The Influence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Other Related Factors upon Health-Related Quality of Life in Women of Reproductive Age: A Case-Control Study

References

• Açmaz, G., Albayrak, E., Acmaz, B., Başer, M., Soyak, M., Zararsız, G., & İpekMüderris, İ. (2013). Level of anxiety, depression, self-esteem, social anxiety, and quality of life among the women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The Scientific World Journal, 2013, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/851815
   Google Scholar
• Ahmadi, A., Akbarzadeh, M., Mohammadi, F., Akbari, M., Jafari, B., & Tolide-Ie, H. R. (2013). Anthropometric characteristics and dietary pattern of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17(4), 672–676. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.113759
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ainsworth, B. E., Haskell, W. L., Herrmann, S. D., Meckes, N., Bassett, D. R., Tudor-Locke, C., Greer, J. L., Vezina, J., Whitt-Glover, M. C., & Leon, A. S. (2011). 2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: A second update of codes and MET values. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(8), 1575–1581. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31821ece12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Álvarez-Blasco, F., Luque-Ramírez, M., & Escobar-Morreale, H. F. (2011). Diet composition and physical activity in overweight and obese premenopausal women with or without polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecological Endocrinology, 27(12), 978–981. https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2011.579658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amiri, M., Bidhendi Yarandi, R., Nahidi, F., Tohidi, M., & Ramezani Tehrani, F. (2019). The relationship between clinical and biochemical characteristics and quality of life in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clinical Endocrinology, 90(1), 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annagür, B. B., Tazegül, A., & Akbaba, N. (2014). Body image, self-esteem and depressive symptomatology in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Noro psikiyatri arsivi, 51(2), 129–132. https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.y6778
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Asdaq, S. M. B., Jomah, S., Hasan, R., Al-Baroudi, D., Alharbi, M., Alsubaie, S., Buhamad, M. H., Alyahya, B., & Al-Yamani, M. J. (2020). Impact of polycystic ovary syndrome on eating behavior, depression and health related quality of life: A cross-sectional study in Riyadh. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27(12), 3342–3347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balen, A. (1995). Polycystic ovarian syndrome: The spectrum of the disorder in 1741 patients. Human Reproduction, 10, 2705–2712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banting, L. K., Gibson-Helm, M., Polman, R., Teede, H. J., & Stepto, N. K. (2014). Physical activity and mental health in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. BMC Women’s Health, 14(1), 1–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnard, L., Ferriday, D., Guenther, N., Strauss, B., Balen, A. H., & Dye, L. (2007). Quality of life and psychological well being in polycystic ovary syndrome. Human Reproduction, 22(8), 2279–2286. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazarganipour, F., Ziaei, S., Montazeri, A., Foroozanfard, F., Kazemnejad, A., & Faghihzadeh, S. (2013). Body image satisfaction and self-esteem status among the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 11(10), 829.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bazarganipour, F., Ziaei, S., Montazeri, A., Foroozanfard, F., Kazemnejad, A., & Faghihzadeh, S. (2014). Health‐related quality of life in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A model‐based study of predictive factors. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 11(4), 1023–1032. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benetti-Pinto, C. L., Ferreira, S. R., Antunes, A., & Yela, D. A. (2015). The influence of body weight on sexual function and quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 291(2), 451–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-014-3423-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigaard, J., Spanggaard, I., Thomsen, B. L., Overvad, K., & Tjønneland, A. (2005). Self-reported and technician-measured waist circumferences differ in middle-aged men and women. The Journal of Nutrition, 135(9), 2263–2270. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.9.2263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biro, F. M., Striegel-Moore, R. H., Franko, D. L., Padgett, J., & Bean, J. A. (2006). Self-esteem in adolescent females. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(4), 501–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonheur, B., & Young, S. W. (1991). Exercise as a health-promoting lifestyle choice. Applied Nursing Research, 4(1), 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0897-1897(05)80045-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boyle, J. A., Cunningham, J., O’Dea, K., Dunbar, T., & Norman, R. J. (2012). Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a sample of Indigenous women in Darwin, Australia. The Medical Journal of Australia, 196(1), 62–66. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja11.10553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton, N. W., Brown, W., & Dobson, A. (2010). Accuracy of body mass index estimated from self‐reported height and weight in mid‐aged Australian women. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 34(6), 620–623. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00618.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu, D.-T., Minh Nguyet, N. T., Nga, V. T., Thai Lien, N. V., Vo, D. D., Lien, N., Nhu Ngoc, V. T., Son, L. H., Le, D.-H., Nga, V. B., Van Tu, P., Van To, T., Ha, L. S., Tao, Y., & Pham, V.-H. (2019). An update on obesity: Mental consequences and psychological interventions. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome, 13(1), 155–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2018.07.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffey, S., Bano, G., & Mason, H. D. (2006). Health-related quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A comparison with the general population using the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Questionnaire (PCOSQ) and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Gynecological Endocrinology, 22(2), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590600604541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colwell, K., Lujan, M. E., Lawson, K. L., Pierson, R. A., & Chizen, D. R. (2010). Women’s perceptions of polycystic ovary syndrome following participation in a clinical research study: Implications for knowledge, feelings, and daily health practices. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 32(5), 453–459. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1701-2163(16)34499-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Costa, E. C., De Sá, J. C. F., Stepto, N. K., Costa, I. B. B., Farias Junior, L. F., Moreira, S. D. N. T., Soares, E. M. M., Lemos, T. M. A. M., Browne, R. A. V., & Azevedo, G. D. (2018). Aerobic training improves quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 50(7), 1357–1366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cott, C. A., Gignac, M. A., & Badley, E. M. (1999). Determinants of self rated health for Canadians with chronic disease and disability. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 53(11), 731–736. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.53.11.731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronin, L., Guyatt, G., Griffith, L., Wong, E., Azziz, R., Futterweit, W., Cook, D., & Dunaif, A. (1998). Development of a health-related quality-of-life questionnaire (PCOSQ) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 83(6), 1976–1987. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.6.4990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler, D. A., Pride, S. M., & Cheung, A. P. (2019). Low intakes of dietary fiber and magnesium are associated with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome: A cohort study. Food Science & Nutrition, 7(4), 1426–1437. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delacre, M., Lakens, D., & Leys, C. (2017). Why psychologists should by default use Welch’s t-test instead of Student’s t-test. International Review of Social Psychology, 30(1), 92–101. https://doi.org/10.5334/irsp.82
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dokras, A., Stener-Victorin, E., Yildiz, B. O., Li, R., Ottey, S., Shah, D., Epperson, N., & Teede, H. (2018). Androgen Excess-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society: Position statement on depression, anxiety, quality of life, and eating disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and Sterility, 109(5), 888–899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, C. C., Norris, L. E., Oster, R. A., Darnell, B. E., Azziz, R., & Gower, B. A. (2006). Difference in dietary intake between women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy controls. Fertility and Sterility, 86(2), 411–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.12.054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drosdzol, A., Skrzypulec, V., Mazur, B., & Pawlińska-Chmara, R. (2007). Quality of life and marital sexual satisfaction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica, 45(I), S93–S97.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eichenberger, P. A., Diener, S. N., Kofmehl, R., & Spengler, C. M. (2013). Effects of exercise training on airway hyperreactivity in asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 43(11), 1157–1170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0077-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enders, C. K., & Bandalos, D. L. (2001). The relative performance of full information maximum likelihood estimation for missing data in structural equation models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 8(3), 430–457. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0803_5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ESHRE, & ASRM Group. (2004). Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and Sterility, 81(1), 19–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Froom, P., Melamed, S., Kristal-Boneh, E., Benbassat, J., & Ribak, J. (1999). Healthy volunteer effect in industrial workers. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 52(8), 731–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00070-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller, J. T., Hartland, M. C., Maloney, L. T., & Davison, K. (2018). Therapeutic effects of aerobic and resistance exercises for cancer survivors: A systematic review of meta-analyses of clinical trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(20), 1311–1311. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandek, B., Ware, J. E., Aaronson, N. K., Apolone, G., Bjorner, J. B., Brazier, J. E., Bullinger, M., Kaasa, S., Leplege, A., Prieto, L., & Sullivan, M. (1998). Cross-validation of item selection and scoring for the SF-12 Health Survey in nine countries: Results from the IQOLA project. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51(11), 1171–1178. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00109-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorber, S. C., Tremblay, M., Moher, D., & Gorber, B. (2007). A comparison of direct vs. self‐report measures for assessing height, weight and body mass index: A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 8(4), 307–326. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2007.00347.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gov. UK. (2022). Women’s Health Strategy for England (cited November 2023). Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/womens-health-strategy-for-england/womens-health-strategy-for-england
   Google Scholar
• Grimm, P. (2010). Social desirability bias. In J. N. Sheth & N. K. Malhorta (Eds.), Wiley international encyclopedia of marketing. John Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Grubbs, L., & Carter, J. (2002). The relationship of perceived benefits and barriers to reported exercise behaviors in college undergraduates. Family & Community Health, 25(2), 76–84. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003727-200207000-00009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagströmer, M., Oja, P., & Sjöström, M. (2006). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): A study of concurrent and construct validity. Public Health Nutrition, 9(6), 755–762. https://doi.org/10.1079/phn2005898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesketh, K., Wake, M., & Waters, E. (2004). Body mass index and parent-reported self-esteem in elementary school children: Evidence for a causal relationship. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 28(10), 1233–1237. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchison, S. K., Stepto, N. K., Harrison, C. L., Moran, L. J., Strauss, B. J., & Teede, H. J. (2011). Effects of exercise on insulin resistance and body composition in overweight and obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 96(1), E48–E56. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-0828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janz, N. K., & Becker, M. H. (1984). The health belief model: A decade later. Health Education Quarterly, 11(1), 1–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818401100101
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones, G. L., Benes, K., Clark, T. L., Denham, R., Holder, M. G., Haynes, T. J., Mulgrew, N. C., Shepherd, K. E., Wilkinson, V. H., Singh, M., Balen, A., Lashen, H., & Ledger, W. L. (2004). The polycystic ovary syndrome health‐related quality of life questionnaire (PCOSQ): A validation. Human Reproduction, 19(2), 371–377. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deh048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, M., & Nies, M. A. (1996). The relationship of perceived benefits of and barriers to reported exercise in older African American women. Public Health Nursing, 13(2), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00233.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karjula, S., Morin-Papunen, L., Auvinen, J., Ruokonen, A., Puukka, K., Franks, S., Järvelin, M.-R., Tapanainen, J. S., Jokelainen, J., Miettunen, J., & Piltonen, T. T. (2017). Psychological distress is more prevalent in fertile age and premenopausal women with PCOS symptoms: 15-year follow-up. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 102(6), 1861–1869. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-3863
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley, G. A., Kelley, K. S., & Hootman, J. M. (2015). Effects of exercise on depression in adults with arthritis: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 17(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-015-0533-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kerchner, A., Lester, W., Stuart, S. P., & Dokras, A. (2009). Risk of depression and other mental health disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A longitudinal study. Fertility and Sterility, 91(1), 207–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiddy, D. S., Sharp, P. S., White, D. M., Scanlon, M. F., Mason, H. D., Bray, C. S., Polson, D. W., Reed, M. J., & Franks, S. (1990). Differences in clinical and endocrine features between obese and non‐obese subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome: An analysis of 263 consecutive cases. Clinical Endocrinology, 32(2), 213–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00857.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kite, C., Lahart, I. M., Afzal, I., Broom, D. R., Randeva, H., Kyrou, I., & Brown, J. E. (2019). Exercise, or exercise and diet for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic Reviews, 8(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-0962-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kite, C., Parkes, E., Taylor, S. R., Davies, R. W., Lagojda, L., Brown, J. E., Broom, D. R., Kyrou, I., & Randeva, H. S. (2022). Time to load up–resistance training can improve the health of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A scoping review. Medical Sciences, 10(4), 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci10040053
   Google Scholar
• Kyritsi, E. M., Dimitriadis, G. K., Kyrou, I., Kaltsas, G., & Randeva, H. S. (2017). PCOS remains a diagnosis of exclusion: A concise review of key endocrinopathies to exclude. Clinical Endocrinology, 86(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson, R. B. (2019). Controlling social desirability bias. International Journal of Market Research, 61(5), 534–547. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470785318805305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, P. H., Macfarlane, D. J., Lam, T. H., & Stewart, S. M. (2011). Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, W., Chen, Q., Xie, Y., Hu, J., Yang, S., & Lin, M. (2019). Prevalence and degree of insulin resistance in Chinese Han women with PCOS: Results from euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic clamps. Clinical Endocrinology, 90(1), 138–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, S. S., Davies, M., Norman, R. J., & Moran, L. (2012). Overweight, obesity and central obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction Update, 18(6), 618–637. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dms030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, A. W., Kazemi, M., Jarrett, B. Y., Vanden Brink, H., Hoeger, K. M., Spandorfer, S. D., & Lujan, M. E. (2019). Dietary and physical activity behaviors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome per the new international evidence-based guideline. Nutrients, 11(11), 2711. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, S. Y., Wrosch, C., Miller, G. E., & Pruessner, J. C. (2014). Self-esteem change and diurnal cortisol secretion in older adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 41, 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.12.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lizneva, D., Suturina, L., Walker, W., Brakta, S., Gavrilova-Jordan, L., & Azziz, R. (2016). Criteria, prevalence, and phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and Sterility, 106(1), 6–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.05.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Love-Koh, J., & Taylor, M. (2018). Physical activity and the environment: Final report. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.
   Google Scholar
• Mario, F., do Amarante, F., Toscani, M., & Spritzer, P. (2012). Lean muscle mass in classic or ovulatory PCOS: Association with central obesity and insulin resistance. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, 120(9), 511–516. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1309006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCook, J. G., Reame, N. E., & Thatcher, S. S. (2005). Health‐related quality of life issues in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 34(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0884217504272945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moghadam, Z. B., Fereidooni, B., Saffari, M., & Montazeri, A. (2018). Measures of health-related quality of life in PCOS women: A systematic review. International Journal of Women’s Health, 10, 397–408. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S165794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moody, A., & Neave, A. (2016). Health Survey for England 2015: Adult overweight and obesity. Health and Social Care Information Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Moran, L. J., Ranasinha, S., Zoungas, S., McNaughton, S. A., Brown, W. J., & Teede, H. J. (2013). The contribution of diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour to body mass index in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Human Reproduction, 28(8), 2276–2283. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/det256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morán-Sánchez, I., Adoamnei, E., Sánchez-Ferrer, M. L., Prieto-Sánchez, M. T., Arense-Gonzalo, J. J., Carmona-Barnosi, A., Hernandez-Peñalver, A. I., Mendiola, J., & Torres-Cantero, A. M. (2021). Assessment of optimism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case control-study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2352. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naumova, I., Castelo-Branco, C., Kasterina, I., & Casals, G. (2021). Quality of life in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A comparative study. Reproductive Sciences, 28(7), 1901–1909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-020-00394-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naz, S., Anjum, N., & Gul, I. (2020). A community based cross sectional study on prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and health related quality of life in Pakistani females. EEO, 20(6), 141–147.
   Google Scholar
• Panico, A., Messina, G., Lupoli, G. A., Lupoli, R., Cacciapuoti, M., Moscatelli, F., Esposito, T., Villano, I., Valenzano, A., Monda, V., Messina, A., Precenzano, F., Cibelli, G., Monda, M., & Lupoli, G. (2017). Quality of life in overweight (obese) and normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Patient Preference and Adherence, 11, 423–429. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S119180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince, S. A., Adamo, K. B., Hamel, M. E., Hardt, J., Gorber, S. C., & Tremblay, M. (2008). A comparison of direct versus self-report measures for assessing physical activity in adults: A systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-5-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince, S. A., Cardilli, L., Reed, J. L., Saunders, T. J., Kite, C., Douillette, K., Fournier, K., & Buckley, J. P. (2020). A comparison of self-reported and device measured sedentary behaviour in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00938-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resnick, B., & Jenkins, L. S. (2000). Testing the reliability and validity of the self-efficacy for exercise scale. Nursing Research, 49(3), 154–159. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-200005000-00007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodino, I. S., Byrne, S., & Sanders, K. A. (2016). Obesity and psychological wellbeing in patients undergoing fertility treatment. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 32(1), 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Measures Package, 61(52), 18.
   Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Ferrer, M. L., Adoamnei, E., Prieto-Sánchez, M. T., Mendiola, J., Corbalán-Biyang, S., Moñino-García, M., Palomar-Rodríguez, J. A., & Torres-Cantero, A. M. (2020). Health-related quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome attending to a tertiary hospital in Southeastern Spain: A case-control study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18(1), 232. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01484-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sechrist, K. R., Walker, S. N., & Pender, N. J. (1987). Development and psychometric evaluation of the exercise benefits/barriers scale. Research in Nursing & Health, 10(6), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770100603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirazi, F. K. H., Khodamoradi, Z., & Jeddi, M. (2021). Insulin resistance and high molecular weight adiponectin in obese and non-obese patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). BMC Endocrine Disorders, 21(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00710-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shishehgar, F., Ramezani Tehrani, F., Mirmiran, P., Hajian, S., & Baghestani, A. R. (2016). Comparison of the association of excess weight on health related quality of life of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: An age-and BMI-matched case control study. PLoS One, 11(10), e0162911. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, R. S. (2000). Childhood obesity and self-esteem. Pediatrics, 105(1), e15. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.105.1.e15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taghavi, S. A., Bazarganipour, F., Montazeri, A., Kazemnejad, A., Chaman, R., & Khosravi, A. (2015). Health-related quality of life in polycystic ovary syndrome patients: A systematic review. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 13(8), 473–482.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tay, C. T., Teede, H. J., Hill, B., Loxton, D., & Joham, A. E. (2019). Increased prevalence of eating disorders, low self-esteem, and psychological distress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A community-based cohort study. Fertility and Sterility, 112(2), 353–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.03.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teede, H. J., Tay, C. T., Laven, J. J. E., Dokras, A., Moran, L. J., Piltonen, T. T., Costello, M. F., Boivin, J., Redman, L. M., Boyle, J. A., Norman, R. J., Mousa, A., Joham, A. E., & International PCOS Network. (2023). Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. European Journal of Endocrinology, 189(2), G43–G64. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejendo/lvad096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson, R. L., Buckley, J. D., & Brinkworth, G. D. (2016). Perceived exercise barriers are reduced and benefits are improved with lifestyle modification in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomised controlled trial. BMC Women’s Health, 16(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-016-0292-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomson, R. L., Buckley, J. D., Lim, S. S., Noakes, M., Clifton, P. M., Norman, R. J., & Brinkworth, G. D. (2010). Lifestyle management improves quality of life and depression in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and Sterility, 94(5), 1812–1816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.11.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UN General Assembly. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, A/RES/70/1. Retrieved November 13, 2023, from https://www.refworld.org/docid/57b6e3e44.html
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Z., Groen, H., Cantineau, A. E. P., van Elten, T. M., Karsten, M. D. A., van Oers, A. M., Mol, B. W. J., Roseboom, T. J., & Hoek, A. (2021). Dietary intake, eating behavior, physical activity, and quality of life in infertile women with PCOS and obesity compared with non-PCOS obese controls. Nutrients, 13(10), 3526. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warburton, D. E., & Bredin, S. S. (2017). Health benefits of physical activity: A systematic review of current systematic reviews. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 32(5), 541–556. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCO.0000000000000437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware, J. E., Kosinski, M., & Keller, S. D. (1994). SF-36 physical and mental health summary scales: A user’s manual. Health Assessment Lab.
   Google Scholar
• Ware, J. E., Jr., Kosinski, M., & Keller, S. D. (1996). A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Medical Care, 34(3), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, C., Zborowski, J., Talbott, E., McHugh-Pemu, K., & Youk, A. (2004). Dietary intake, physical activity, and obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 28(8), 1026–1032. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yildiz, B. O., Knochenhauer, E. S., & Azziz, R. (2008). Impact of obesity on the risk for polycystic ovary syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 93(1), 162–168. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-1834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoldemir, T., Angin, P., Ramoglu, S., & Atasayan, K. (2017). Health-related quality of life (HRQL) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Maturitas, 100, 175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.03.192
   Google Scholar