Tourists satisfaction in destination selection determinants and revisit intentions; perspectives from Ghana

References

• Afro Tourism. (2019). http://afrotourism.com/travelogue/8-reasons-why-every-tourist-in-ghana-loves-cape-coast/ Accessed on 9th March 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Albughuli, M. (2011). Exploring motivations and values for domestic travel from an Islamic and Arab standpoint: The case of Saudi Arabia [Master’s thesis]. University of Waterloo
   Google Scholar
• Amissah, E. F. (2013). Tourist satisfaction with hotel services in Cape Coast and Elmina, Ghana. American Journal of Tourism Management, 2(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5923/s.tourism.201304.03
   Google Scholar
• Amuquandoh, F. E. (2011). International tourists’ concerns about traditional foods in Ghana. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 18(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1375/jhtm.18.1.1
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asmelash, A. G., & Kumar, S. (2019). The structural relationship between tourist satisfaction and sustainable heritage tourism development in Tigrai, Ethiopia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019
   Google Scholar
• Baniya, R., Ghimire, S., & Phuyal, S. (2017). Push and pull factors and their effects on international tourists’revisit intention to Nepal. The Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 8(8), 20–39. https://doi.org/10.3126/gaze.v8i0.17830
   Google Scholar
• Bartlett, M. S. (1954). A note on the multiplying factors for various χ 2 approximations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 16(2), 296–298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1954.tb00174.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayih, B. E., & Singh, A. (2020). Modeling domestic tourism: motivations, satisfaction and tourist behavioral intentions. Heliyon, 6(9), e04839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boakye, K. A. (2012). Tourists’ views on safety and vulnerability. A study of some selected towns in Ghana. Tourism Management, 33(2), 327–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.03.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00095-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capon, W., Farley, J., & Hoenig, S. (1990). Determinants of financial performance: a meta analysis. Management Science, 36(10), 1143–1159. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.36.10.1143
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çelik, S., & Dedeoğlu, B. B. (2019). Psychological factors affecting the behavioral intention of the tourist visiting Southeastern Anatolia. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 2(4), 425–450. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-01-2019-0005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C. F., & Tsai, D. (2007). How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? Tourism Management, 28(4), 1115–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.07.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi, C. G. Q., & Qu, H. (2008). Examining the structural relationship of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: an integrated approach. Tourism Management, 29(4), 624–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.06.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiang, C.-Y., & Jogaratnam, G. (2006). Why do women travel solo for purposes of leisure? Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766706059041
   Google Scholar
• Crossley, E. (2020). Ecological grief generates desire for environmental healing in tourism after COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 536–546. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1759133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dann, G. M. (1977). Anomie ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(4), 184–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(77)90037-8
   Google Scholar
• Dann, G. M. (1981). Tourism motivations: An appraisal. Annals of Tourism Research, 8(2), 187–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(81)90082-7
   Google Scholar
• Dayour, F. (2013). Are backpackers a homogeneous Group? A study of backpackers’ motivations in the Cape Coast-Elmina conurbation, Ghana. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, 4(3), 69–94.
   Google Scholar
• Elgammal, I., & Ghanem, M. M. (2016). Youth week of the Egyptian Universities: An opportunity for promoting domestic tourism. Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, 10(2), 2.
   Google Scholar
• Erbes, R. (1973). International tourism and the economy of developing countries. OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Formica, S. (2002). Measuring destination attractiveness: a proposed framework. Journal of American Academy of Business, 1(2), 350–355.
   Google Scholar
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fourie, J., & Santana-Gallego, M. (2013). The determinants of African tourism. Development Southern Africa, 30(3), 347–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2013.817302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallarza, M. G., Fayos Gardó, T., & Calderón García, H. (2017). Experiential tourist shopping value: adding causality to value dimensions and testing their subjectivity. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 16(6), 76–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1661
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghana Tourism Authority. (2019). Tourist Statistical Fact Sheet on Ghana.
   Google Scholar
• Ghana Tourism. (2013). http://www.tourismghana.com (Retrieved November 25, 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Ghana Tourism. (2014). http://www.tourismghana.com.
   Google Scholar
• Grimm, K. E., & Needham, M. D. (2012). Moving beyond the “I” in motivation attributes and perceptions of conservation volunteer tourists. Journal of Travel Research, 51(4), 488–501. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287511418367
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guri, E. A. I., Osumanu, I. K., & Bonye, S. Z. (2021). Eco-cultural tourism development in Ghana: potentials and expected benefits in the Lawra Municipality. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 19(4), 458–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2020.173709
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Jr, Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2010). SEM: An introduction. Multivariate data analysis. A Global Perspective, 5(6), 629–686.
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling. (PLS-SEM): Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hassan, S. B., & Soliman, M. (2021). COVID-19 and repeat visitation: Assessing the role of destination social responsibility, destination reputation, holidaymakers’ trust and fear arousal. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100495
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu, C. H., Cai, L. A., and Li, M. (2010). Expectation, motivation and attitude: A tourist behavioral model. Journal of Travel Research, 49(3), 282–296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287509349266
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu, C. H., Cai, L. A., & Wong, K. K. (2007). A model of senior tourism motivations: anecdotes from Beijing and Shanghai. Tourism Management, 28(5), 1262–1273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.09.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson, J., Lai, F., & Wang, Y. (2009). Understanding the relationships of quality, value, equity, satisfaction, and behavioural intentions among golf travellers. Tourism Management, 30(2), 298–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.07.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1980). The social psychology of leisure and recreation. WC Brown Co. Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1982). Toward a social psychological theory of tourism motivation: a rejoinder. Annals of Tourism Research, 9(2), 256–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(82)90049-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1983). Towards a social psychology of recreational travel. Leisure Studies, 2(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614368300390041
   Google Scholar
• Jamal, S.A., Othman, N.A. and Muhammad, N.N. (2011), “Tourist perceived value in a community-based homestay visit: an investigation into the functional and experiential aspect of value”, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 17(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766710391130
   Google Scholar
• Jang, S., Bai, B., Hu, C., & Wu, C.-M. E. (2009). Affect, travel motivation, and travel intention: a senior market. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 33(1), 51–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348008329666
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang, S. S., & Wu, C.-M. E. (2006). Seniors’ travel motivation and the influential factors: an examination of Taiwanese seniors. Tourism Management, 27(2), 306–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.11.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis, J., & Peel, V. (2008). Study Backpackers: Australia’s short-stay international student travelers. In K. I. Hannam, & Ateljevic (Eds.), Back packer tourism: Concepts and profiles (pp. 157–173). Channel View.
   Google Scholar
• Jing, C. J., & Rashid, B. (2018). Assessing the influence of destination perceived attributes performance on Chinese tourist emotional responses. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management, 3(11), 59–70.
   Google Scholar
• Johann, M., Johann, M., Padma, P., & Padma, P. (2016). Benchmarking holiday experience: the case of senior tourists, Benchmarking. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 23(7), 1860–1875. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-04-2015-0038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jönsson, C., & Devonish, D. (2008). Does nationality, gender, and age affect travel motivation? A case of visitors to the Caribbean Island of Barbados. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 25(3–4), 398–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548400802508499
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser, H. F. (1970). A second-generation little jiffy. Psychometrika, 35(4), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291817
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khuong, M. N., & Ha, H. T. T. (2014). The influences of push and pull factors on the international leisure tourists’ return intention to Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam–A mediation analysis of destination satisfaction. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 5(6), 490–496. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJTEF.2014.V5.421
   Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. G., Eves, A., & Scarles, C. (2009). Building a model of local food consumption on trips and holidays: A grounded theory approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(3), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2008.11.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
   Google Scholar
• Kozak, M., & Rimmington, M. (2000). Tourist satisfaction with Mallorca, Spain, as an off season holiday destination. Journal of Travel Research, 38(3), 260–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003800308
   Google Scholar
• Laing, J., Wheeler, F., Reeves, K., & Frost, W. (2014). Assessing the experiential value of heritage assets: a case study of a Chinese heritage precinct, Bendigo, Australia. Tourism Management, 40, 180–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam, S. Y., Shankar, V., Erramilli, M. K., & Murthy, B. (2004). Customer value, satisfaction, loyalty, and switching costs: an illustration from a business-to-business service context. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32(3), 293–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070304263330
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littrell, M. A., Paige, R. C., & Song, K. (2004). Senior travellers: Tourism activities and shopping behaviours. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10(4), 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1177/135676670401000406
   Google Scholar
• Li, X., Cheng, C.-K., Kim, H., & Petrick, J. (2008). A systematic comparison of first-time and repeat visitors via a two-phase survey. Tourism Management, 29, 278-93.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, C. H., Horng, J. S., Chou, S. F., Chen, Y. C., Lin, Y. C., & Zhu, Y. Q. (2016). An empirical examination of the form of relationship between sustainable tourism experiences and satisfaction. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(7), 717–740. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2015.1068196
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacCannell, D. (2002). The ego factor in tourism. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(1), 146–151. https://doi.org/10.1086/339927
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mak, A. H., Wong, K. K., & Chang, R. C. (2009). Health or self-indulgence? The motivations and characteristics of Spa-Goers. International Journal of Tourism Research, 11(2), 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.703
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Make, K. B. (2014). Marketing for hospitality and tourism. Pearson Education Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Malviya, S. (2005). Tourism: Tourism: Policies, Planning and Governance. Gyan Publishing House.
   Google Scholar
• Manosuthi, N., Lee, J., & Han, H. (2020). Predicting the revisit intention of volunteer tourists using the merged model between the theory of planned behavior and norm activation model. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 37(4), 510–532. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2020.1784364
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxham, J. G.III, (2001). Service recovery’s influence on consumer satisfaction, positive word-of-mouth, and purchase intentions. Journal of Business Research, 54(1), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(00)00114-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKercher, B., & Wong, D. Y. (2004). Understanding tourism behavior: Examining the combined effects of prior visitation history and destination status. Journal of Travel Research, 43(2), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504268246
   Google Scholar
• Mohammed, I., Mahmoud, M. A., & Hinson, R. E. (2021). The effect of brand heritage in tourists’ intention to revisit. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 5(5), 886–904. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-03-2021-0070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngoc, K. M., & Trinh, N. T. (2015). Factors affecting tourists’ return intention towards Vung Tau City, Vietnam-A mediation analysis of destination satisfaction. Journal of Advanced Management Science, 3(4).
   Google Scholar
• Niggel, C., & Benson, A. (2007). Exploratory motivation of backpackers: The case of South Africa. Channel View.
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric methods. McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Oliver, R. (1997). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Oliver, R. L. (2010). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer (2nd ed.). M.E. Sharpe.
   Google Scholar
• Ooi, N., & Laing, J. H. (2010). Backpacker tourism: Sustainable and purposeful? Investigating the overlap between backpacker tourism and volunteer tourism motivations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(2), 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903395030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppermann, M. (1997). First-time and repeat visitors to New Zealand. Tourism Management, 18(3), 177–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(96)00119-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, D. B., & Yoon, Y. S. (2009). Segmentation by motivation in rural tourism: A Korean case study. Tourism Management, 30(1), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.03.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce, P. L. (2005). Tourist behaviour themes and conceptual schemes. Channel view Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Pearce, P., Morrison, A. M., & Rutledge, J. L. (1998). Tourism: Bridges across continents. McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Perovic, Ð., Moric, I., Pekovic, S., Stanovcic, T., Roblek, V., & Pejic Bach, M. (2018). The antecedents of tourist repeat visit intention: systemic approach. Kybernetes, 47(9), 1857–1871. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-12-2017-0480
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrick, J. F., & Backman, S. J. (2002). An examination of the construct of perceived value for the prediction of golf travelers’ intentions to revisit. Journal of Travel Research, 41(1), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750204100106
   Google Scholar
• Pizam, A., Neumann, Y., & Reichel, A. (1978). Dimensions of tourist satisfaction with a destination. Annals of Tourism Research, 5(3), 314–322. ‘ https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(78)90115-9
   Google Scholar
• Prayag, G. (2012). Senior travelers’ motivations and future behavioral intentions: The case of nice. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(7), 665–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2012.720153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prayag, G., & Ryan, C. (2010). The relationship between the push and pull factors of a tourist destination: The role of nationality-an analytical qualitative research approach. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(2), 121–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683501003623802
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prebensen, N., & Xie, J. (2017). Efficacy of co-creation and mastering on perceived value and satisfaction in tourists’ consumption. Tourism Management, 60(Supplement C), 166–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.12.001
   Google Scholar
• Preko, A., Mohammed, I., & Ameyibor, L. E. K. (2020). Muslim tourist religiosity, perceived values, satisfaction, and loyalty. Tourism Review International, 24(2), 109–125. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427220X15845838896341
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quintal, V. A., & Polczynski, A. (2010). Factors influencing tourists’ revisit intentions. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 22(4), 554–578. https://doi.org/10.1108/13555851011090565
   Google Scholar
• Ragavan, N. A., Subramonian, H., & Sharif, S. P. (2014). Tourists’ perceptions of destination travel attributes: An application to international tourists to Kuala Lumpur. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 144, 403–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.309
   Google Scholar
• Rajput, A., & Gahfoor, R. Z. (2020). Satisfaction and revisit intentions at fast food restaurants. Future Business Journal, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-020-00021-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, L., & Reid, S. (1993). Communicating tourism supplier services: building repeat visitor relationships. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2(2-3), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v02n02_02
   Google Scholar
• Rittichainuwat, B. N., Qu, H., and Mongkhonvanit, C. (2008). Understanding the motivation of travelers on repeat visits to Thailand. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 14(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766707084216
   Google Scholar
• Roscoe, J. T. (1975). Fundamental research statistics for the behavioral sciences. XXX.
   Google Scholar
• Santouridis, I., & Trivellas, P. (2010). Investigating the impact of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty in mobile telephony in Greece. The TQM Journal, 22(3), 330–343. https://doi.org/10.1108/17542731011035550
   Google Scholar
• Segars, A. H. (1997). Assessing the unidimensionality of measurement: A paradigm and illustration within the context of information systems research. Omega, 25(1), 107–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0483(96)00051-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Printer Trento Srl.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, P., & Nayak, J. K. (2019). Understanding memorable tourism experiences as the determinants of tourists’ behaviour. International Journal of Tourism Research, 21(4), 504–518. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2278
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirakaya, E., & Woodside, A. G. (2005). Building and testing theories of decision making by travellers. Tourism Management, 26(6), 815–832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.05.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soliman, M. (2021). Extending the theory of planned behavior to predict tourism destination revisit intention. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 22(5), 524–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2019.1692755
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Som, A. P. M., Marzuki, A., & Yousefi, M. (2012). Factors influencing visitors’ revisit behavioral intentions: A case study of Sabah, Malaysia. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(4), 39.
   Google Scholar
• Sönmez, S. F., & Graefe, A. R. (1998). Influence of terrorism risk on foreign tourism decisions. Annals of tourism research, 25(1), 112-144.
   Google Scholar
• Sørensen, F., & Jensen, J. F. (2015). Value creation and knowledge development in tourism experience encounters. Tourism Management, 46, 336–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.07.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subhajit, B., & Rohit, K. V. (2017). Modeling tourists’ opinions using RIDIT analysis. In Handbook of research on holistic optimization techniques in the hospitality, tourism, and travel industry (pp. 423-443). IGI Global.
   Google Scholar
• Um, S., Chon, K., & Ro, Y. H. (2006). Antecedents of revisit intention. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(4), 1141–1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.06.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Um, S., & Crompton, J. L. (1990). Attitude determinants in tourism destination choice. Annals of Tourism Research, 17(3), 432–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(90)90008-F
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNWTO. (2019). International tourist arrivals reach 1.4 billion two years ahead of forecasts. Retrieved 16 June 2019, fromhttps://www2.unwto.org/press-release/2019-01-21/international-tourist-arrivals-reach-14-billion-two-years-ahead-forecasts.
   Google Scholar
• Uysal, M., & Hagan, L. R. (1993). Motivation of pleasure to travel and tourism. In M.A. Khan, M. D. Olsen, and T. Var (Eds.), VNR’S Encyclopedia of Hospitality and Tourism (pp. 798–810). Van Nostrand Reinhold.
   Google Scholar
• Valduga, M. C., Breda, Z., & Costa, C. M. (2020). Perceptions of blended destination image: the case of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 3(2), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-03-2019-0052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenbosch, M. B. (1996). Confirmatory compositional approaches to the development of product spaces. European Journal of Marketing, 30(3), 23–46. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569610107418
   Google Scholar
• Weaver, P. A., McCleary, K. W., Lapisto, L., & Damonte, L. T. (1994). The relationship of destination selection attributes to psychological, behavioral and demographic variables. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 2(2), 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v02n02_07
   Google Scholar
• Wei, L., Qian, J., & Zhu, H. (2021a). Rethinking indigenous people as tourists: modernity, cosmopolitanism and the re-invention of indigeneity. Annals of Tourism Research, 89, 103200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, W., Zheng, Y., Zhang, L., & Line, N. (2021b). Leveraging customer-to-customer interactions to create immersive and memorable theme park experiences. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 5(3), 647–662. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-10-2020-0205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeller, B. (1993). Sustaining the ego. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1(2), 121–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669589309450710
   Google Scholar
• Wheeller, B. (1994). Ego tourism, sustainable tourism and the environment: A symbiotic, symbolic or shambolic relationship?. In: Seaton, A.V. (Ed.), Tourism: The state of the art (pp. 647–654). Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Wheeller, B. (2007). Sustainable mass tourism: more smudge than nudge. The canard continues. Tourism Recreation Research, 32(3), 73–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2007.11081543
   Google Scholar
• Wijaya, S., Wahyudi, W., Kusuma, C. B., & Sugianto, E. (2018). Travel motivation of Indonesian seniors in choosing destination overseas. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(2), 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-09-2017-0095
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Economic Forum. (2019). The travel and tourism competitiveness report, 2019. The World Economic Forum.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, S., Isa, S. M., & Ramayah, T. (2022). Does uncertainty avoidance moderate the effect of self-congruity on revisit intention? A two-city (Auckland and Glasgow) investigation. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 24, 100703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2022.100703
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo, C. K., Yoon, D., & Park, E. (2018). Tourist motivation: an integral approach to destination choices. Tourism Review, 73(2), 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-04-2017-0085
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model. Tourism Management, 26(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299606000203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar