References
- Al-Shamaony L, Al-Khazraji SM, Twaiji HA. 1994. Hypoglycemic effect of Artemisia herba alba II: effect of a valuable extract on some blood parameters in diabetic animals. J Ethnopharmacol. 43(3):167–171. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(94)90038-8
- Arumugam G, Swamy MK, Sinniah UR. 2016. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng: botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and nutritional significance. Molecules. 21:369. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21040369
- Azevedo MF, Lima CF, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Almeida MJ, Wilson JM, Pereira-Wilson C. 2011. Rosmarinic acid, major phenolic constituent of Greek sage herbal tea, modulates rat intestinal SGLT1 levels with effects on blood glucose. Mol Nutr Food Res. 55(1):S15–S25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201000472
- Bannon P. 1982. Effect of pH on the elimination of the labile fraction of glycosylated haemoglobin. Clin Chem. 28:2183. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/28.10.2183a
- Burgi W, Briner N, Franken ACH, Kessler G. 1988. One step sandwich enzyme immunoassay for insulin using monoclonal antibodies. Clin Biochem. 21:311–314. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9120(88)80087-0
- Cardullo N, Catinella G, Floresta G, Muccilli V, Rosselli S, Resci_na A, Bruno M, Tringali C. 2019. Synthesis of rosmarinic acid amides as antioxidative and hypoglycemic agents. J Nat Prod. 82(3):573–582. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b01002
- Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, Malanda B. 2018. IDF diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 138:271–281. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023
- Cornblath M, Randle P, Parmeggiani JA, Morgan HE. 1963. Regulation of glycogenolysis in muscle. effects of glucagon and anoxia on lactate production, glycogen content, and phosphorylase activity in the perfused isolated rat heart. J Biol Chem. 238:1592–1597.
- Dische Z, Shettles LB. 1948. A specific color reaction of methylpentoses and a spectrophotometric micro method for their determination. J Biol Chem. 75:595–603.
- Eliza J, Daisy P, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V. 2009. Normoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of costunolide isolated from Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz.) Sm. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact. 179:329–334. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2008.10.017
- Exarchou V, Troganis A, Gerothanassis IP, Tsimidou M, Boskou D. 2001. Identification and quantification of caffeic and rosmarinic acid in complex plant extracts by the use of variable-temperature two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem. 49:2–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990928e
- Farzadi L, Khaki A, Ghasemzadeh A, Ouladsahebmadarek E, Ghadamkheir E. 2011. Effect of rosmarinic acid on sexual behavior in diabetic male rats. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 5(16):1906–1910.
- Folch J, Lees M, Solane SG. 1957. A simple method for isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 26:497–509.
- Golden S, Wals PA, Okajima F, Katz J. 1979. Glycogen synthesis by hepatocytes from diabetic rats. Biochem J. 182:727–734. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1820727
- Gomathi D, Ravikumar G, Kalaiselvi M, Devaki K, Uma C. 2013. Protective effect of the whole plant extract of Evolvulus alsinoides on glycoprotein alterations in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Acute Disease. 148–150.
- Govindaraj J, Sorimuthu Pillai S. 2015. Rosmarinic acid modulates the antioxidant status and protects pancreatic tissues from glucolipotoxicity mediated oxidative stress in high-fat diet:streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 404(1–2):143–159. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-015-2374-6
- Guignot L, Mithieux G. 1999. Mechanisms by which insulin, associated or not with glucose may inhibit hepatic glucose production in the rat. Am J Physiol. 277:984–989.
- Hasanein P, Mohammad Zaheri L. 2014. Effects of rosmarinic acid on an experimental model of painful diabetic neuropathy in rats. Pharm Biol. 52(11):1398–1402. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2014.894090
- Jayanthy G, Subramanian S. 2014. Rosmarinic acid, a polyphenol, ameliorates hyperglycemia by regulating the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in high fat diet–STZ induced experimental diabetes mellitus. Biomed Prev Nutr. 4(3):431–437. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionut.2014.03.006
- Jensen J, Rustad PI, Kolnes AJ, Lai YC. 2011. The role of skeletal muscle glycogen breakdown for regulation of insulin sensitivity by exercise. Front Physiol. 2:1–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2011.00112
- Jiang WL, Xu Y, Zhang SP, Hou J, Zhu HB. 2012. Effect of rosmarinic acid on experimental diabetic nephropathy. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 110(4):390–395. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00828.x
- Leloir LF, Goldemberg SH. 1962. Glycogen synthetase from rat liver: (Glucose)n+(UDPG)→(Glucose)n+1+UDP. In: Colowick SP, Kalpan NO, editors. Methods in enzymology; vol. 5. New York: Academic Press; p. 145–147.
- Lin L, Dong Y, Zhao H, Wen L, Yang B, Zhao M. 2011. Comparative evaluation of rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate and pedalitin isolated from Rabdosia serra (MAXIM.) HARA as inhibitors of tyrosinase and α-glucosidase. Food Chem. 129:884–889. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.039
- Luan H, Kan Z, Xu Y, Lv C, Jiang W. 2013. Rosmarinic acid protects against experimental diabetes with cerebral ischemia: relation to inflammation response. J Neuroinflammat. 10:28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-10-28
- Lukhoba CW, Simmonds MS, Paton AJ. 2006. Plectranthus: a review of ethnobotanical uses. J Ethnopharmacol. 3:1–24. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.09.011
- Mahmoud AM, Ahmed OM, Ashour MB, Abdel-Moneim A. 2015. In vivo and in vitro antidiabetic effects of citrus flavonoids: a study on the mechanism of action. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 35:250–263. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-014-0268-x
- Mahmoud AM, Ashour MB, Abdel-Moneim A, Ahmed OM. 2012. Hesperidin and naringin attenuate hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine production in high fat fed/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. J Diabetes Its Complicat. 26:483–490. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.06.001
- Morales MA, Jabbagy AJ, Terenizi HR. 1973. Mutations affecting accumulation of glycogen. Neurospora Newsl. 20:24–25.
- Mushtaq N, Schmatz R, Pereira LB, Ahmad M, Stefanello N, Vieira JM, Abdalla F, Rodrigues MV, Baldissarelli J, Pelinson LP, et al. 2014. Rosmarinic acid prevents lipid peroxidation and increase in acetylcholinesterase activity in brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cell Biochem Funct. 32(3):287–293. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.3014
- Nayak SS, Pattabiraman TN. 1981. A new colorimetric method for the estimation of glycosylated haemoglobin. Clin Chem Acta. 109:267–274. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(81)90312-0
- Niebes P. 1972. Determination of enzymes and degradation products of glycosaminoglycan metabolism in the serum of healthy and varicose subjects. Clin Chim Acta. 42:399–408. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(72)90105-2
- Pari L, Ashokkumar N. 2006. Glycoprotein changes in non-insulin dependent diabetic rats: effect of N–benzoyl-D-phenylalanine and metformin. Therapie. 61:125–131. doi: https://doi.org/10.2515/therapie:2006022
- Pari L, Rajarajeswari N. 2010. Protective role of coumarin on plasma and tissue glycoprotein components in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced hyperglycemic rats. Int J Biol Med Res. 13:61–65.
- Pari L, Sankaranarayanan C. 2009. Beneficial effects of thymoquinone on hepatic key enzymes in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Life Sci. 85:830–834. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2009.10.021
- Pari L, Saravanan R. 2005. Succinic acid monoetheyl ester and metformin regulatescarbohydrate metabolic enzymes and improves glycemic control instreptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Iran J Pharmacol Ther. 4:132–137.
- Pari L, Saravanan S. 2015. Thymol, a monoterpene phenolic compound ameliorates deranged glycoprotein metabolism in HFD-induced diabetic in c57bl/6j mice. Indo–Asian J Multidiscip Res. 1(3):196–204.
- Pieta PG. 2000. Flavonoids as antioxidants. J Nat Prod. 63:1035–1042. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/np9904509
- Sankaranarayanan C, Pari L. 2011. Influence of thymoquinone on glycoprotein changes in experimental hyperglycemic rats. Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Diseases. 1:51–55. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-0738.77532
- Saravanan G, Ponmurugan P, Senthil Kumar GP, Rajarajan T. 2010. Antidiabetic effect of S-allylcysteine: effect on plasma and tissue glycoproteins in experimental diabetes. Phytomedicine. 17(14):1086–1089. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2010.04.008
- Sotnikova R, Okruhlicova L, Vlkovicova J, Navarova J, Gajdacova B, Pivackova L, Fialova S, Krenek P. 2013. Rosmarinic acid administration attenuates diabetes–induced vascular dysfunction of the rat aorta. J Pharm Pharmacol. 655:713–723. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12037
- Sundaram R, Naresh R, Ranadevan R, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P. 2012a. Effect of iridoid glucoside on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and its role in regulating carbohydrate metabolic enzymes. Eur J Pharmacol. 674:460–467. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.10.039
- Sundaram R, Naresh R, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P. 2012b. Antihyperglycemic effect of iridoid glucoside, isolated from the leaves of Vitex negundo in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with special reference to glycoprotein components. Phytomedicine. 19:211–216. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2011.10.006
- Sundaram R, Naresh R, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P. 2013a. Effect of iridoid glucoside on plasma lipid profile, tissue fatty acid changes, cytokines and GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 380:43–55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-013-1656-0
- Sundaram R, Naresh R, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P. 2013b. Modulatory effect of green extract on hepatic key enzymes of glucose metabolism in streptozotocin and high fat diet induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine. 20:577–584. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2013.01.006
- Sundaram R, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P. 2014. Effect of tangeretin, a polymethoxylated flavone on glucose metabolism in streptozotocin–induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine. 21:793–799. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.01.007
- Sundaram R, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P. 2015. Tangeretin, a polymethoxylated flavone, modulates lipid homeostasis and decreases oxidative stress by inhibiting NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokines in cardiac tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Funct Foods. 16:315–333. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.024
- Tavafi M, Ahmadvand H, Khalatbari A, Tamjidipoor A. 2011. Rosmarinic acid ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in uninephrectomized diabetic rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 143:275–283.
- Trinder P. 1969. Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor. Ann Clin Biochem. 6:24–27. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/000456326900600108
- Vats V, Yadav SP, Grover JK. 2004. Ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves partially attenuates streptozotocin-induced alterations in glycogen content and carbohydrate metabolism in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 90:155–160. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.034
- Veeramani C, Al-Numair KS, Alsaif MA, Chandramohan G, Al-Numair NS, Pugalendi KV. 2012. Protective effect of Cardiospermum halicacabum leaf extract on glycoprotein components on STZ–induced hyperglycemic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 5(12):939–944. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(12)60178-3
- Wagner WD. 1979. A more sensitive assay discriminating galactosamine and glucosamine in mixtures. Anal Biochem. 94:394–396. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90379-8
- Warren L. 1959. The thiobarbituric acid assay of sialic acids. J Biol Chem. 234:1971–1975.
- Wu D, Wen W, Li C, Qi R, Xia Zhao J, Hua Lu C, Yan Zhong Y. 2012. Ameliorative effect of berberine on renal damage in rats with diabetes induced by high–fat diet and streptozotocin. Phytomedicine. 19:712–718. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2012.03.003
- Xie W, Xing D, Sun H, Wang W, Ding Y, Du L. 2005. The effects of Ananas comosus L. leaves on diabetic-dyslipidemic rats induced by alloxan and a highfat/high-cholesterol diet. Am J Chin Med. 33:95–105. doi: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X05002692
- Zhu F, Asada T, Sato A, Koi Y, Nishiwaki H, Tamura H. 2014. Rosmarinic acid extract for antioxidant, antiallergic, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, isolated by supramolecular technique and solvent extraction from Perilla leaves. J Agric Food Chem. 62:885–892. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf404318j
- Zhu F, Wang J, Takano H, Xu Z, Nishiwaki H, Yonekura L, Yang R, Tamura H. 2019. Rosmarinic acid and its ester derivatives for enhancing antibacterial,α-glucosidase inhibitory, and lipid accumulation suppression activities. J Food Biochem. 43(2):12719. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12719