M., Majowicz, S. E., & Dubin, J. A. (2016). Food safety knowledge of undergraduate students at a Canadian university: results of an online survey. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3818-y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dewi, N. W. B. P., Ernawati, N. M., & Mudana, I. G. (2021). Courtyard by Marriott Bali Nusa Dua Resort: A support for employee productivity during the Covid-19 pandemic. Jurnal Bali Membangun Bali, 2(1), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.51172/jbmb.v2i1.154
   Google Scholar
• Dudeja, P., Singh, A., Sahni, N., Kaur, S., & Goel, S. (2017). effectiveness of an intervention package on knowledge, attitude, and practices of food handlers in a tertiary care hospital of north India: A before and after comparison study. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 73(1), 49-53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Egan, M. B., Raats, M. M., Grubb, S. M., Eves, A., Lumbers, M. L., Dean, M. S., & Adams, M. R. (2007). A review of food safety and food hygiene training studies in the commercial sector. Food Control, 18(10), 1180-1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2006.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellinda-Patra, M. W., Dewanti-Hariyadi, R., & Nurtama, B. (2020). Modeling of food safety knowledge, attitude, and behaviour characteristics. Food Research, 4(4), 1045-1052. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(4).375
   Google Scholar
• Dudeja, P., Singh, A., Sahni, N., Kaur, S., & Goel, S. (2017). effectiveness of an intervention package on knowledge, attitude, and practices of food handlers in a tertiary care hospital of north India: A before and after comparison study. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 73(1), 49-53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Egan, M. B., Raats, M. M., Grubb, S. M., Eves, A., Lumbers, M. L., Dean, M. S., & Adams, M. R. (2007). A review of food safety and food hygiene training studies in the commercial sector. Food Control, 18(10), 1180-1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2006.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellinda-Patra, M. W., Dewanti-Hariyadi, R., & Nurtama, B. (2020). Modeling of food safety knowledge, attitude, and behaviour characteristics. Food Research, 4(4), 1045-1052. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(4).375
   Google Scholar
• Giritlioglu, I., Batman, O., & Tetik, N. (2011). The knowledge and practice of food safety and hygiene of cookery students in Turkey. Food Control, 22(6), 838-842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.09.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes-Neves, E., Cardoso, C. S., Araujo, A. C., & Correia da Costa, J. M. (2011). Meat handlers training in Portugal: a survey on knowledge and practice. Food Control, 22(3-4), 501-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.09.036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grace, D. (2015). Food safety in low- and middle-income countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(9), 10490-10507. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120910490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, E. J., & Knechtges, P. L. (2015). Food safety knowledge and practices of young adults. Journal of Environmental Health, 77(10), 18-24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruenfeldova, J., Domijan, K., & Walsh, C. (2019). A study of food safety knowledge, practice and training among food handlers in Ireland. Food Control, 105, 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.05.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halwani, A. A., Balkhi, B., Alamoudi, A. A., Almozain, N. H., Alajmi, A. M., Noorwali, A., Badr, M. Y., Noor, A. O., Bagalagel, A., & Tawfik, E. A. (2023). Current status and vision of local pharmaceutical industries in Saudi Arabia: The focus on nanomedicines. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 31(8), 101674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2023.06.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasan, A. M. R., Smith, G., Rashid, M. H., Selim, M. A., & Rasheed, S. (2021). Promoting healthy foods among urban school children in Bangladesh: a qualitative inquiry of the challenges and opportunities. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1029. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11085-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan, H. F., & Dimassi, H. (2014). Food safety and handling knowledge and practices of Lebanese university students. Food Control, 40(1), 127-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.11.040
   Google Scholar
• Her, E. S., Seo, S., Choi, J., Pool, V., & Ilic, S. (2019). Assessment of food safety at university food courts using surveys, observations, and microbial testing. Food Control, 103, 167-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jevšnik, M., Hlebec, V., & Raspor, P. (2008). Food safety knowledge and practices among food handlers in Slovenia. Food Control,19, 1107-1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.11.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jevšnik, M., Kirbiš, A., Vadnjal, S., Jamnikar-Ciglenečki, U., Ovca, A., & Kavčič, M. (2023). Food safety knowledge among professional food handlers in Slovenia: the results of a nation-wide survey. Foods, 12(14), 2735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jevšnik, M., & Raspor, P. (2020). The human factor as a trigger of food safety culture within food networks: The review. Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica, 36, 115-131.
   Google Scholar
• Kambhampati, L. L. A. (2013). Improving food safety through prevention: CDC’s Food Safety Prevention Status Report. CDC Environment Health Service Branch, 79(2), 46-48.
   Google Scholar
• Ko, W.-H. (2011). Food sanitation knowledge, attitude, and behavior for the university restaurants employees. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(7), 744-750. https://doi.org/10.4236/FNS.2011.27102
   Google Scholar
• Kota, N. M. K., Gunupati, S., Munagapati, S., Chadipiralla, K., Kumuda, M. V., Subramanyam, M., Srivalli, P., & Allam, U. S. (2022). KAP analysis on food safety among university students of south India. International Journal of Food Nutrition Science, 11, 27-33.
   Google Scholar
• Kwol, V. S., Avci, T., Eluwole, K. K., & Dalhatu, A. (2020). Food safety knowledge and hygienic-sanitary control: A needed company for public well-being. Journal of Public Affairs, 20(3), e2067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazou, T., Georgiadis, M., Pentieva, K., McKevitt, A., & Iossidou, E. (2012). Food safety knowledge and food-handling practices of greek university students: A questionnaire-based survey. Food Control, 28(2), 400-411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M. H. (2006). A study of knowledge and behavior of elementary school students’ green consumption in Pingtung Country. Doctoral dissertation, National Pingtung University of education, Pingtung, Taiwan.
   Google Scholar
• Li, S. Q. (2002). The impact of family factor on family green consumption tendency. Doctoral dissertation, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
   Google Scholar
• Limon, M. R. (2021). Food safety practices of food handlers at home engaged in online food businesses during COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. Current Research in Food Science, 4, 63-73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin, Y. K. (2001). A study on the knowledge, attitude and practice of green consumption on adolescents and youth. Doctoral dissertation, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Z., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Feng, Y., Liu, J., & Zhu, H. (2023). Artificial intelligence in food safety: A decade review and bibliometric analysis. Foods, 12(6), 1242. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12061242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, X., Xu, X., Chen, H., Bai, R., Zhang, Y., Hou, X., Zhang, F., Zhang, Y., Sharma, M., Zeng, H., & Zhao, Y. (2019). Food safety related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among the students from nursing, education and medical college in Chongqing, China. Food Control, 95, 181-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maragoni-Santos, C., Serrano Pinheiro de Souza, T., Matheus, J. R. V., de Brito Nogueira, T. B., Xavier-Santos, D., Miyahira, R. F., Costa Antunes, A. E., & Fai, A. E. C. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic sheds light on the importance of food safety practices: risks, global recommendations, and perspectives. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 62(20), 5569-5581. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1887078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohanty, P. P., Tiwari, S., & Balakrishnan Nair, B. (2024). Analysing food innovation drivers: chefs’ perspectives. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology, 22(1), 178-195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mshelia, A. B., Osman, M., & Misni, N. B. (2022). A cross-sectional study design to determine the prevalence of knowledge, attitude, and the preventive practice of food poisoning and its factors among postgraduate students in a public university in Selangor, Malaysia. PLoS ONE, 17(1), 0262313. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262313
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mun, S. G. (2020). The effects of ambient temperature changes on food-borne illness outbreaks associated with the restaurant industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 85, 102432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102432
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndraha, N., Hsiao, H.-I., Vlajic, J., Yang, M.-F., & Lin, H.-TV. (2018). Time-temperature abuse in the food cold chain: Review of issues, challenges, and recommendations. Food Control, 89, 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.01.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nivethitha R., Vishnupriya, V., & Gayathri, R. (2019). Awareness on food safety knowledge among college students - A survey. Drug Invention Today, 11(9), 2306-2308.
   Google Scholar
• Ncube, F., Kanda, A., Chijokwe, M., Mabaya, G., & Nyamugure, T. (2020). Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of restaurant food handlers in a lower-middle-income country. Food Science & Nutrition, 8(3), 1677-1687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyalo, M. (2020). Relationship between knowledge, attitudes and practices on food safety among food handlers in Nairobi, Kenya: A case study of a teaching and referral hospital. PhD thesis. United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
   Google Scholar
• Nyamakwere, F., Muchenje, V., Mushonga, B., Kandiwa, E., Makepe, M., & Mutero, G. (2016). evaluation of meat safety knowledge, attitudes and practices among slaughterhouse workers of Amathole District in eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Journal of Food Safety and Hygiene, 3(1/2), 7-15.
   Google Scholar
• Odeyemi, O. A., Abdullah Sani, N., Obadina, A. O., Saba, C. K. S., Bamidele, F. A., Abughoush, M., Asghar, A., Dongmo, F. F. D., Macer, D., & Aberoumand, A. (2019). Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices among consumers in developing countries: An international survey. Food Research International, 116, 1386-1390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odonkor, S. T., & Odonkor, C. J. (2020). An assessment of food safety knowledge and practices in the ghanaian hospitality industry. Journal of Food Quality, 2020, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5618492
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osaili, T. M., Obeidat, B. A., Jamous, D. O. A., & Bawadi, H. A. (2011). Food safety knowledge and practices among college female students in north of Jordan. Food Control, 22(2), 269-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.07.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pichler, J., Ziegler, J., Aldrian, U., & Allerberger, F. (2014). evaluating levels of knowledge on food safety among food handlers from restaurants and various catering businesses in Vienna, Austria 2011/2012. Food Control, 35, 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.06.034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian, C., Murphy, S. I., Orsi, R. H., & Wiedmann, M. (2023). How can AI help improve food safety? Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 14(1), 517-538. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-060721-013815
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rahman, M. A., Flora, M., Rahman, M., & Billah, M. (2018). Food-borne illness surveillance and etiology of diarrhea in Bangladesh. International Proceedings, 4(1), e10605. https://doi.org/10.2196/10605
   Google Scholar
• Rakshna, M., Parasuraman, G., Rakshna, M., Dutta, R., & Jain, T. (2021). A study on the knowledge, attitude and practices of food hygiene among school going children aged between 11 to 15 years in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health, 23, 232-385. https://doi.org/10.36295/asro.2020.232385
   Google Scholar
• Rebouças, L. T., Santiago, L. B., Martins, L. S., Rios Menezes, A. C., Araujo, P. N., & Almeida, R. C. (2017). Food safety knowledge and practices of food handlers, head chefs and managers in hotels’ restaurants of Salvador, Brazil. Food Control, 73(1205), 372-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.08.026
   Google Scholar
• Redmond, E., Ilic, S., Quinlan, J. J., Osaili, T. M., Saeed, B. Q., Taha, S., Adrees, A. O., & Hasan, F. (2022). Knowledge, practices, and risk perception associated with food-borne illnesses among females living in Dubai, United Arab emirates. Foods, 11(3), 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11030290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanlier, N., & Konaklioglu, E. (2012). Food safety knowledge, attitude and food handling practices of students. British Food Journal, 114(4), 469-480. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070701211219504
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, J. R. A. (1999). Cronbach’s alpha: A tool for assessing the reliability of scales. Journal of Extension, 37(2), 1-5.
   Google Scholar
• Sayuti, Y. A., Albattat, A., Ariffin, A. Z., Nazrin, N. S., & Silahudeen, T. N. A. (2020). Food safety knowledge, attitude, practices among management and science university students, Shah Alam. Management Science Letters, 10(4), 929-936. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.10.002
   Google Scholar
• Shafie, A. A., & Azman, A. W. (2015). Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of food allergies among food handlers in the state of Penang, Malaysia. Public Health, 129(9), 1278-1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.03.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smigic, N., Antic, D., Blagojevic, B., Tomasevic, I., & Djekic, I. (2016). The level of food safety knowledge among meat handlers. British Food Journal, 118, 9-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-05-2015-0185
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smigic, N., Djekic, I., Martins, M. L., Rocha, A., Sidiropoulou, N., & Kalogianni, E. P. (2016). The level of food safety knowledge in food establishments in three european countries. Food Control, 63(6), 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.017
   Google Scholar
• Soon, J. M., Baines, R., & Seaman, P. (2012). Meta-analysis of food safety training on hand hygiene knowledge and attitudes among food handlers. Journal of Food Protection, 75(4), 793-804. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stratev, D., Odeyemi, O. A., Pavlov, A., Kyuchukova, R., Fatehi, F., & Bamidele, F. A. (2017). Food safety knowledge and hygiene practices among veterinary medicine students at Trakia University, Bulgaria. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 10(6), 778-782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2016.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taha, S., Osaili, T. M., Saddal, N. K., Al-Nabulsi, A. A., Ayyash, M. M., & Obaid, R. S. (2020). Food safety knowledge among food handlers in food service establishments in United Arab emirates. Food Control, 110, 106968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106968
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeda, S., Akamatsu, R., Horiguchi, I., & Marui, E. (2011). Relationship among food-safety knowledge, beliefs, and risk-reduction behavior in university students in Japan. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 43(6), 449-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2010.08.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Temeche, M., Satheesh, N., & Kumela, D. (2017). Food safety knowledge, practice and attitude of food handlers in traditional hotels of Jimma town, southern ethiopia. Annals of Food Science and Tehnology, 17(2), 507-517.
   Google Scholar
• Wambui, J., Karuri, E., Lamuka, P., & Matofari, J. (2017). good hygiene practices among meat handlers in small and medium enterprise slaughterhouses in Kenya. Food Control , 81, 34-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.05.036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2015). WHO estimates of the global Burden of Food-borne Diseases: Food-borne Disease Burden epidemiology Reference group 2007-2015.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). COVID-19 and food safety: guidance for food businesses: interim guidance. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/covid-19-and-food-safety-guidance-for-food-businesses
   Google Scholar
• Yenealem, D. G., Yallew, W. W., & Abdulmajid, S. (2020). Food safety practice and associated factors among meat handlers in gondar town: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7421745
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, I., Waddell, L. A., Wilhelm, B. J., & Greig, J. (2020). A systematic review and meta-regression of single group, pre-post studies evaluating food safety education and training interventions for food handlers. Food Research International, 128, 108711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, H., Ma, J., Liu, P., & Sirsat, S. A. (2020). Investigating the effects of explanatory-based food safety training: A model of domain knowledge theory perspective. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 91, 102688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102688
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar