References
- Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.21492
- Villanueva A. Hepatocellular Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(15):1450–1462. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1713263
- Galle PR, Forner A, Llovet JM, et al. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69(1):182–236. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019
- Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Murad MH. AASLD guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2016;63(1):261–283. doi:10.1002/hep.28156
- Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009. Hepatology. 2009;50(3):661–662. doi:10.1002/hep.23190
- Fattovich G, Bortolotti F, Donato F. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B: special emphasis on disease progression and prognostic factors. J Hepatol. 2008;48(2):335–352. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2007.11.011
- Lampertico P, Agarwal K, Berg T, et al. EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2017;67(2):370–398. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.021
- Lai CL, Shouval D, Lok AS, et al. Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(10):1011–1020. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa051287
- Chang TT, Gish RG, de Man R, et al. A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(10):1001–1010. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa051285
- Marcellin P, Heathcote EJ, Buti M, et al. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus Adefovir dipivoxil for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(23):2442–2455. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0802878
- Marcellin P, Gane E, Buti M, et al. Regression of cirrhosis during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B: a 5-year open-label follow-up study. Lancet. 2013;381(9865):468–475. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61425-1
- Chang TT, Liaw YF, Wu SS, et al. Long-term entecavir therapy results in the reversal of fibrosis/cirrhosis and continued histological improvement in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2010;52(3):886–893. doi:10.1002/hep.23785
- Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al. Long-term entecavir treatment reduces hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology. 2013;58(1):98–107. doi:10.1002/hep.26180
- Sung JJ, Tsoi KK, Wong VW, Li KC, Chan HL. Meta-analysis: treatment of hepatitis B infection reduces risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28(9):1067–1077. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03816.x
- Papatheodoridis GV, Chan HL, Hansen BE, Janssen HL, Lampertico P. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B: assessment and modification with current antiviral therapy. J Hepatol. 2015;62(4):956–967. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.01.002
- Yim HJ, Kim JH, Park JY, et al. Comparison of clinical practice guidelines for the management of chronic hepatitis B: when to start, when to change, and when to stop. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2020;26(4):411–429. doi:10.3350/cmh.2020.0049
- Liu Y, Wang X, Yang Y. Hepatic Hippo signaling inhibits development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2020;26(4):742–750. doi:10.3350/cmh.2020.0178
- Heimbach JK, Kulik LM, Finn RS, et al. AASLD guidelines for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):358–380. doi:10.1002/hep.29086
- Kim JH, Kim YD, Lee M, et al. Modified PAGE-B score predicts the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asians with chronic hepatitis B on antiviral therapy. J Hepatol. 2018;69(5):1066–1073. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.07.018
- Yuen MF, Tanaka Y, Fong DY, et al. Independent risk factors and predictive score for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol. 2009;50(1):80–88. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2008.07.023
- Lee HW, Yoo EJ, Kim BK, et al. Prediction of development of liver-related events by transient elastography in hepatitis B patients with complete virological response on antiviral therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(8):1241–1249. doi:10.1038/ajg.2014.157
- Papatheodoridis G, Dalekos G, Sypsa V, et al. PAGE-B predicts the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in Caucasians with chronic hepatitis B on 5-year antiviral therapy. J Hepatol. 2016;64(4):800–806. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.035
- Wong GL, Chan HL, Wong CK, et al. Liver stiffness-based optimization of hepatocellular carcinoma risk score in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol. 2014;60(2):339–345. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.09.029
- Wong VW, Chan SL, Mo F, et al. Clinical scoring system to predict hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B carriers. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(10):1660–1665. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.26.2675
- Hsu YC, Yip TC, Ho HJ, et al. Development of a scoring system to predict hepatocellular carcinoma in Asians on antivirals for chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol. 2018;69(2):278–285. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.02.032
- Yang HI, Yuen MF, Chan HL, et al. Risk estimation for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B (REACH-B): development and validation of a predictive score. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(6):568–574. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70077-8
- Yang HI, Sherman M, Su J, et al. Nomograms for risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(14):2437–2444. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.27.4456
- Yu JH, Suh YJ, Jin YJ, et al. Prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma risk in treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B patients receiving entecavir/tenofovir. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;31(7):865–872. doi:10.1097/MEG.0000000000001357
- Sharma SA, Kowgier M, Hansen BE, et al. Toronto HCC risk index: a validated scoring system to predict 10-year risk of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2017;68:92–99.
- Fan R, Papatheodoridis G, Sun J, et al. aMAP risk score predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol. 2020;73(6):1368–1378. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.07.025
- Kirino S, Tamaki N, Kaneko S, et al. Validation of hepatocellular carcinoma risk scores in Japanese chronic hepatitis B cohort receiving nucleot(s)ide analog. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;35(9):1595–1601. doi:10.1111/jgh.14990
- Ji J, Park S, Son W, et al. External validation of CAGE-B and SAGE-B scores for Asian chronic hepatitis B patients with well-controlled viremia by antivirals. J Viral Hepat. 2021;28:951–958. doi:10.1111/jvh.13506
- Güzelbulut F, Gökçen P, Can G, et al. Validation of the HCC-RESCUE score to predict hepatocellular carcinoma risk in Caucasian chronic hepatitis B patients under entecavir or tenofovir therapy. J Viral Hepat. 2021;28:826–836. doi:10.1111/jvh.13485
- Wu S, Zeng N, Sun F, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma prediction models in chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review of 14 models and external validation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19(12):2499–2513. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.02.040
- Bruix J, Sherman M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Hepatology. 2011;53(3):1020–1022. doi:10.1002/hep.24199
- Poh Z, Shen L, Yang HI, et al. Real-world risk score for hepatocellular carcinoma (RWS-HCC): a clinically practical risk predictor for HCC in chronic hepatitis B. Gut. 2016;65(5):887–888. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310818
- Yang HI, Yeh ML, Wong GL, et al. Real-world effectiveness from the Asia pacific rim liver consortium for HBV risk score for the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis b patients treated with oral antiviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2020;221(3):389–399. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz477
- Wang S, Sun H, Xie Z, et al. Improved survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and disparities by age, race, and socioeconomic status by decade, 1983–2012. Oncotarget. 2016;7(37):59820–59833. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.10930
- Goossens N, Singal AG, King LY, et al. Cost-effectiveness of risk score-stratified hepatocellular carcinoma screening in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2017;8(6):e101. doi:10.1038/ctg.2017.26
- Sarasin FP, Giostra E, Hadengue A. Cost-effectiveness of screening for detection of small hepatocellular carcinoma in western patients with Child-Pugh class A cirrhosis. Am J Med. 1996;101(4):422–434. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(96)00197-0
- Papatheodoridis GV, Idilman R, Dalekos GN, et al. The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma decreases after the first 5 years of entecavir or tenofovir in Caucasians with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2017;66(5):1444–1453. doi:10.1002/hep.29320
- Cheuk-Fung Yip T, Wai-Sun Wong V, Lik-Yuen Chan H, et al. Effects of diabetes and glycemic control on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after seroclearance of hepatitis B surface antigen. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;16(5):765–773.e762. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2017.12.009
- Chon HY, Lee JS, Lee HW, et al. Impact of antiviral therapy on risk prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Res. 2021;51(4):406–416. doi:10.1111/hepr.13600