Colonial policing and police administration in erstwhile Northwest Frontier Province and tribal areas of British India

References

• Ahmed, A. S. (1980). Pukhtun economy and society: Traditional structure and economic development in a tribal society. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Akins, H. (2018). Mashar versus kashar in Pakistan’s FATA: Intra-tribal conflict and the obstacles to reform. Asian Survey, 58(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2018.58.6.1136
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akins, H. (2020). Tribal militias and political legitimacy in British India and Pakistan. Asian Security, 16(3), 304–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/14799855.2019.1672662
   Google Scholar
• Akins, H. (2022). The strategic logic of policing in British India. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 34(4), 828–852. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2022.2154435
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alastair, A. M. (1994). Memoirs of a frontier policeman in the North-West Frontier Province, Punjab and Sind 1937-1948. (unpublished memoirs), British Library London, File No. ORW.1993.a.2322.
   Google Scholar
• Arnold, D. (1986). Police power and colonial rule: Madras, 1859-1947. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Burke, S. M., & Quraishi, A. S. (1995). The British raj in India: An historical review. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Coatman, J. (1931). The north-west frontier province and the trans-border country under the new constitution. Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society, 18(3), 335–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/03068373108725160
   Google Scholar
• Collen, E. H. H. (1892). Memorandum on the general Asian question and our future policy. Gov. Central Prtg. Off.
   Google Scholar
• East India (North-West frontier). (1901). (Cd. (Great Britain. Parliament); 496) Papers regarding British relations with the neighbouring tribes on the North-West frontier of India and Punjab Frontier Administration: Presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of His Majesty. Printed for H.M.S.O. by Darling & Son. Indian Office Record, British Library London. File No. W669.
   Google Scholar
• Edinburgh and London. (1897). W and A K Johnston’s war map of the north west indian frontier (3rd ed.). Edinburgh and London.
   Google Scholar
• Evelyn, H. (1931). Mizh a monograph on Government’s Relations with the Mahsud Tribe. Oxford University Press. (1979, first published Simla: Government of India Press, 1931), pp.3/4.
   Google Scholar
• Express Tribune. (2011). Police Act 2011: Baluchistan gets police transfer powers. Express Tribune. https://tribune.com.pk/story/235538/police-act-2011-balochistan-gets-police-transfer-powers
   Google Scholar
• Fasihuddin. (2008). Identification of potential terrorism: Identification of potential terrorism: The problem and implications for law-enforcement in Pakistan in. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 3(2), 84–109.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, J. E. (1968). The frontier 1839-1947; the story of the north-west frontier of India. Cassel.
   Google Scholar
• Griffith, R. (1938). The frontier policy of the government of India. Royal United Services Institution Journal, 83(531), 562–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071843809419848
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins, B. D. (2020). Ruling the savage periphery: Frontier governance and the making of the modern state. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Howell, E. B. (1931). Mizh: A monograph on government’s relations with the mahsud tribe. British Library London: Asian and African Studies. File No Mss Eur D696/6.
   Google Scholar
• Ingall, F. (1988). The last of the Bengal lancers. Preidio Press.
   Google Scholar
• Javaid, U., & Ramzan, M. (2003). Police order 2002: A critique. Journal of Political Studies, 20(2), 141–160.
   Google Scholar
• Killingray, D. (1986). The maintenance of law and order in British colonial Africa. African Affairs, 85(340), 411–437. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097799
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahsud Affairs. (1910). Desertion of two sepoys of Southern Waziristan with arms and ammunition. Arrest of deserters and recovery of equipment. Foreign Department, Government of India, National Archives of India, File No 23/26, PR_000004149025.
   Google Scholar
• Memorandum by H. B. E. (1876). Frere on systems pursued in the administration of the Sind and Punjab frontiers. (22 March NAI, Foreign/Political A/February 1878/nos. 149–156).
   Google Scholar
• Naseemullah, A., & Staniland, P. (2014). Indirect rule and varieties of governance. Governance, 29(1), 13–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12129
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• North-West Frontier Province and Constabulary. (1940). Papers detailing the history of the Frontier Constabulary to 1940s. India Office Records. British Library London, File No. Mss Eur F161/88.
   Google Scholar
• North-West Frontier Province and Constabulary. Sir Ralph Griffith: ‘The north-west frontier police’ (nd) dated as pre-1926. Indian Police Collection: British Library, London: File No. Mss Eur F161/95.
   Google Scholar
• Petzschmann, P. (2010). Pakistan’s police between centralization and devolution (pp. 13). Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/120172/NUPI%20Report%20Petszchmann.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Philip. (1954). The men who ruled India: The guardians. Jonathan Cape.
   Google Scholar
• Piliavsky, A. (2013). The moghia menace, or the watch over watchmen in British India. Modern Asian Studies, 47(3), 751–779. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X11000643
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollard, A. F. (1909). The British empire: Its past, its present, and its future. League of the Empire.
   Google Scholar
• Proposals for Deposition of Mir of Hunza on Grounds of Kashmir Misrule in Favour of His and Capable Heir Mirzada Jamal Khan. (1945). File No. 286-C.A. File No. 286-C.A. New Delhi: National Archives of India R_000004001966.
   Google Scholar
• Proposed Formation of a North-West Frontier Agency. (1900). Minute by his excellency the viceroy on the administration of the north-west frontier. In File No. Vol 37: Foreign Department, Government of India. New Delhi: National Archives of India: R_000004000977.
   Google Scholar
• Raids on Bannu and Air Operations against the Ahmadzai Waziris. (1939). File No. F-120_38, Home Department, Government of India, National Archives of India, PR_000003037357.
   Google Scholar
• Ras, J. (2010). Policing the northwest frontier province of Pakistan: Practical remarks from a South African perspective. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 2(1), 107–122.
   Google Scholar
• Review of the Police Administration in the Delhi Province for 1932. (1933). 1, file no. 75/XV/33. 7, 17. Home Department, Police Branch of India, 1932, National Archives of India, PR_0000050131982.
   Google Scholar
• Review of the Police Administration in the Delhi Province for the year 1935. (1936). File no. 75/14/36. 2-8. Home Department, Police Branch of India. National Archives of India, PR_000005013983.
   Google Scholar
• Review of the Police Administration of the town of Calcutta and its suburbs for 1937. (1938). File No. 75/XV/33, Home Department, Police Branch of India. National Archives of India, PR_000004009178.
   Google Scholar
• Robb, P. (1991). The ordering of rural india. british control in 19th-century bengal and bihar. In: Anderson, D. M. and Killingray, D, (Eds.), Policing the empire. Government, authority and control, 1830-1940 (pp. 126–150). Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shah, A. S. (2018). KP police reforms: Myths & reality. Daily Times. https://dailytimes.com.pk/274055/kp-police-reforms-myths-reality/
   Google Scholar
• Sheptycki, J. W. E. (1995). Transnational policing and the makings of a postmodern state. The British Journal of Criminology, 35(4), 613–635. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048550
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, M. P. (1989). Police problems and dilemmas in India. Mittal Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Skeen, A. (1932). Passing it on: Short talks on the tribal fighting on the north-west frontier of India. Gale and Polden.
   Google Scholar
• Summary of the Administration of Lord Curzon of Kedleston, Viceroy and Governor General of India, January 1899-November 1905. (1906). In military department, government of India 72627b–07. National library of Scotland.
   Google Scholar
• Tripodi, C. (2014). Power and patronage: A comparison of tribal service in Waziristan and South-West Arabia 1919–45. War & Society, 33(3), 172–193. https://doi.org/10.1179/0729247314Z.00000000037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Typescript by William Harold Adrian Rich (1908-89), Indian Police, Punjab and the North-West Frontier Province 1928-4… India Office Records and Private Papers. British Library London. File. No. Mss Eur D1065/2B, File. No. IOR. Mss Eur D1065/2B Part B "The Punjab Police before 1861.
   Google Scholar
• Waller, R. (2010). Towards a contextualisation of policing in colonial Kenya. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 4(3), 525–541. https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2010.517421
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodruff, P. (1954). The men who ruled India: The guardians. Jonathan Cape.
   Google Scholar