Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) Binding Site and the Middle One-Third of eIF4GI Constitute the Core Domain for Cap-Dependent Translation, and the C-Terminal One-Third Functions as a Modulatory Region

REFERENCES

• Allen, M., Metz, A. M., Timmer, R. T., Rhoads, R. E., and Browning, K. S.. 1992. Isolation and sequence of the cDNAs encoding the subunits of the isozyme form of wheat protein synthesis initiation factor 4F. J. Biol. Chem. 267:23232–23236
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Gregorio, E., Preiss, T., and Hentze, M. W.. 1998. Translational activation of uncapped mRNAs by the central part of human eIF4G is 5′ end-dependent. RNA 4:828–836
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fuerst, T. R., Niles, E. G., Studier, F. W., and Moss, B.. 1986. Eukaryotic transient expression system based on recombinant vaccinia virus that synthesizes bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:8122–8126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukunaga, R., and Hunter, T.. 1997. MNK1, a new MAP kinase-activated protein kinase, isolated by a novel expression screening method for identifying protein kinase substrates. EMBO J. 16:1921–1933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gingras, A.-C., Raught, B., and Sonenberg, N.. 1999. eIF4 initiation factors: effectors of mRNA recruitment to ribosomes and regulators of translation. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 68:913–963
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goyer, C., Altmann, M., Lee, H. S., Blanc, A., Deshmukh, M., Woolford, J. L.Jr., Trachsel, H., and Sonenberg, N.. 1993. TIF4631 and TIF4632: two yeast genes encoding the high-molecular-weight subunits of the cap-binding protein complex (eukaryotic initiation factor 4F) contain an RNA recognition motif-like sequence and carry out an essential function. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4860–4874
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gradi, A., Imataka, H., Svitkin, Y. V., Rom, E., Raught, B., Morino, S., and Sonenberg, N.. 1998. A novel functional human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:334–342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnery, S., Mäivali, Ü., and Mathews, M. B.. 1997. Translation of an uncapped mRNA involves scanning. J. Biol. Chem. 272:21642–21646
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haghighat, A., Svitkin, Y. V., Novoa, I., Kuechler, E., Skern, T., and Sonenberg, N.. 1996. The eIF4G-eIF4E complex is the target for direct cleavage by the rhinovirus 2A proteinase. J. Virol. 70:8445–8450
   Google Scholar
• Hellen, C. U. T., Witherell, G. W., Schmid, M., Shin, S. H., Pestova, T. V., Gil, A., and Wimmer, E.. 1993. A cytoplasmic 57kDa protein that is required for translation of picornavirus RNA by internal ribosome entry is identical to the nuclear pyrimidine tract-binding protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:7642–7646
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Imataka, H., Olsen, H. S., and Sonenberg, N.. 1997. A new translational regulator with homology to eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G. EMBO J. 16:817–825
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Imataka, H., and Sonenberg, N.. 1997. Human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) possesses two separate and independent binding sites for eIF4A. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:6940–6947
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Imataka, H., Gradi, A., and Sonenberg, N.. 1998. A newly identified N-terminal amino acid sequence of human eIF4G binds poly(A)-binding protein and functions in poly(A)-dependent translation. EMBO J. 17:7480–7489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamphear, B. J., Kirchweger, R., Skern, T., and Rhoads, R. E.. 1995. Mapping of functional domains in eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) with picornaviral proteases: implications for cap-dependent and cap-independent translational initiation. J. Biol. Chem. 270:21975–21983
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lamphear, B. J., Yan, R., Yang, F., Waters, D., Liebig, H. D., Klump, H., Kuechler, E., Skern, T., and Rhoads, R. E.. 1993. Mapping of the cleavage site in protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-4γ of the 2A proteases from human coxsackievirus and rhinovirus. J. Biol. Chem. 268:19200–19203
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levy-Strumpf, N., Deiss, L. P., Berissi, H., and Kimchi, A.. 1997. DAP-5, a novel homolog of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G isolated as a putative modulator of gamma interferon-induced programmed cell death. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:1615–1625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Q., Imataka, H., Morino, S., Rogers, G. W.Jr., Richter-Cook, N. J., Merrick, W. C., and Sonenberg, N.. 1999. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4AIII (eIF4AIII) is functionally distinct from eIF4AI and eIF4AII. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:7336–7346
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mader, S., Lee, H., Pause, A., and Sonenberg, N.. 1995. The translation initiation factor eIF4E binds to a common motif shared by the translation factor eIF-4γ and the translational repressors 4E-binding proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:4990–4997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merrick, W. C., and Hershey, J. W. B.. 1996. The pathway and mechanism of eukaryotic protein synthesis Translational control. Hershey, J., Mathews, M., and Sonenberg, N. 31–70 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y
   Google Scholar
• Morley, S. J., Curtis, P. S., and Pain, V. M.. 1997. eIF4G: translation's mystery factor begins to yield its secrets. RNA 3:1085–1104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff, C. L., and Sachs, A. B.. 1999. Eukaryotic translation initiation factors 4G and 4A from Saccharomyces cerevisiae interact physically and functionally. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:5557–5564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pain, V. M.. 1996. Initiation of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 236:747–771
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pestova, T. V., Hellen, C. U. T., and Shatsky, I. N.. 1996. Canonical eukaryotic initiation factors determine initiation of translation by internal ribosomal entry. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:6859–6869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pestova, T. V., Shatsky, I. N., and Hellen, C. U. T.. 1996. Functional dissection of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F: the 4A subunit and the central domain of the 4G subunit are sufficient to mediate internal entry of 43S preinitiation complexes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:6870–6878
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pestova, T. V., Borukhov, S. I., and Hellen, C. U. T.. 1998. Eukaryotic ribosomes require initiation factors 1 and 1A to locate initiation codons. Nature 394:854–859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyronnet, S., Imataka, H., Gingras, A.-C., Fukunaga, R., Hunter, T., and Sonenberg, N.. 1999. Human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) recruits Mnk1 to phosphorylate eIF4E. EMBO J. 18:270–279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachs, A. B., Sarnow, P., and Hentze, M. W.. 1997. Starting at the beginning, middle, and end: translation initiation in eukaryotes. Cell 89:831–838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonenberg, N.. 1996. mRNA 5′ cap-binding protein eIF4E and control of cell growth Translational control. Hershey, J., Mathews, M., and Sonenberg, N. 271–294 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y
   Google Scholar
• Waskiewicz, A. J., Flynn, A., Proud, C. G., and Cooper, J. A.. 1997. Mitogen-activated protein kinases activate the serine/threonine kinases Mnk1 and Mnk2. EMBO J. 16:1909–1920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waskiewicz, A. J., Johnson, J. C., Penn, B., Mahalingam, M., Kimball, S. R., and Cooper, J. A.. 1999. Phosphorylation of the cap-binding protein eIF4E by the protein kinase Mnk1 in vivo. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:1871–1880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamanaka, S., Poksay, K. S., Arnold, K. S., and Innerarity, T. L.. 1997. A novel translational repressor mRNA is edited extensively in livers containing tumors caused by the transgene expression of the apoB mRNA-editing enzyme. Genes Dev. 11:321–333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, R., Rychlik, W., Etchsion, D., and Rhoads, R. E.. 1992. Amino acid sequence of the human protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-4γ. J. Biol. Chem. 267:23226–23231
   PubMedGoogle Scholar