417
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Sociology

COVID-19 pandemic and human security in Ghana: the case of the Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrem municipality, Ghana

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Article: 2327814 | Received 10 Aug 2023, Accepted 05 Mar 2024, Published online: 19 Mar 2024

References

  • Addadzi-Koom, M. E. (2020). Quasi-state of emergency: assessing the constitutionality of Ghana’s legislative response to Covid-19. The Theory and Practice of Legislation, 8(3), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/20508840.2020.1777648
  • Adlhoch, C., Baka, A., Ciotti, M., Dias, J. G., Kinsman, J., & Leitmeyer, K. (2020). Considerations relating to social distancing measures in response to COVID-19 update second update. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control,
  • Adlhoch, C., & Pebody, R. (2020). What to expect for the influenza season 2020/21 with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in the World Health Organization European Region. Eurosurveillance, 25(42), 2001816. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.42.2001816
  • Aduhene, D. T., & Osei-Assibey, E. (2021). Socio-economic impact of COVID-19 on Ghana’s economy: challenges and prospects. International Journal of Social Economics, 48(4), 543–556. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-08-2020-0582
  • Africa Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD). (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on human and peoples’ rights in Africa. https://www.accord.org.za/analysis/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-human-and-peoples-rights-in-africa/
  • African Development Bank. (2020). African economic outlook 2020 supplement amid COVID-19. African Development Bank. Retrieved August 17, 2020, from https://www.afdb. org/en/documents/african-e conomic-outlook-2020
  • Agunyai, S. C., & Ojakorotu, V. (2021). Covid-19, Human displacement, and expanding crises of insecurity in Africa: The case of Almajiri children in Nigeria. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10, 1443–1454. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.165
  • Ahmad, T., Haroon, H., Baig, M., & Hui, J. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and economic impact. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36(COVID19-S4), S73. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2638
  • Albert, C., Baez, A., & Rutland, J. (2021). Human security as biosecurity: Reconceptualizing national security threats in the time of COVID-19. Politics and the Life Sciences, 40(1), 83–105. https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2021.1
  • Alindogan, J. (2020). HRW: COVID-19 lockdown violators in the Philippines abused.
  • Alkire, S. (2003). A conceptual framework for human security.
  • Martin, M. (2007). Human Security: Does Normative Europe Need a New Strategic Narrative?.
  • Aljazeera. (2020). ‘At Least 50 Nigerian Soldiers Killed in Boko Haram Ambush’ Aljazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/50-nigerian-soldiers-killed-boko-haram-ambush-200324185317954.html?utm_source=website&utm_medium
  • Anderson, C., McGee, R., Nampoothiri, N., Gaventa, J., Forquilha, S., Ibeh, Z., & Alex, S. (2021). Navigating Civic Space in a Time of Covid: Synthesis Report Institute for Development Studies 1–52.
  • Attuquayefio, P. (2015). The Pathology of Human Security in Africa: A Pro-Governance Perspective. The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs,
  • Ayisi-Boateng, N. K., Singh, A., Abu-Sakyi, J., Tawiah, P., Darkwa, I., & Wusu-Ansah, O. K. (2020). Fighting the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana: a report from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi. Pan African Medical Journal, 37(Suppl 1), 43. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.37.1.25749
  • Bennoune, K. (2020). Lest We Should Sleep": COVID-19 and Human Rights. American Journal of International Law, 114(4), 666–676. https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2020.68
  • Bethke, F. S., & Wolff, J. (2020). COVID-19 and shrinking civic spaces: patterns and consequences. Zeitschrift Für Friedens- Und Konfliktforschung, 9(2), 363–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42597-020-00038-w
  • Bhanot, D., Singh, T., Verma, S. K., & Sharad, S. (2021). Stigma and discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 577018. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.577018
  • Boone, C., & Batsell, J. (2001). Politics and AIDS in Africa: Research agendas in political science and international relations. Africa Today, 48(2), 3–33. https://doi.org/10.1353/at.2001.0026
  • Boserup, B., McKenney, M., & Elkbuli, A. (2020). Alarming trends in US domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 38(12), 2753–2755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.077
  • Botchwey, G. (2021). Which Way Forward? Covid-19, Social Policy and Emergency Preparedness in Ghana. African Journal of Social Sciences Education, 1(1), 1–15.
  • Buzan, B., Wæver, O., & De Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A new framework for analysis. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Campbell, S., Cicero Oneto, C., Saini, M. P. S., Attaran, N., Makansi, N., Passos Dos Santos, R., Pukuma, S., & Carnevale, F. A. (2021). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children: An ethical analysis with a global-child lens. Global Studies of Childhood, 11(1), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043610620976142
  • Chetail, V. (2020). COVID-19 and human rights of migrants: More protection for the benefit of all. International Organization for Migration.
  • Choruma, T. (2007). The forgotten tribe: People with disabilities in Zimbabwe. CIIR.
  • Cohen, J. H. (2020). Modeling migration, insecurity and COVID-19. Migration Letters, 17(3), 405–409. https://doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i3.986
  • Commission on Human Security. (2003). Human security now. United Nations Publications.
  • Congressional Research Service. (2020). COVID-19: Global Implications and Responses. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11421
  • Consortium for Elections and Political Process Strengthening (CEPPS). (2020). Mitigating the Impact of COVID-19 through Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance (DRG) Assistance. https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/mitigating_the_impact_of_covid19_through_democracy_human_rights_and_governance_drg_assistance_april_2020.pdf
  • Dadzie, C. A. (2022). Ghana’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In Community, economy and COVID-19: Lessons from multi-country analyses of a global pandemic (pp. 233–250). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • D’cruz, M., & Banerjee, D. (2020). An invisible human rights crisis’: The marginalization of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic–An advocacy review. Psychiatry Research, 292, 113369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113369
  • Duygulu, S. (2022). Rethinking the "State Security-Human Security" Nexus in the Face of COVID-19. In Handbook of Research on Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Threats and Impacts of Pandemics (pp. 109–123). IGI Global.
  • Elbe, S. (2006). Should HIV/AIDS be securitized? The ethical dilemmas of linking HIV/AIDS and security. International Studies Quarterly, 50(1), 119–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00395.x
  • Erasmus, G. (1994). Limitation and suspension. Rights and constitutionalism: the new South African legal order (Juta Kenwyn 1994), 629–639.
  • Evans, B. (2010). Foucault’s legacy: Security, war and violence in the 21st century. Security Dialogue, 41(4), 413–433. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010610374313
  • Farer, T. (2011). Human security: Defining the elephant and imagining its tasks. Asian Journal of International Law, 1(01), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2044251310000111
  • Foli, R. K., & Ohemeng, F. L. (2022). “Provide our basic needs or we go out”: the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, inequality, and social policy in Ghana. Policy and Society, 41(2), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puac008
  • GANHRI, OHCHR, UNDP. (2021). COVID-19 and national human rights institutions. United Nations.
  • Gasper, D. (2005). Securing humanity: situating ‘human security’as concept and discourse. Journal of Human Development, 6(2), 221–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649880500120558
  • Ghana Statistical Service. (2010). 2010 Population and housing census report. https://statsghana.gov.gh/gssmain/fileUpload/pressrelease/2010_PHC_National_Analytical_Report.pdf.
  • Gupta, M., Abdelmaksoud, A., Jafferany, M., Lotti, T., Sadoughifar, R., & Goldust, M. (2020). COVID-19 and economy. Dermatologic Therapy, 33(4), e13329. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13329
  • Gyasi, R. M. (2020). Fighting COVID-19: Fear and internal conflict among older adults in Ghana. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 63(6-7), 688–690. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2020.1766630
  • Hafez-Ghanem. (2020). COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Drives Sub-Saharan Africa Toward First Recession in 25 Years. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/04/09/covid-19-coronavirus-drives-sub-saharan-africa-toward-first-recession-in-25-years
  • Henkin, L. (1981). The International Bill of Rights: The Covenant on civil and political rights. https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/789034
  • Hong, H., Bian, Z., & Lee, C. C. (2021). COVID-19 and instability of stock market performance: evidence from the US. Financial Innovation, 7(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-021-00229-1
  • Human Rights Centre. (2020). Action plan 2020. https://bin. yhdistysavain.fi/1598 743/92aSwV1bvc5tHdjP6AzL0VH6UT/TOSU%202020%20EN.pdf
  • Human Rights Committee. (2020). 38th meeting of states parties to the International Covenant onCivil and Political Rights (ICCPRs).
  • Human Rights Watch. (2020). El Salvador: Inhumane prison lockdown treatment. https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/29/el-salvador-inhumane-prison-lockdown-treatment
  • Ikeh, E. U. (2019). Mediation Approaches to COVID-19 Inflationary Pressure by Consumers of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods in Anambra State, Nigeria. JOS Journal of Religion and Philosophy,
  • Iqbal, Z. (2006). Health and human security: The public health impact of violent conflict. International Studies Quarterly, 50(3), 631–649. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00417.x
  • Ismahene, Y. (2022). Infectious diseases, trade, and economic growth: A panel analysis of developed and developing countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13(3), 2547–2583.
  • Jackson, J. K. (2021). Global economic effects of COVID-19. Congressional Research Service.
  • Jain, A., Bodicherla, K. P., Raza, Q., & Sahu, K. K. (2020). Impact on mental health by “Living in Isolation and Quarantine” during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(10), 5415–5418. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1572_20
  • Jick, T. D. (1979). Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), 602–611. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392366
  • Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14–26. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X033007014
  • Joseph, S. (2020). COVID 19 and human rights: Past, present and future. Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, Forthcoming, Griffith University Law School Research Paper, 20–23.
  • Joseph, S. (2020). International human rights law and the response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, 11(2), 249–269. https://doi.org/10.1163/18781527-bja10004
  • Kaldor, M., Martin, M., & Selchow, S. (2007). Human security: A new strategic narrative for Europe. International Affairs, 83(2), 273–288.
  • Kenu, E., Frimpong, J., & Koram, K. (2020). Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana. Ghana Medical Journal, 54(2), 72–73. https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v54i2.1
  • Khowa, T., Cimi, A., & Mukasi, T. (2022). Socio-economic impact of COVID-19 on rural livelihoods in Mbashe Municipality. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 14(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v14i1.1361
  • Kindred, R., & Bates, G. W. (2023). The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Anxiety: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2362. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032362
  • Kodra, L. (2020). Human security and human rights during the Coronavirus pandemic. Euro-Balkan Law and Economics Review,
  • Laborde, D., Martin, W., & Vos, R. (2020). Poverty and food insecurity could grow dramatically as COVID-19 spreads. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC
  • Loades, M. E., Chatburn, E., Higson-Sweeney, N., Reynolds, S., Shafran, R., Brigden, A., Linney, C., McManus, M. N., Borwick, C., & Crawley, E. (2020). Rapid systematic review: the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(11), 1218–1239.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.05.009
  • Mack, A. (2005). Human security report 2005: War and peace in the 21st century. Die Friedens-Warte, 80(1/2), 177–191.
  • Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation.
  • Mathes, E. W. (1981). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as a guide for living. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 21(4), 69–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/002216788102100406
  • Menendez, C., Gonzalez, R., Donnay, F., & Leke, R. G. (2020). Avoiding indirect effects of COVID-19 on maternal and child health. The Lancet Global Health, 8(7), e863–e864. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30239-4
  • Mitchell, V. F., & Moudgill, P. (1976). Measurement of Maslow’s need hierarchy. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 334–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)90020-9
  • Newman, E. (2020). Human security. In Routledge handbook of peace, security and development (pp. 33–44). Routledge.
  • Oberleitner, G. (2002). Human security and human rights. ETC Occasional Paper, 8, 1–29.
  • OHCHR. (1993). Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/vienna.pdf
  • OHCHR. (2020). 38th Meeting of States Parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights – Elections of the Human Rights Committee on 17 September 2020. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/HRBodies/CCPR/ Elections38th/2ndNoteVerbale9Sept2020.pdf
  • Oraro, T., Ngube, N., Atohmbom, G. Y., Srivastava, S., & Wyss, K. (2018). The influence of gender and household headship on voluntary health insurance: the case of North-West Cameroon. Health Policy and Planning, 33(2), 163–170. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czx152
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2020). Women Leaders virtual roundtable on COVID-19 and the future issues call to put women and girls at the centre of response efforts. http://www.oecd.org/newsroom/women-leaders-virtual-roundtable-on-covid-19-and-the-future-issues-call-to-put-women-and-girls-at-the-centre-of-response-efforts.htm
  • Özüdoğru, G. (2021). Problems faced in distance education during Covid-19 Pandemic. Participatory Educational Research, 8(4), 321–333. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.92.8.4
  • Republic of Ghana. (2020a). Imposition of Restriction Act, 2020 (Act 1012). Republic Press.
  • Republic of Ghana. (2020b). Imposition of Restrictions (COVID-19) Instrument, 2020 (EI 64). Republic Press.
  • Republic of Ghana. (2020c). Section 169 of the Public Health Act, 2012 (Act 851) Communications Bureau, ‘President Akufo-Addo Addresses Nation on Measures Taken by Government to Combat the Coronavirus Pandemic’ (Speech, 15 March 2020) accessed 10/12/2020).
  • Robinson, M. (2007). Protection and Empowerment: Connecting Human Rights and Human Security.
  • Save the Children. (2020). Misinformation leads to increasing COVID-19 stigma in sub-Saharan Africa. https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/misinformation-leads-increasing-covid19-stigma susaharanafrica#:∼:text=Misinformation %20leads%20to% 20increasing% 20COVID%2D19%20 tigma%20in%20sub%2DSaharan%20Africa
  • Sen, A. (1999). Commodities and capabilities. OUP Catalogue.
  • Sen, A. (2011). The global status of human rights. In Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting (Vol. 105, pp. 3–12). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.5305/procannmeetasil.105.0003
  • Singh, S. K. (2019). Infectious Diseases National Security And Globalisation. World Affairs: The. Journal of International Issues, 23(1), 10–23.
  • Suh, J., Horvitz, E., White, R. W., & Althoff, T. (2021). Population-scale study of human needs during the covid-19 pandemic: Analysis and implications [Paper presentation]. Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining(pp. 4–12).
  • Suslov, E. V. (2022). The human need for security as the factor of conflictogenity in the system of international relations. https://doi.org/10.5922/sikbfu-2022-3-8
  • Suw, A. (2022). Student needs during the covid-19 pandemic based on Abraham Maslowtheory. Education, Sustainability & Society, https://doi.org/10.26480/ess.01.2022.24.27
  • Tang, S. M. (2015). Rethinking economic security in a globalized world. Contemporary Politics, 21(1), 40–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2014.993910
  • Tsamakis, K., Rizos, E., Manolis, A. J., Chaidou, S., Kympouropoulos, S., Spartalis, E., Spandidos, D. A., Tsiptsios, D., & Triantafyllis, A. S. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on mental health of healthcare professionals. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 19(6), 3451–3453. https://doi.org/10.3892/ETM.2020.8646
  • Tuffuor, K. A., & Awuah, F. (2022). Interrogating the imposition of restrictions law during the covid-19 pandemic in Ghana. UCC Law Journal, 2(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.47963/ucclj.v2i1.895
  • Umukoro, N. (2021). Coronavirus Disease Outbreak and Human Security in Africa. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 16(2), 254–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316620969656
  • United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). (2020). COVID-19 in Africa: Protecting lives and economies. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa.
  • United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). (2020). Global manufacturing production drops sharply due to economic disruptions caused by COVID-19—UNIDO report. https://www.unido.org/news/global-manufacturing-production-drops-sharply-due-economic-disruptions-caused-covid-19-unido-report
  • United Nations. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Women. UN Policy Brief. https://www.preventionweb.net/files/73779_thematicreportfinaltheimpactofcovid.pdf.
  • Upoalkpajor, J. L. N., & Upoalkpajor, C. B. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on education in Ghana. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 9(1), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2020/v9i130238
  • Vaughan-Williams, N. (2014). Human security and development. In Critical Security Studies (pp. 164–177). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203764237-20
  • WHO (2021). WHO, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab±tab
  • World Bank. (2020). World Bank Confirms Economic Downturn in Sub-Saharan Africa, Outlines Key Policies Needed for Recovery. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/10/08/world-bank-confirms-economic-downturn-in-sub-saharan-africa-outlines-key-polices-needed-for-recovery
  • World Food Programme (WFP). (2021). COVID-19 will double number of people facing food crises unless swift action is taken. World Food Programme.
  • WHO. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic triggers 25% increase in prevalence of anxiety and depression worldwide. https://www.who.int/news/item/02-03-2022-covid-19-pandemic-triggers-25-increase-in-prevalence-of-anxiety-and-depression-worldwide
  • World Health Organization. (2023). data.who.int, WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard > Cases [Dashboard]. https://data.who.int/dashboards/covid19/cases
  • Wurth, M. (2020). A virtual roundtable on COVID-19 and human rights with human rights watch researchers. Health and Human Rights, 22(1), 399–413.