4,099
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
LEISURE & TOURISM

Leisure and SCUBA diving safety tips during and after COVID-19

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon | (Reviewing editor)
Article: 1809805 | Received 25 Jun 2020, Accepted 10 Aug 2020, Published online: 20 Aug 2020

References

  • Aitchison, C. (2005). Feminist and gender perspectives in leisure and tourism research. In B. Ritchie, P. Burns, & C. Palmer (Eds.), Tourism research methods: Integrating theory with practice (pp. 21–14). CAB.
  • Anderson, L. E., & Loomis, D. K. (2011). SCUBA diver specialization and behavior norms at coral reefs. Coastal Management, 39(5), 478–491. https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2011.598813
  • Arin, T., & Kramer, R. (2002). Divers’ willingness to pay to visit marine sanctuaries: An exploratory study. Ocean & Coastal Management, 45(2–3), 171–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-5691(02)00049-2
  • Barker, N., & Roberts, C. (2004). SCUBA diver behaviour and the management of diving impacts on coral reefs. Biological Conservation, 120(4), 481–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2004.03.021
  • Barnett, L. (2005). Measuring the ABCs of leisure experience: Awareness, boredom, challenge, distress. Leisure Sciences, 27(2), 131–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400590912051
  • Bernardi, N., & Kowaltowski, D. (2006). Environmental comfort in school buildings: A case study of awareness and participation of users. Environment and Behaviour, 38(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916505275307
  • Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Sage.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Carter, C. (2009). The life aquatic: SCUBA diving and the experiential imperative. Tourism and Marine Environments, 5(4), 233–244. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427308788714777
  • Carter, C., & Carter, E. (2007). Marine ecotourism: Between the devil and the deep blue sea. CABI.
  • Casanova, L., Rutala, W. A., Weber, D. J., & Sobsey, M. D. (2009). Survival of surrogate coronaviruses in water. Water Research, 43(7), 1893–1898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.002
  • CDC. (2019). Cleaning and disinfecting your home. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/disinfecting-your-home.html
  • CDC. (2020). Information about drinking water, recreational water and wastewater. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/water.html
  • Centola, D., Becker, J., Brackbill, D., & Baronchelli, A. (2018). Experimental evidence for tipping points in social convention. Science, 360(6393), 1116–1119. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aas8827
  • Chan, K. H., Peiris, J. S., Lam, S. Y., Poon, L. L. M., Yuen, K. Y., & Seto, W. H. (2011). The effects of temperature and relative humidity on the viability of the SARS coronavirus. Advances in Virology, (2011(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/734690
  • Chung, -S.-S., Au, A., & Qiu, J.-W. (2013). Understanding the underwater behaviour of SCUBA divers in Hong Kong. Environmental Management, 51(4), 824–837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0023-y
  • Creyer, E., Ross, W., & Evers, D. (2003). Risky recreation: An exploration of factors influencing the likelihood of participation and the effects of experience. Leisure Studies, 22(3), 239–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/026143603200068000
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Harper and Row.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1992). A response to the Kimiecik and Stein and Jackson papers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 4(1), 181–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209208406460
  • DAN. (1980). Specializing in emergency travel assistance for over 35 years. Divers Alert Network. https://www.diversalertnetwork.org/travel/
  • DAN. (2020). Disinfection of SCUBA equipment and COVID-19. Divers Alert Network. https://www.diversalertnetwork.org/emailview/landing/coronavirus/gearDisinfection/index.html
  • Davis, D., & Tisdell, C. (1995). Recreational SCUBA diving and carrying capacity in marine protected areas. Ocean & Coastal Management, 26(1), 19–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0964-5691(95)00004-L
  • Dellanno, C., Vega, Q., & Boesenberg, D. (2009). The antiviral action of common household disinfectants and antiseptics against murine hepatitis virus, a potential surrogate for SARS coronavirus. American Journal of Infection Control, 37(8), 649–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2009.03.012
  • Denzin, N., & Lincon, Y. (2018). The sage handbook of qualitative research (5th ed.). Sage.
  • DiCaprio, E., Ye, M., Chen, H., & Li, J. (2019). Inactivation of human norovirus and Tulane virus by high pressure processing in simple mediums and strawberry puree. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 3(28), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00026
  • Dimmock, K. (2007). SCUBA diving, snorkelling, and free-diving. In G. Jennings (Ed.), Waterbased tourism, sport, leisure, and recreation experiences (pp. 128–147). Elsevier.
  • Dimmock, K. (2009). Finding comfort in adventure: Experiences of recreational SCUBA divers. Leisure Studies, 28(3), 279–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614360902951674
  • Dimmock, K., & Cummins, T. (2013). History of SCUBA diving tourism. In G. Musa & K. Dimmock (Eds.), SCUBA diving tourism (pp. 14–28). Routledge.
  • Dimmock, K., & Wilson, E. (2009). Risking comfort? The impact of in‐water constraints on recreational SCUBA diving. Annals of Leisure Research, 12(2), 173–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2009.9686817
  • Diole, P. (1954). Under-water exploration: A history. Elek.
  • Duan, S. M., Zhao, X. S., Wen, R. F., Huang, J. J., Pi, G. H., Zhang, S. X., & Dong, X. P. (2003). Stability of SARS coronavirus in human specimens and environment and its sensitivity to heating and UV irradiation. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 16(3), 246–255. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8995908
  • ECDC. (2020). Factsheet for health professionals on coronaviruses. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/factsheet-health-professionals-coronaviruses
  • EPA. (2016) . U.S. Environmental protection agency dive safety manual (Revision 1.3). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  • Ewert, A. W., & Hollenhorst, S. (1997). Adventure recreation and its implications for wilderness. International Journal of Wilderness, 3(2), 21–26. doi: 10.1.1.547.8900&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Fehr, A. R., & Perlman, S. (2015). Coronaviruses: An overview of their replication and pathogenesis. In H. Maier, E. Bickerton, & P. Britton (Eds.), Coronaviruses. Methods in molecular biology (pp. 1–23). Humana Press.
  • Garrod, B. (2008). Market segments and tourist typologies for diving tourism. In B. Garrod & S. Gössling (Eds.), New frontiers in marine tourism: Diving experiences, sustainability, management (pp. 31–47). Elsevier.
  • Gerba, C. P. (2014). Quaternary ammonium biocides: Efficacy in application. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 81(2), 464–469. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02633-14
  • Gyimothy, S., & Mykletun, R. (2004). Play in adventure tourism: The case of Arctic trekking. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4), 855–879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.03.005
  • Hammerton, Z. (2017). Determining the variables that influence SCUBA diving impacts in eastern Australian marine parks. Ocean & Coastal Management, 142(1), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.03.030
  • Hammerton, Z., & Bucher, D. (2015). Levels of intervention – Reducing SCUBA diver impact within subtropical marine protected areas. Journal of Ecotourism, 14(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2015.1073738
  • Harward Medical School. (2007). The handiwork of good health. Harward Health Puplishing. https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/The_handiwork_of_good_health
  • Hollinshead, K. (2006). The shift to constructivism in social inquiry: Some pointers for tourism studies. Tourism Recreation Research, 31(2), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2006.11081261
  • Johansen, K. (2013). SCUBA diving education and training. In G. Musa & K. Dimmock (Eds.), SCUBA dving tourism (pp. 81–96). Routledge.
  • Kampf, G., Todt, D., Pfaender, S., & Steinmann, E. (2020). Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and its inactivation with biocidal agents. Journal of Hospital Infection, 104(3), 246–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.022
  • Lai, M. Y. Y., Cheng, P. K. C., & Lim, W. W. L. (2005). Survival of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 41(7), e67–e71. https://doi.org/10.1086/433186
  • Lauer, S. A., Grantz, K. H., Bi, Q., Jones, F. K., Zheng, Q., Meredith, H. R., & Lessler, J. (2020). The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: Estimation and application. Annals of Internal Medicine, 172(9), 577-582. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-0504
  • Lew, A. A. (2013). World geography of recreational SCUBA diving. In G. Musa & K. Dimmock (Eds.), SCUBA dving tourism (pp. 29–51). Routledge.
  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
  • Lincoln, Y. S., Lynham, S. A., & Guba, E. G. (2011). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences, revisited (4th ed.). Sage.
  • Lindgren, A., Palmlund, J., Wate, I., & Gössling, S. (2008). Environmental management and education: The case of PADI. In B. Garrod & S. Gössling (Eds.), New frontiers in marine tourism: Diving experiences, sustainability, management (pp. 115–136). Elsevier.
  • Lou, F., Huang, P., Neetoo, H., Gurtler, J. B., Niemira, B. A., Chen, H., & Li, J. (2012). High-pressure inactivation of human norovirus virus-like particles provides evidence that the capsid of human norovirus is highly pressure resistant. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 78(15), 5320–5327. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00532-12
  • Luna, B., Pérez, C. V., & Sánchez-Lizaso, J. L. (2009). Benthic impacts of recreational divers in a mediterranean marine protected area. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66(3), 517–523. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp020
  • Lycke, E., & Norrby, E. (2014). Textbook of medical virology. Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Marion, J., & Leung, Y. (1998). Wildland recreation: Ecology and management. In W. E. Hamitt & D. N. Cole (Eds.), International impact research and management (pp. 328–346). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research (6th ed.). Sage.
  • Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A method sourcebook (3th ed.). Sage.
  • Miller, J., & Koblick, I. (1984). Living and working in the sea. Van Nostrand.
  • Mortlock, C. (1984). The adventure alternative. Icerone Press.
  • Musa, G., & Dimmock, K. (2012). SCUBA diving tourism: Introduction to special issue. Tourism in Marine Environments, 8(1–2), 1. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427312X13262430523947
  • Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). The concept of flow. In C. R. Snyde & J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 89–105). Oxford University Press.
  • NCBI. (2014). Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory infections in health care. annex G use of disinfectants: Alcohol and bleach. National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK214356/
  • NIH. (2020). New coronavirus stable for hours on surfaces. National Institutes of Health. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/new-coronavirus-stable-hours-surfaces
  • Olivier, S. (2006). Moral dilemmas of participation in dangerous leisure activities. Leisure Studies, 25(1), 95–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614360500284692
  • Ong, T. F., & Musa, G. (2011). An examination of recreational divers’ underwater behavior by attitude-behavior theories. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(8), 779–795. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2010.545370
  • PADI. (2020). Earn college credit for PADI courses. Professional Association of Diving Instructors. https://www.padi.com/college-credit
  • Patel, R., & Davidson, B. (2003). Forskningsmetodikens grunder: Att planera,genomföra och rapportera en undersökning. Studentlitteratur.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. In Qualitative inquiry (Vol. 3, pp. 230-246). Sage.
  • Poonian, C., Davis, P., & McNaughton, C. K. (2010). Impacts of recreational divers on Palauan coral reefs and options for management. Pacific Science, 64(4), 557–565. https://doi.org/10.2984/64.4.557
  • Priest, S. (1992). Factor exploration and confirmation for the dimensions of an adventure experience. Journal of Leisure Research, 24(2), 127–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1992.11969881
  • Roche, R. C., Harvey, C. V., Harvey, J. J., Kavanagh, A. P., McDonald, M., Stein-Rostaing, V. R., & Turner, J. R. (2016). Recreational diving impacts on coral reefs and the adoption of environmentally responsible practices within the SCUBA diving industry. Environmental Management, 58(1), 107–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0696-0
  • Rozadowski, H. M. (2005). Fathoming the ocean: The discovery and exploration of the deep sea. Harvard University Press.
  • Saldaña, J. (2009). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage.
  • Salim, N., Bahauddin, A., & Mohamed, B. (2013). Influence of SCUBA divers’ specialization on their underwater behavior. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 5(4), 388–397. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-03-2013-0015
  • Sandelowski, M. (2000). Whatever happened to qualitative description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23(1), 334–340. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G
  • Seidman, I. (2006). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences (3th ed.). Teacher College Press.
  • Silverman, D. (2013). Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook. Sage.
  • Stewart, W. P. (1998). Leisure as multiphase experiences: Challenging traditions. Journal of Leisure Research, 30(4), 391–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1998.11949840
  • Toyoshima, J., & Nadaoka, K. (2015). Importance of environmental briefing and buoyancy control on reducing negative impacts of SCUBA diving on coral reefs. Ocean & Coastal Management, 116(1), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.06.018
  • Turkish Ministry of Health. (2020). The novel coronavirus (COVID-19). https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/
  • Turksih Ministry of Health. (2020). What is COVID-19 (The novel coronary virus disease)? https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/covid-19-yeni-koronavirus-hastaligi-nedir
  • UNMC. (2015) . UNMC biiosaffetty manuall. University of Nebraska Medical Center.
  • Uyarra, M. C., & Côté, I. M. (2007). The quest for cryptic creatures: Impacts of species-focused recreational diving on corals. Biological Conservation, 136(1), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.006
  • WHO. (2003). First data on stability and resistance of SARS coronavirus compiled by members of WHO laboratory network. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/csr/sars/survival_2003_05_04/en/
  • WHO. (2019). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
  • WHO. (2020). Laboratory biosafety guidance related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331138/WHO-WPE-GIH-2020.1-eng.pdf
  • Woodward, I. (2003). Divergent narratives in the imagining of the home amongst middleclass consumers: Aesthetics, comfort and the symbolic boundaries of self and home. Journal of Sociology, 39(4), 391–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004869003394005
  • Zhang, C., Cui, F., Zeng, G. M., Jiang, M., Yang, Z. Z., Yu, Z. G., & Shen, L. Q. (2015). Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs): A review on occurrence, fate and toxicity in the environment. Science of the Total Environment, 518(1), 352–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.007