Intramuscular Corticosteroid Therapy in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata: A Time-to-Event Analysis

References

• Strazzulla LC, Wang EHC, Avila L, et al. Alopecia areata: disease characteristics, clinical evaluation, and new perspectives on pathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(1):1–12. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.1141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khunkhet S, Vachiramon V, Suchonwanit P. Trichoscopic clues for diagnosis of alopecia areata and trichotillomania in Asians. Int J Dermatol. 2017;56(2):161–165. doi:10.1111/ijd.13453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suchonwanit P, Udompanich S, Thadanipon K, Chanprapaph K. Trichoscopic signs in systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparative study with 109 patients and 305 healthy controls. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(4):774–780. doi:10.1111/jdv.15421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finner AM. Alopecia areata: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and unusual cases. Dermatol Ther. 2011;24(3):348–354. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2011.01413.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leerunyakul K, Suchonwanit P. Asian hair: a review of structures, properties, and distinctive disorders. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2020;13:309–318. doi:10.2147/ccid.S247390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thadanipon K, Suchonwanit P. Measuring patient quality of life following treatment for alopecia. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2021;15:1601–1610. doi:10.2147/ppa.S282399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt CH, King LE, Messenger AG, Christiano AM, Sundberg JP. Alopecia areata. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17011. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald Hull SP, Wood ML, Hutchinson PE, Sladden M, Messenger AG; British Association of D. Guidelines for the management of alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149(4):692–699. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05535.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suchonwanit P, Hector CE, Bin Saif GA, McMichael AJ. Factors affecting the severity of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. Int J Dermatol. 2016;55(6):e338–343. doi:10.1111/ijd.13061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roest YBM, van Middendorp HT, Evers AWM, van de Kerkhof PCM, Pasch MC. Nail involvement in alopecia areata: a questionnaire-based survey on clinical signs, impact on quality of life and review of the literature. Acta Derm Venereol. 2018;98(2):212–217. doi:10.2340/00015555-2810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chanprapaph K, Udompanich S, Visessiri Y, Ngamjanyaporn P, Suchonwanit P. Nonscarring alopecia in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study with trichoscopic, histopathologic, and immunopathologic analyses. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(6):1319–1329. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2019.05.053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suchonwanit P, Triamchaisri S, Wittayakornrerk S, Rattanakaemakorn P. Leprosy reaction in Thai population: a 20-year retrospective study. Dermatol Res Pract. 2015;2015:253154. doi:10.1155/2015/253154
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chanprapaph K, Mahasaksiri T, Kositkuljorn C, Leerunyakul K, Suchonwanit P. Prevalence and risk factors associated with the occurrence of autoimmune diseases in patients with alopecia areata. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:4881–4891. doi:10.2147/jir.S331579
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Ovidio R. Alopecia Areata: news on diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2014;149(1):25–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messenger AG, Slater DN, Bleehen SS. Alopecia areata: alterations in the hair growth cycle and correlation with the follicular pathology. Br J Dermatol. 1986;114(3):337–347. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02825.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suchonwanit P, Rojhirunsakool S, Khunkhet S. A randomized, investigator-blinded, controlled, split-scalp study of the efficacy and safety of a 1550-nm fractional erbium-glass laser, used in combination with topical 5% minoxidil versus 5% minoxidil alone, for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Lasers Med Sci. 2019;34(9):1857–1864. doi:10.1007/s10103-019-02783-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee S, Lee WS. Management of alopecia areata: updates and algorithmic approach. J Dermatol. 2017;44(11):1199–1211. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.13933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messenger AG, McKillop J, Farrant P, McDonagh AJ, Sladden M. British Association of Dermatologists’ guidelines for the management of alopecia areata 2012. Br J Dermatol. 2012;166(5):916–926. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10955.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahasaksiri T, Kositkuljorn C, Anuntrangsee T, Suchonwanit P. Application of topical immunotherapy in the treatment of alopecia areata: a review and update. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2021;15:1285–1298. doi:10.2147/dddt.S297858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suchonwanit P, Iamsumang W, Rojhirunsakool S. Efficacy of Topical Combination of 0.25% Finasteride and 3% Minoxidil Versus 3% Minoxidil Solution in Female Pattern Hair Loss: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2019;20(1):147–153. doi:10.1007/s40257-018-0387-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meephansan J, Thummakriengkrai J, Ponnikorn S, Yingmema W, Deenonpoe R, Suchonwanit P. Efficacy of topical tofacitinib in promoting hair growth in non-scarring alopecia: possible mechanism via VEGF induction. Arch Dermatol Res. 2017;309(9):729–738. doi:10.1007/s00403-017-1777-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sriphojanart T, Khunkhet S, Suchonwanit P. A retrospective comparative study of the efficacy and safety of two regimens of diphenylcyclopropenone in the treatment of recalcitrant alopecia areata. Dermatol Reports. 2017;9(2):7399. doi:10.4081/dr.2017.7399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rattananukrom T, Suchonwanit P. Are drug treatment strategies really effective against alopecia areata? Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2021;22(3):257–260. doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1854728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shreberk-Hassidim R, Ramot Y, Gilula Z, Zlotogorski A. A systematic review of pulse steroid therapy for alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(2):372–374e371-375. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.09.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumaresan M. Intralesional steroids for alopecia areata. Int J Trichology. 2010;2(1):63–65. doi:10.4103/0974-7753.66920
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alkhalifah A, Alsantali A, Wang E, McElwee KJ, Shapiro J. Alopecia areata update: part II. Treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62(2):191–202. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2009.10.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strazzulla LC, Wang EHC, Avila L, et al. Alopecia areata: an appraisal of new treatment approaches and overview of current therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(1):15–24. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.1142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas LW, Elsensohn A, Bergheim T, Shiu J, Ganesan A, Secrest A. Intramuscular steroids in the treatment of dermatologic disease: a systematic review. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(3):323–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurosawa M, Nakagawa S, Mizuashi M, et al. A comparison of the efficacy, relapse rate and side effects among three modalities of systemic corticosteroid therapy for alopecia areata. Dermatology. 2006;212(4):361–365. doi:10.1159/000092287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo J, Lee YI, Hwang S, Zheng Z, Kim DY. Intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide: an undervalued option for refractory alopecia areata. J Dermatol. 2017;44(2):173–179. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.13533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michalowski R, Kuczynska L. Long-term intramuscular triamcinolon-acetonide therapy in alopecia areata totalis and universalis. Arch Dermatol Res. 1978;261(1):73–76. doi:10.1007/BF00455378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy S, Ananthakrishnan S, Garg A. A prospective observational study evaluating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis alteration and efficacy of intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide for steroid-responsive dermatologic disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69(2):226–231. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillaha CJ, Rothman S. Therapeutic experiments in alopecia areata with orally administered cortisone. J Am Med Assoc. 1952;150(6):546–550. doi:10.1001/jama.1952.03680060018006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai VWY, Chen G, Gin D, Sinclair R. Systemic treatments for alopecia areata: a systematic review. Australas J Dermatol. 2019;60(1):e1–e13. doi:10.1111/ajd.12913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee S, Kim BJ, Lee YB, Lee WS. Hair regrowth outcomes of contact immunotherapy for patients with alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2018;154(10):1145–1151. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.2312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suchonwanit P, Kositkuljorn C, Mahasaksiri T, Leerunyakul K. A comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of three corticosteroid treatment regimens in patients with alopecia areata. J Dermatolog Treat. 2020;1–6. doi:10.1080/09546634.2020.1773384
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alkhalifah A, Alsantali A, Wang E, McElwee KJ, Shapiro J. Alopecia areata update: part I. Clinical picture, histopathology, and pathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62(2):177–188. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2009.10.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suchonwanit P, Kositkuljorn C, Pomsoong C. Alopecia Areata: an Autoimmune Disease of Multiple Players. Immunotargets Ther. 2021;10:299–312. doi:10.2147/ITT.S266409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lew BL, Shin MK, Sim WY. Acute diffuse and total alopecia: a new subtype of alopecia areata with a favorable prognosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60(1):85–93. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2008.08.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato-Kawamura M, Aiba S, Tagami H. Acute diffuse and total alopecia of the female scalp. A new subtype of diffuse alopecia areata that has a favorable prognosis. Dermatology. 2002;205(4):367–373. doi:10.1159/000066435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen EA, Carson SC, Turney EA. Systemic steroids with or without 2% topical minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol. 1992;128(11):1467–1473. doi:10.1001/archderm.1992.01680210045005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar