128
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Leisure & Tourism

Epidemiological passport system requirements: a roadmap for international travel and tourism recovery

, , ORCID Icon &
Article: 2364518 | Received 01 Dec 2021, Accepted 03 Jun 2024, Published online: 18 Jun 2024

References

  • Abbas, J., Mubeen, R., Iorember, P. T., Raza, S., & Mamirkulova, G. (2021). Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on tourism: Transformational potential and implications for a sustainable recovery of the travel and leisure industry. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, 2, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100033
  • Acheampong, P., Boamah, K. B., Agyeman-Prempeh, N., Boateng, F., Bediako, I. A., & Abubakar, R. (2021). Trust and continuance of mobile payment use intention: A study based on structural equation modeling. Information Resources Management Journal, 34(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.4018/IRMJ.2021010102
  • Ali, O., AlAhmad, A., & Kahtan, H. (2023). A review of advanced technologies available to improve the healthcare performance during COVID-19 pandemic. Procedia Computer Science, 217, 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.216
  • Ali, O., Jaradat, A., Ally, M., & Rotabi, S. (2022). Blockchain technology enables healthcare data management and accessibility. In S.S. Muthu (Eds.), Blockchain technologies for sustainability. environmental footprints and eco-design of products and processes. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6301-7_5
  • Ali, O., Jaradat, A., Kulakli, A., & Abuhalimeh, A. (2021). A comparative study: Blockchain technology utilization benefits, challenges and functionalities. IEEE Access, 9, 12730–12749. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3050241
  • Ali, O., Soar, J., & Shrestha, A. (2018). Perceived potential for value creation from cloud computing: A study of Australian regional governments. Behavior and Information Technology, 37, 1157–1176. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1488991
  • Ali, O., Soar, J., Yong, J., McClymont, H., & Angus, D. (2015). Collaborative cloud computing adoption in Australian ­regional municipal government: An exploratory study [Paper presentation]. The 19th IEEE International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (pp. 540–548). Calabria, Italy.
  • Alghamdi, F. A., Almanaseer, H., Jaradat, G., Jaradat, A., Alsmadi, M. K., Jawarneh, S., Almurayh, A. S., Alqurni, J., & Alfagham, H. (2024). Multilayer perceptron neural network with arithmetic optimization algorithm-based feature selection for cardiovascular disease prediction. Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction, 6(2), 987–1008. https://doi.org/10.3390/make6020046
  • Al-Saedi, K., Al-Emran, M., Abusham, E., & El Rahman, S. A. (2019). Mobile payment adoption: A systematic review of the UTAUT model [Paper presentation]. The International Conference on Fourth Industrial Revolution (pp. 1–5).Manama, Bahrain,19-21 February 2019
  • Alshehri, F., Freeman, M., & Freeman, A. E. (2013). Are you smart enough for your smart phone? A cognitive load comparison [Paper presentation]. The 24th Australasian Conference on Information Systems (pp. 1–11). Melbourne, Australia, 4-6 Dec 2013.
  • Aman, J., Abbas, J., Nurunnabi, M., & Bano, S. (2019). The relationship of religiosity and marital satisfaction: The role of religious commitment and practices on marital satisfaction among Pakistani respondents. Behavioral Sciences, 9(3), 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9030030
  • Angelopoulos, C. M., Damianou, A., & Katos, V. (2020). DHP framework: Digital health passports using blockchain use case on international tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accessed on 21 June, 2021. https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.08922.
  • Balouchi, M., Aziz, Y. A., Hasangholipour, T., Khanlari, A., Rahman, A. A., & Raja-Yusof, R. N. (2017). Explaining and predicting online tourists’ behavioural intention in accepting consumer generated contents. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 8(2), 168–189. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-09-2016-0059
  • Bilgihan, A., Okumus, F., Nusair, K. K., & Kwun, D. J. W. (2011). Information technology applications and competitive advantage in hotel companies. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 2(2), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1108/17579881111154245
  • Biroscak, B. J., Scott, J. E., Lindenberger, J. H., & Bryant, C. A. (2017). Leximancer software as a research tool for social marketers: Application to a content analysis. Social Marketing Quarterly, 23(3), 223–231. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524500417700826
  • Bradley, J. (1993). Methodological issues and practices in qualitative research. The Library Quarterly, 63(4), 431–449. https://doi.org/10.1086/602620
  • Busetto, L., Wick, W., & Gumbinger, C. (2020). How to use and assess qualitative research methods. Neurological Research and Practice, 2(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-020-00059-z
  • Carson, D. A., Perry, G. C., & Gronhaug, K. (2001). Qualitative marketing research. Sage Publications.
  • Chan, J., Foster, D., Gollakota, S., Horvitz, E., Jaeger, J., Kakade, S., & Tessaro, S. (2020). Pact: Privacy sensitive protocols and mechanisms for mobile contact tracing. Accessed on 25 June, 2021. https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03544.
  • Chen, P., Xie, H., Maslov, S., & Redner, S. (2007). Finding scientific gems with Google’s PageRank algorithm. Journal of Informetrics, 1(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2006.06.001
  • Chowdhury, M. J. M., Ferdous, M. S., Biswas, K., Chowdhury, N., & Muthukkumarasamy, V. (2020). COVID-19 contact tracing: Challenges and future directions. IEEE Access: Practical Innovations, Open Solutions, 8, 225703–225729. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3036718
  • Culler, D., Dutta, P., Fierro, G., Gonzalez, J. E., Pemberton, N., Schleier-Smith, J., & Zachariah, T. (2020). CoVista: A unified view on privacy sensitive mobile contact tracing effort. Accessed on 17 July, 2021. https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.13164.
  • Cummings, S., & Daellenbach, U. (2009). A guide to the future of strategy? The history of long-range planning. Long Range Planning, 42(2), 234–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2008.12.005
  • Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
  • Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982–1003. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982
  • de Clercq, E., Jiang, Y., & Li, G. (2023). Therapeutic strategies for human poxvirus infections: Monkeypox (mpox), smallpox, molluscipox, and orf. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 52(52), 102528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102528
  • Elkhwesky, Z., Derhab, N., Elkhwesky, F. F. Y., Abuelhassan, A. E., & Hassan, H. (2023). Hotel employees’ knowledge of monkeypox’s source, symptoms, transmission, prevention, and treatment in Egypt. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 53, 102574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102574
  • Elkhwesky, Z., Abuelhassan, A. E., Elkhwesky, E. F. Y., & Khreis, S. H. A. (2023). Antecedents and consequences of behavioural intention to use virtual reality in tourism: Evidence from Gen-Y and Gen-Z consumers in Egypt. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 0(0), 146735842311705. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584231170576
  • Fan, J., Shao, M., Li, Y., & Huang, X. (2018). Understanding users’ attitude toward mobile payment use. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 118(3), 524–540. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-06-2017-0268
  • Faust, D. (1982). A needed component in the prescription of science: Empirical knowledge of human cognitive limitations. Knowledge, 3(4), 555–570. https://doi.org/10.1177/107554708200300405
  • Featherman, M. S., & Pavlou, P. A. (2003). Predicting e-services adoption: A perceived risk facets perspective. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 59(4), 451–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1071-5819(03)00111-3
  • Fotiadis, A., Polyzos, S., & Huan, T. C. T. (2021). The good, the bad and the ugly on COVID-19 tourism recovery. Annals of Tourism Research, 87, 103117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103117
  • Gaskell, G. (2000). Individual and group interviewing. In M. Bauer and G. Gaskell (Eds.), Qualitative researching with text, image and sound (pp. 1–11). Sage.
  • Gopalakrishnan, B. N., Peters, R., & Vanzetti, D. (2020). Covid-19 and tourism. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Accessed on 26 June, 2021. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ditcinf2020d3_en.pdf.
  • Grech, V., Grech, P., & Fabri, S. (2020). A risk balancing act–tourism competition using health leverage in the COVID-19 era. International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine, 31(3), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.3233/JRS-200042
  • Haider, M. M., Hossin, M. A., Mahi, H. R., & Arif, H. (2020). Automatic text summarization using gensim word2vec and K-Means clustering algorithm [Paper presentation]. IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP) (pp. 283–286). Dhaka, Bangladesh. https://doi.org/10.1109/TENSYMP50017.2020.9230670
  • Hsiao, M. H. (2019). Mobile payment services as a facilitator of value co-creation: A conceptual framework. Journal of High Technology Management and Research, 30(2),100353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2019.100353.
  • Hekmati, A., Ramachandran, G., & Krishnamachari, B. (2021). CONTAIN: Privacy-oriented contact tracing protocols for epidemics [Paper presentation]. IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (pp. 872–877). Bordeaux, France, 17-21 May 2021
  • Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analyses. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
  • Hua, C., Cole, S., & Xu, N. (2021). Rethinking trust in tourism apps: The moderating effect of age. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 12(3), 548–562. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-01-2020-0013
  • Hua, C. G., & Bai, C. H. (2020). Technical responsibility and humanistic care for tourists. Tourism Tribune, 35(1), 7–9.
  • IATA. (2021). IATA ravel pass for travelers. Accessed on 21 June, 2021. https://www.iata.org/en/youandiata/travelers/iata-travel-pass-for-travelers/.
  • IATA. (2020). What can we learn from past pandemic episodes? Accessed on 26 June, 2021. https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/what-can-we-learnfrompast-pandemic-episodes.
  • Jaradat, A., Ali, O., & AlAhmad, A. (2022). Blockchain technology: A fundamental overview. In S.S. Muthu (Eds.) Blockchain technologies for sustainability. Environmental footprints and eco-design of products and processes. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6301-7_1
  • Kaler, J., Hussain, A., Flores, G., Kheiri, S., & Desrosiers, D. (2022). Monkeypox: A comprehensive review of transmission, pathogenesis, and manifestation. Cureus, 14(7), e26531. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.26531
  • Kamboj, S., & Rahman, Z. (2017). Measuring customer social participation in online travel communities. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 8(3), 432–464. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-08-2016-0041
  • Khanra, S., Dhir, A., Kaur, P., & Joseph, R. P. (2021). Factors influencing the adoption postponement of mobile payment services in the hospitality sector during a pandemic. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 46, 26–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.11.004
  • Kirsch, L. J. (2004). Deploying common systems globally: The dynamics of control. Information Systems Research, 15(4), 374–395.https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1040.0036
  • Kuisma, T., Laukkanen, T., & Hiltunen, M. (2007). Mapping the reasons for resistance to Internet banking: A means-end approach. International Journal of Information Management, 27(2), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2006.08.006
  • Kumar, S., & Nafi, S. M. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on tourism: Recovery proposal for future tourism. Geo-Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 33(4), 1486–1492. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3767465
  • Kumudumali, S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on tourism industry: A review. MPRA Paper No. 102834, Munich Personal RePEc Archives, Accessed on 26 June 2021. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102834/.
  • Kuo, H. I., Chen, C. C., Tseng, W. C., Ju, L. F., & Huang, B. W. (2008). Assessing impacts of SARS and avian flu on ­international tourism demand to Asia. Tourism Management, 29(5), 917–928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.10.006
  • Lee, J. M., Lee, B., & Rha, J. Y. (2019). Determinants of mobile payment usage and the moderating effect of gender: Extending the UTAUT model with privacy risk. International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, 10(1), 43–64. https://doi.org/10.7903/ijecs.1644
  • Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2005). Practical research: Planning and design. Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.
  • Ma, X., de Jong, M., Sun, B., & Bao, X. (2020). Nouveauté or Cliché? Assessment on island ecological vulnerability to tourism: Application to Zhoushan, China. Ecological Indicators, 113, 106247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106247
  • McCabe, S., & Qiao, G. (2020). A review of research into social tourism: Launching the annals of tourism research curated collection on social tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 85, 103103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103103
  • Middleton, S., Liesch, P. W., & Steen, J. (2011). Organizing time: Internationalization narratives of executive managers. International Business Review, 20(2), 136–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2010.07.007
  • Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis. Sage Publication.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1984). Qualitative data analysis. Sage Publication.
  • Mishra, V. (2022). Applications of blockchain for vaccine passport and challenges. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 15(3), 345–362. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-07-2021-0054
  • Müller, T., Schuberth, F., & Henseler, J. (2018). PLS path modeling – a confirmatory approach to study tourism technology and tourist behaviour. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(3), 249–266. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-09-2017-0106
  • Nabil, S. S., Pran, M. S. A., Al Haque, A. A., Chakraborty, N. R., Chowdhury, M. J. M., & Ferdous, M. S. (2022). Blockchain-based COVID vaccination registration and monitoring. Blockchain: Research and Applications, 3(4), 100092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100092
  • Nain, S. A., Sharma, S. R., Joshi, V., & Sharma, S. K. (2021). Research brief on Sustaining tourism during the covid-19 ­pandemic. Accessed on 23 June 2021. http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/Updates/EventLSS_637520244037902912_Researchsustaining%20tourism22032021.pdf.
  • Odoom, J., Huang, X., & Danso, S. A. (2022). COVID-19 and future pandemics: A blockchain-based privacy-aware secure borderless travel solution from electronic health records. Software: Practice & Experience, 52(10), 2263–2287. https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3126
  • Ortiz-Martínez, Y., Sarmiento, J., Bonilla-Aldana, D. K., & Rodríguez-Morales, A. J. (2022). Monkeypox goes viral: Measuring the misinformation outbreak on Twitter. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 16(7), 1218–1220. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.16907
  • Ortiz-Martínez, Y., Quintero-Olarte, J. J., Delgado-Camacho, M., Reda, A., Henao- Martínez, A. F., & Rodríguez-Morales, A. J. (2023). Dating applications: A double-edged weapon in the current monkeypox outbreak. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 34(4), 281–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624221148517
  • Park, J., Ahn, J., Thavisay, T., & Ren, T. (2019). Examining the role of anxiety and social influence in multi-benefits of mobile payment service. Journal of Retailer Consumer Service, 47, 140–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.11.015
  • Patil, P., Tamilmani, K., Rana, N. P., & Raghavan, V. (2020). Understanding consumer adoption of mobile payment in India: Extending Meta-UTAUT model with personal innovativeness, anxiety, trust, and grievance redressal. International Journal of Information Management, 54, 102144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102144
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Sage Publications.
  • Punch, K. F. (2013). Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Sage.
  • Putri, Y. E., Wiryono, S. K., Nainggolan, Y. A., & Cahyono, T. D. (2019). Method of payment adoption in Indonesia e-commerce. The Asian Journal of Technology Management, 12(2), 94–102. https://doi.org/10.12695/ajtm.2019.12.2.2
  • Quan, L., Al-Ansi, A., Ariza-Montes, A., Arraño-Muñoz, M., Giorgi, G., & Han, H. (2022). Vaccine passport and traveler behaviors in the new market of the domestic and international tourism industry facing the with-corona era. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 900976. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.900976
  • Rao, H. S., & Perry, C. (2007). Convergent interviewing: A starting methodology for an enterprise research program. In D. Hine and D. Carson (Eds.), Innovative methodologies in enterprise research (pp. 86–100). Edward Elgar.
  • Rashid, M. M., Choi, P., Lee, S. H., & Kwon, K. R. (2022). Block-HPCT: Blockchain enabled digital health passports and contact tracing of infectious diseases like COVID-19. Sensors, 22(11), 4256. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114256
  • Riffai, M. M. M. A., Grant, K., & Edgar, D. (2012). Big TAM in Oman: Exploring the promise of on-line banking, its adoption by customers and the challenges of banking in Oman. International Journal of Information Management, 32(3), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2011.11.007
  • Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. Simon and Schuster.
  • Rosnidah, I., Muna, A., Musyaffi, A. M., & Siregar, N. F. (2019). Critical factor of mobile payment acceptance in millenial generation: Study on the UTAUT model. International Symposium on Social Sciences, Education, and Humanities (ISSEH 2018) (pp.123–127). Atlantis Press.
  • Russell, C. K., & Gregory, D. M. (2003). Evaluation of qualitative research studies. Evidence Based Nursing, 6(2), 36–40. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebn.6.2.36
  • Salathé, M., Althaus, C. L., Neher, R., Stringhini, S., Hodcroft, E., Fellay, J., Zwahlen, M., Senti, G., Battegay, M., Wilder-Smith, A., Eckerle, I., Egger, M., & Low, N. (2020). COVID-19 epidemic in Switzerland: On the importance of testing, contact tracing and isolation. Swiss Medical Weekly, 150(1112), w20225. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2020.20225
  • Samha, A. K., Alrashdi, A. M., & Alshammri, G. H. (2022). The influencing factors of digital health passport adoption and acceptance during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Digital Health, 8, 20552076221142668. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221142668
  • Sariişik, M., Türkay, O., Şengül, S., Bicil, I. M., & Boğan, E. (2021). COVID-19 shock to tourism industry: Possible scenarios for predicted losses between 2020–2024. Anais Brasileiros de Estudos Turísticos (ABET), 11, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5770234
  • Schilling, J. (2006). On the pragmatics of qualitative assessment: Designing the process for content analysis. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22(1), 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.22.1.28
  • Shankar, A., & Datta, B. (2018). Factors affecting mobile payment adoption intention: An Indian perspective. Global Business Review, 19(3), S72–S89. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150918757870
  • Shretta, R. (2020). The economic impact of COVID-19. Retrieved from Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford website: https://www.tropicalmedicine.ox.ac.uk/news/the-economic-impact-of-COVID-19.
  • Singh, S. (2020). An integrated model combining ECM and UTAUT to explain users’ post-adoption behaviour towards mobile payment systems. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 24, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3127/ajis.v24i0.2695
  • Škare, M., Soriano, D. R., & Porada-Rochoń, M. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on the travel and tourism industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 163, 120469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120469
  • Smith, A. E. (2007). Leximancer (2.23rd ed.). University of Queensland.
  • Smith, A. E., & Humphreys, M. S. (2006). Evaluation of unsupervised semantic mapping of natural language with Leximancer concept mapping. Behaviour Research Methods, 38(2), 262–279. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192778
  • Sox, C. B., Campbell, J. M., Kline, S. F., Strick, S. K., & Crews, T. B. (2016). Technology use within meetings: A generational perspective. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 7(2), 158–181. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-09-2015-0035
  • Tsoi, K. K., Sung, J. J., Lee, H. W., Yiu, K. K., Fung, H., & Wong, S. Y. (2021). The way forward after COVID-19 vaccination: Vaccine passports with blockchain to protect personal privacy. BMJ Innovations, 7(2), 337–341. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2021-000661
  • United Nation. (2020). Policy brief: COVID-19 and transforming tourism. Accessed on 25 June, 2021, available at: https://unsdg.un.org/resources/policy-brief-covid-19-and-transforming-tourism.
  • Vedaei, S. S., Fotovvat, A., Mohebbian, M. R., Rahman, G. M., Wahid, K. A., Babyn, P., … & Sami, R. (2020). COVID-SAFE: An IoT-based system for automated health monitoring and surveillance in post-pandemic life. IEEE access, 8, 188538–188551. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3030194.
  • Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (1996). A model of the antecedents of perceived ease of use: Development and test. Decision Sciences, 27(3), 451–481. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1996.tb01822.x
  • Venkatesh, V., Morris, M., Davis, G. and Davis, F. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
  • Venkatesh, V., Thong, J., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/10.2307/41410412
  • Wang, L., Law, R., Guillet, B. D., Hung, K., & Fong, D. K. C. (2015). Impact of hotel website quality on online booking intentions: eTrust as a mediator. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 47, 108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.03.012
  • Ward, V., West, R., Smith, S., McDermott, S., Keen, J., Pawson, R., & House, A. (2014). The role of informal networks in creating knowledge among health-care managers: A prospective case study. Health Services and Delivery Research, 2(12), 1–132. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK374057/. https://doi.org/10.3310/hsdr02120
  • Weber, R. P. (1990). Basic content analysis. Sage Publications.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Immunity passports in the context of COVID-19. Accessed on 18 June 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/immunity-passports-in-the-context-of-covid-19.
  • World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2024). International tourism to reach pre-pandemic levels in 2024. Accessed on 21 May 2024. https://www.unwto.org/news/international-tourism-to-reach-pre-pandemic-levels-in-2024#:∼:text=The%20positive%20outlook%20is%20reflected,be%20worse%20than%20last%20year.
  • World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2021). COVID–19 related travel restrictions a global review for tourism (Vol. 9, pp. 1–42). UNWTO.
  • World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2022). Impact assessment of the COVID-19 outbreak on international tourism. https://www.unwto.org/impact-assessment-of-the-covid-19-outbreak-on-international-tourism.
  • World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2020). World tourism barometer (Vol. 18, pp. 1–36). UNWTO.
  • Zaware, S., Patadiya, D., Gaikwad, A., Gulhane, S., & Thakare, A. (2021 Text summarization using TF-IDF and textrank algorithm [Paper presentation]. 5th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI) (pp. 1399–1407). Tirunelveli, India. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOEI51242.2021.9453071
  • Zenker, S., & Kock, F. (2020). The coronavirus pandemic a critical discussion of a tourism research agenda. Tourism Management, 81, 104164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104164
  • Zhang, H., Song, H., Wen, L., & Liu, C. (2021). Forecasting tourism recovery amid COVID-19. Annals of Tourism Research, 87, 103149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103149
  • Zhao, Y., & Bacao, F. (2021). How does the pandemic facilitate mobile payment? An investigation on users’ perspective under the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031016
  • Zhou, T. (2014). Understanding the determinants of mobile payment continuance usage. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 114(6), 936–948. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-02-2014-0068
  • Zhou, T. (2013). An empirical examination of continuance intention of mobile payment services. Decision Support Systems, 54(2), 1085–1091.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2012.10.034.