Participation of the C-Terminal Domain of RNA Polymerase II in Exon Definition during Pre-mRNA Splicing

REFERENCES

• Adams, M. D., Rudner, D. Z., and Rio, D. C.. 1996. Biochemistry and regulation of pre-mRNA splicing. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8:331–339
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bauren, G., and Wieslander, L.. 1994. Splicing of Balbiani ring 1 gene pre-mRNA occurs simultaneously with transcription. Cell 76:183–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentley, D.. 1999. Coupling RNA polymerase II transcription with pre-mRNA processing. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11:347–351
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berget, S. M.. 1995. Exon recognition in vertebrate splicing. J. Biol. Chem. 270:2411–2414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyer, A. L., Yvonne, N., and Osheim, Y. N.. 1988. Splice site selection, rate of splicing, and alternative splicing on nascent transcripts. Genes Dev. 2:754–765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, D. L.. 1995. Finding splice sites in a wilderness of RNA. RNA 1:763–771
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bregman, D. B., Du, L., van der Zee, S., and Warren, S. L.. 1995. Transcription-dependent redistribution of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II to discrete nuclear domains. J. Cell Biol. 129:287–298
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chabot, B., Bisotto, S., and Vincent, M.. 1995. The nuclear matrix phosphoprotein p255 associates with splicing complexes as part of the [U4/U6.U5] tri-snRNP particle. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:3206–3213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, E. J., Takagi, T., Moore, C. R., and Buratowski, S.. 1997. mRNA capping enzyme is recruited to the transcription complex by phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain. Genes Dev. 11:3319–3326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corden, J. L.. 1990. Tails of RNA polymerase II. Trends Biochem. Sci. 10:383–387
   Google Scholar
• Corden, J. L., and Patturajan, M.. 1997. A CTD function linking transcription to splicing. Trends Biochem. Sci. 22:413–416
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cramer, P., Caceres, J. F., Cazalla, D., Kadener, S., Muro, A. F., Baralle, F. E., and Kornblihtt, A. R.. 1999. Coupling of transcription with alternative splicing: RNA pol II promoters modulate SF2/ASF and 9G8 effects on an exonic splicing enhancer. Mol. Cell 4:251–258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahmus, M. E.. 1994. The role of multisite phosphorylation in the regulation of RNA polymerase II activity. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 48:143–179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahmus, M. E.. 1995. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1261:171–182
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Du, L., and Warren, S. L.. 1997. A functional interaction between the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and pre-mRNA splicing. J. Cell Biol. 136:5–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dye, M. J., and Proudfoot, N. J.. 1999. Terminal exon definition occurs cotranscriptionally and promotes termination of RNA polymerase II. Mol. Cell 3:371–378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eperon, I. C., Ireland, D. C., Smith, R. A., Mayeda, A., and Krainer, A. R.. 1993. Pathways for selection of 5′ splice sites by U1 snRNPs and SF2/ASF. EMBO J. 12:3607–3617
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenleaf, A. L.. 1993. A positive addition to a negative tail's tale. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:10896–10897
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harlow, E., and Lane, D.. 1988. Antibodies: a laboratory manual 521–523 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview, N.Y
   Google Scholar
• Hatton, A. R., Subramaniam, V., and Lopez, A. J.. 1998. Generation of alternative Ultrabithorax isoforms and stepwise removal of a large intron by replacing at exon-exon junctions. Mol. Cell 2:787–796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirose, Y., and Manley, J. L.. 1998. RNA polymerase II is an essential mRNA polyadenylation factor. Nature 395:93–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirose, Y., Tacke, R., and Manley, J. L.. 1999. Phosphorylated RNA polymerase II stimulates pre-mRNA splicing. Genes Dev. 13:1234–1239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, C. K., Sriskanda, V., McCracken, S., Bentley, D., Schwer, B., and Shuman, S.. 1998. The guanylyltransferase domain of mammalian mRNA capping enzyme binds to the phosphorylated carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. J. Biol. Chem. 273:9577–9585
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jamison, S. F., Pasman, Z., Wang, J., Wil, C., Luhrmann, R., Manley, J. L., and Garcia-Blanco, M. A.. 1995. U1 snRNP-ASF/SF2 interaction and 5′ splice site recognition: characterization of required elements. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:3260–3267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, O., Jiang, Y., and Chasin, L. A.. 1993. Order of intron removal during splicing of endogenous adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and dihydrofolate reductase pre-mRNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:6211–6222
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim, E., Du, L., Bregman, D. B., and Warren, S. L.. 1997. Splicing factors associate with hyperphosphorylated RNA polymerase II in the absence of pre-mRNA. J. Cell Biol. 136:19–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. M., and Greenleaf, A. L.. 1989. A protein kinase that phosphorylates the C-terminal repeat domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:3624–3628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, J. D., Izaurralde, E., Jarmolowski, A., McGuigan, C., and Mattaj, I. W.. 1996. A nuclear cap-binding complex facilitates association of U1 snRNP with the cap-proximal 5′ splice site. Genes Dev. 10:1683–1698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lou, H., Gagel, R. F., and Berget, S. M.. 1996. An intron enhancer recognized by splicing factors activates polyadenylation. Genes Dev. 10:208–219
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCracken, S., Fong, N., Yankulov, K., Ballantyne, S., Pan, G., Greenblatt, J., Patterson, S. D., Wickens, M., and Bentley, D. L.. 1997. The C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II couples mRNA processing to transcription. Nature 385:357–361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCracken, S., Fong, N., Rosonina, E., Yankulov, K., Brothers, G., Siderovski, D., Hessel, A., Foster, S., Amgen EST Program, Shuman, S., and Bentley, D. L.. 1997. 5′-capping enzymes are targeted to pre-mRNA by binding to the phosphorylated carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Genes Dev. 11:3306–3318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough, A. J., and Berget, S. M.. 1997. G triplets located throughout a class of small vertebrate introns enforce intron borders and regulate splice site selection. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:4562–4571
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mortillaro, M. J., Blencowe, B. J., Wei, X., Nakayasu, H., Du, L., Warren, S. L., Sharp, P. A., and Berezney, R.. 1996. A hyperphosphorylated form of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II is associated with splicing complexes and the nuclear matrix. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:8253–8257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neugebauer, K. M., and Roth, M. B.. 1997. Transcription units as RNA processing units. Genes Dev. 11:3279–3285
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niwa, M., Rose, S. D., and Berget, S. M.. 1990. Polyadenylation is stimulated by the presence of an upstream intron. Genes Dev. 4:1552–1559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niwa, M., and Berget, S. M.. 1991. Polyadenylation precedes splicing in vitro. Gene Exp. 1:5–14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Brien, T., Hardin, S., Greenleaf, A., and Lis, J. T.. 1994. Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain and transcriptional elongation. Nature 370:75–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patturajan, M., Wei, X., Berezney, R., and Corden, J. L.. 1998. A nuclear matrix protein interacts with the phosphorylated C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:2406–2415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patturajan, M., Schulte, R. J., Sefton, B. M., Berezney, R., Vincent, M., Bensaude, O., Warren, S. L., and Corden, J. L.. 1998. Growth-related changes in phosphorylation of yeast RNA polymerase II. J. Biol. Chem. 273:4689–4694
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reed, R.. 1996. Initial splice-site recognition and pairing during pre-mRNA splicing. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 6:215–220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robberson, B. L., Cote, G. J., and Berget, S. M.. 1990. Exon definition may facilitate splice site selection in RNAs with multiple exons. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:84–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuman, S.. 1997. Origins of mRNA identity: capping enzymes bind to the phosphorylated C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:12758–12760
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steinmetz, E. J.. 1997. Pre-mRNA processing and the CTD of RNA polymerase II: the tail that wags the dog? Cell 89:491–494
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Talerico, M., and Berget, S. M.. 1990. Effect of 5′ splice site mutations on splicing of the preceding intron. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:6299–6305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, N. E., Steinberg, T. H., Aronson, D. B., and Burgess, R. R.. 1989. Inhibition of in vivo and in vitro transcription by monoclonal antibodies prepared against wheat germ RNA polymerase II that react with the heptapeptide repeat of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II. J. Biol. Chem. 264:11511–11520
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xiao, S. H., and Manley, J. L.. 1997. Phosphorylation of the ASF/SF2 RS domain affects both protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions and is necessary for splicing. Genes Dev. 11:334–344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yue, Z., Maldonado, E., Pillutla, R., Cho, H., Reinberg, D., and Shatkin, A. J.. 1997. Mammalian capping enzyme complements mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking mRNA guanylyltransferase and selectively binds the elongating form of RNA polymerase II. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:12898–12903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuryev, A., Patturajan, M., Litingtung, Y., Joshi, R. V., Gentile, C., Gebara, M., and Corden, J. L.. 1996. The C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II interacts with a novel set of serine/arginine-rich proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:6975–6980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., and Corden, J. L.. 1991. Phosphorylation causes a conformational change in the carboxyl-terminal domain of the mouse RNA polymerase II largest subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 266:2297–2302
   PubMedGoogle Scholar