REFERENCES
- Aguilera, A., and Klein, H. L.. 1988. Genetic control of intrachromosomal recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. Isolation and genetic characterization of hyper-recombination mutations. Genetics 119:779–790
- Beletskii, A., and Bhagwat, A. S.. 1996. Transcription-induced mutations: increase in C to T mutations in the nontranscribed strand during transcription in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:13919–13924
- Boeke, J. D., Trueheart, J., Natsoulis, G., and Fink, G. R.. 1987. 5-Fluoroorotic acid as a selective agent in yeast molecular genetics. Methods Enzymol. 154:164–175
- Chavez, S., and Aguilera, A.. 1997. The yeast HPR1 gene has a functional role in transcriptional elongation that uncovers a novel source of genome instability. Genes Dev. 11:3459–3470
- Christman, M. F., Dietrich, F. S., and Fink, G. R.. 1988. Mitotic recombination in the rDNA of S. cerevisiae is suppressed by the combined action of DNA topoisomerases I and II. Cell 55:413–425
- Cooper, P. K., Nouspikel, T., Clarkson, S. G., and Leadon, S. A.. 1997. Defective transcription-coupled repair of oxidative base damage in Cockayne syndrome patients from XP group G. Science 275:990–993
- Datta, A., and Jinks-Robertson, S.. 1995. Association of increased spontaneous mutation rates with high levels of transcription in yeast. Science 268:1616–1619
- Deshpande, A. M., and Newlon, C. S.. 1996. DNA replication fork pause sites dependent on transcription. Science 272:1030–1033
- Fan, H.-Y., Cheng, K. K., and Klein, H. L.. 1996. Mutations in the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery suppress the hyperrecombination mutant hpr1Δ of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 142:749–759
- Fishman-Lobell, J., Rudin, N., and Haber, J. E.. 1992. Two alternative pathways of double-strand break repair that are kinetically separable and independently modulated. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12: 1303
- Fleig, U. N., Pridmore, R. D., and Philippsen, P.. 1986. Construction of LYS2 cartridges for use in genetic manipulations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 46:237–245
- Gangloff, S., Lieber, M. R., and Rothstein, R.. 1994. Transcription, topoisomerases and recombination. Experientia 50:261–269
- Goldman, A. S. H., and Lichten, M.. 1996. The efficiency of meiotic recombination between dispersed sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends upon their chromosomal location. Genetics 144:43–55
- Grimm, C., Schaer, P., Munz, P., and Kohli, J.. 1991. The strong ADH1 promoter stimulates mitotic and meiotic recombination at the ADE6 gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:289–298
- Grunstein, M.. 1998. Yeast heterochromatin: regulation of its assembly and inheritance by histones. Cell 93:325–328
- Harris, S., Rudnicki, K. S., and Haber, J. E.. 1993. Gene conversions and crossing over during homologous and homeologous ectopic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 135:5–16
- Huang, G. S., and Keil, R. L.. 1995. Requirements for activity of the yeast mitotic recombination hotspot HOT1: RNA polymerase I and multiple cis-acting sequences. Genetics 141:845–855
- Johnston, M., and Carlson, M.. 1992. Regulation of carbon and phosphate utilization The molecular and cellular biology of the yeast Saccharomyces: gene expression. Jones, E. W., Pringle, J., and Broach, J. R. 193–281 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview, N.Y
- Johnston, M., and Davis, R. W.. 1984. Sequences that regulate the divergent GAL1-GAL10 promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:1440–1448
- Keil, R. L., and Roeder, G. S.. 1984. cis-acting, recombination-stimulating activity in a fragment of the ribosomal DNA of S. cerevisiae. Cell 39:377–386
- Kim, R. A., and Wang, J. A.. 1989. A subthreshold level of DNA topoisomerase leads to the excision of yeast rDNA as extrachromosomal rings. Cell 57:975–985
- Kotani, H., and Kmiec, E. B.. 1994. Transcription activates RecA-promoted homologous pairing of nucleosomal DNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1949–1955
- Kupiec, M., and Petes, T. D.. 1988. Meiotic recombination between repeated transposable elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:2942–2954
- Lea, D. E., and Coulson, C. A.. 1949. The distribution of the numbers of mutants in bacterial populations. J. Genet. 49:264–285
- Lui, L. F., and Wang, J. C.. 1987. Supercoiling of the DNA template during transcription. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:7024–7027
- Maldonado, E., Shiekhattar, R., Sheldon, M., Cho, H., Drapkin, R., Pickert, P., Lees, E., Anderson, C. W., Linn, S. et al. 1996. A human RNA polymerase II complex associated with SRB and DNA-repair proteins. Nature 381:86–89
- Morey, N. J., Greene, C. N., and Jinks-Robertson, S.. 2000. Genetic analysis of transcription-associated mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 154:109–120
- Nevo-Caspi, Y., and Kupiec, M.. 1994. Transcriptional induction of Ty recombination in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:12711–12715
- Nickoloff, J. A.. 1992. Transcription enhances intrachromosomal homologous recombination in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:5311–5318
- Nickoloff, J. A., and Reynolds, R. J.. 1990. Transcription stimulates homologous recombination in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:4837–4845
- Paques, F., and Haber, J. E.. 1999. Multiple pathways of recombination induced by double-strand breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63:349–404
- Parket, A., and Kupiec, M.. 1992. Ectopic recombination between Ty elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not induced by DNA damage. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:4441–4448
- Piruat, J. I., and Aguilera, A.. 1998. A novel yeast gene, THO2, is involved in RNA pol II transcription and provides new evidence for transcriptional elongation-associated recombination. EMBO J. 17:4859–4872
- Ramdas, J., Mythili, E., and Muniyappa, K.. 1991. Nucleosomes on linear duplex DNA allow homologous pairing but prevent strand exchange promoted by RecA protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:1344–1348
- Rothstein, R.. 1991. Targeting, disruption, replacement, and allele rescue: integrative DNA transformation in yeast. Methods Enzymol. 194:281–301
- Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Maniatis, T.. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y
- Sancar, A.. 1996. DNA excision repair. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65:43–81
- Schiestl, R. H., and Gietz, R. D.. 1989. High efficiency transformation of intact yeast cells using single stranded nucleic acids as a carrier. Curr. Genet. 16:339–346
- Sherman, F.. 1991. Getting started with yeast. Methods Enzymol. 194:3–20
- Steward, S. E., and Roeder, G. S.. 1989. Transcription by RNA polymerase I stimulates mitotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:3464–3472
- Thoma, F.. 1999. Light and dark in chromatin repair: repair of UV-induced DNA lesions by photolyase and nucleotide excision repair. EMBO J. 18:6585–6598
- Thomas, B. J., and Rothstein, R.. 1989. Elevated recombination rates in transcriptionally active DNA. Cell 56:619–630
- Thomas, B. J., and Rothstein, R.. 1989. The genetic control of direct-repeat recombination in Saccharomyces: the effect of rad52 and rad1 on mitotic recombination at GAL10, a transcriptionally regulated gene. Genetics 123:725–738
- Thyagarajan, B., Johnson, B. L., and Campbell, C.. 1995. The effect of target site transcription on gene targeting in human cells in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:2784–2790
- Voelkel-Meiman, K., Keil, R. L., and Roeder, G. S.. 1987. Recombination-stimulating sequences in yeast ribosomal DNA correspond to sequences regulating transcription by RNA polymerase I. Cell 48:1071–1079
- Voelkel-Meiman, K., and Roeder, G. S.. 1990. A chromosome containing HOT1 preferentially receives information during mitotic interchromosomal gene conversion. Genetics 124:561–572
- Voelkel-Meiman, K., and Roeder, G. S.. 1990. Gene conversion tracts stimulated by HOT1-promoted transcription are long and continuous. Genetics 126:851–867
- Wallis, J. W., Chrebet, G., Brodsky, G., Rolfe, M., and Rothstein, R.. 1989. A hyper-recombination mutation in S. cerevisiae identifies a novel eukaryotic topoisomerase. Cell 58:409–419
- White, M. A., Detloff, P., Strand, M., and Petes, T. D.. 1992. A promoter deletion reduces the rate of mitotic, but not meiotic, recombination at the HIS4 locus in yeast. Curr. Genet. 21:109–116
- Workman, J. L., and Kingston, R. E.. 1998. Alteration of nucleosome structure as a mechanism of transcription regulation. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67:545–579
- Wright, B. E., Longacre, A., and Reimers, J. M.. 1999. Hypermutation in derepressed operons of Escherichia coli K12. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:5089–5094