Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy as a Timing Strategy for Conversion Surgery to Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single-Center Real-World Study

References

• Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209–249. doi:10.3322/caac.21660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC. Latest global cancer data Cancer burden rises to 19.3 million new cases and 10.0 million cancer deaths in 2020; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Qiu J, Peng B, Tang Y, et al. CpG methylation signature predicts recurrence in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: results from a multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:734–742. doi:10.1200/JCO.2016.68.2153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cucchetti A, Zhong J, Berhane S, et al. The chances of hepatic resection curing hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2020;72:711–717. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2019.11.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaya FT, Breunig IM, Seal B, et al. Comparative and cost effectiveness of treatment modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma in SEER-Medicare. Pharmacoeconomics. 2014;32(1):63–74. doi:10.1007/s40273-013-0109-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn RS, Qin S, Ikeda M, et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1894–1905. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1915745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn RS, Ikeda M, Zhu AX, et al. Phase Ib study of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:2960–2970. doi:10.1200/JCO.20.00808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren Z, Xu J, Bai Y, et al. Sintilimab plus a bevacizumab biosimilar (IBI305) versus sorafenib in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (ORIENT-32): a randomised, open-label, Phase 2–3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22:977–990. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00252-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abou-Alfa GK, Lau G, Kudo M, et al. Tremelimumab plus Durvalumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. NEJM Evid. 2022;1. doi:10.1056/EVIDoa2100070
   Google Scholar
• Kudo M. Treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with emphasis on hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. Liver Cancer. 2012;1:62–70. doi:10.1159/000342402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda M, Shimizu S, Sato T, et al. Sorafenib plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with cisplatin versus sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: randomized Phase II trial. Ann Oncol. 2016;27:2090–2096. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdw323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueshima K, Kudo M, Tanaka M, et al. Phase I/II study of sorafenib in combination with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using low-dose cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. Liver Cancer. 2015;4:263–273. doi:10.1159/000367751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu L, Zhang YJ, Wang XH, et al. Transarterial infusion chemotherapy (TAI) combined with Sintilimab in locally advanced, potentially resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:e16593–e16593. doi:10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.e16593
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He M, Li Q, Zou R, et al. Sorafenib plus hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin vs sorafenib alone for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein invasion: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019;5:953–960. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.0250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gourd K, Lai C, Reeves C. ESMO Virtual Congress 2020. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21:1403–1404. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30585-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li B, Qiu J, Zheng Y, et al. Conversion to resectability using transarterial chemoembolization combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Open. 2021;2(2):e057. doi:10.1097/AS9.0000000000000057
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang ZF, Luo YJ, Lu Q, et al. Conversion therapy and suitable timing for subsequent salvage surgery for initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: what is new? World J Clin Cases. 2018;6:259–273. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v6.i9.259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau WY, Lai EC. Salvage surgery following downstaging of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma--A strategy to increase resectability. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14:3301–3309. doi:10.1245/s10434-007-9549-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartkowski R, Berger MR, Aguiar JL, et al. Experiments on the efficacy and toxicity of locoregional chemotherapy of liver tumors with 5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridine (FUDR) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in an animal model. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1986;111:42–46. doi:10.1007/BF00402774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuan HY, Smith DE, Ensmiger WD, et al. Regional pharmacokinetics of 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine and 5-fluorouracil in dogs: hepatic arterial versus portal venous infusions. Cancer Res. 1996;56:4724–4727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aloia T, Sebagh M, Plasse M, et al. Liver histology and surgical outcomes after preoperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer liver metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:4983–4990. doi:10.1200/JCO.2006.05.8156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubbia-Brandt L, Audard V, Sartoretti P, et al. Severe hepatic sinusoidal obstruction associated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:460–466. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdh095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi JH, Chung WJ, Bae SH, et al. Randomized, prospective, comparative study on the effects and safety of sorafenib vs. hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2018;82(3):469–478. doi:10.1007/s00280-018-3638-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyu N, Lin Y, Kong Y, et al. FOXAI: a phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil/leucovorin for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut. 2018;67:395–396. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slade JH, Alattar ML, Fogelman DR, et al. Portal hypertension associated with oxaliplatin administration: clinical manifestations of hepatic sinusoidal injury. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2009;8:225–230. doi:10.3816/CCC.2009.n.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overman MJ, Maru DM, Charnsangavej C, et al. Oxaliplatin-mediated increase in spleen size as a biomarker for the development of hepatic sinusoidal injury. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:2549–2555. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.27.5701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arotçarena R, Calès V, Berthelémy P, et al. Severe sinusoidal lesions: a serious and overlooked complication of oxaliplatin-containing chemotherapy? Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique. 2006;30:1313–1316. doi:10.1016/S0399-8320(06)73542-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Agarwal V, Sgouros J, Smithson J, et al. Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (veno-occlusive disease) in a patient receiving bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2008;2:227. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-227
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang P, Qiu J, Li J, et al. Nomograms for pre- and postoperative prediction of long-term survival for patients who underwent hepatectomy for multiple hepatocellular carcinomas. Ann Surg. 2016;263:778–786. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000001339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaible A, Schemmer P, Hackert T, et al. Location of a biliary leak after liver resection determines success of endoscopic treatment. Surg Endosc. 2017;31:1814–1820. doi:10.1007/s00464-016-5178-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahbari NN, Garden OJ, Padbury R, et al. Post-hepatectomy haemorrhage: a definition and grading by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS). HPB. 2011;13:528–535. doi:10.1111/j.1477-2574.2011.00319.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyu N, Kong Y, Mu L, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil/leucovorin vs. sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69:60–69. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.02.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li QJ, He MK, Chen HW, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin versus transarterial chemoembolization for large hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized Phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2022;40:150–160. doi:10.1200/JCO.21.00608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He MK, Le Y, Li QJ, et al. Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy using mFOLFOX versus transarterial chemoembolization for massive unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective non-randomized study. Chin J Cancer. 2017;36:83. doi:10.1186/s40880-017-0251-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qin S, Bai Y, Lim HY, et al. Randomized, multicenter, open-label study of oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil/leucovorin versus doxorubicin as palliative chemotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma from Asia. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:3501–3508. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.44.5643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soubrane O, Brouquet A, Zalinski S, et al. Predicting high grade lesions of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome related to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases: correlation with post-hepatectomy outcome. Ann Surg. 2010;251:454–460. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181c79403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakano H, Oussoultzoglou E, Rosso E, et al. Sinusoidal injury increases morbidity after major hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases receiving preoperative chemotherapy. Ann Surg. 2008;247:118–124. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31815774de
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao J, van Mierlo KMC, Gomez-Ramirez J, et al. Systematic review of the influence of chemotherapy-associated liver injury on outcome after partial hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg. 2017;104:990–1002. doi:10.1002/bjs.10572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karoui M, Penna C, Amin-Hashem M, et al. Influence of preoperative chemotherapy on the risk of major hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg. 2006;243:1–7. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000193603.26265.c3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigano L, De Rosa G, Toso C, et al. Reversibility of chemotherapy-related liver injury. J Hepatol. 2017;67:84–91. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.02.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang W, Hu B, Han J, et al. 174P A real-world study of PD-1 inhibitors combined with TKIs for HCC with major vascular invasion as the conversion therapy: a prospective, non-randomized, open-label cohort study. Ann Oncol. 2020;31:S1307. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.195
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarchoan M, Zhu QF, Durham JN, et al. Feasibility and efficacy of neoadjuvant cabozantinib and nivolumab in patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). J Clin Oncol. 2021;39:335. doi:10.1200/JCO.2021.39.3_suppl.335
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kishi Y, Zorzi D, Contreras CM, et al. Extended preoperative chemotherapy does not improve pathologic response and increases postoperative liver insufficiency after hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17:2870–2876. doi:10.1245/s10434-010-1166-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamandl D, Klinger M, Eipeldauer S, et al. Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome impairs long-term outcome of colorectal liver metastases treated with resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18:421–430. doi:10.1245/s10434-010-1317-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He MK, Liang RB, Zhao Y, et al. Lenvatinib, toripalimab, plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus lenvatinib alone for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2021;13:17588359211002720. doi:10.1177/17588359211002720
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X, Lin J, Zhao H. Potential areas of interest in a trial of sorafenib plus hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JAMA Oncol. 2019. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.4049
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kudo M, Ueshima K, Yokosuka O, et al. Sorafenib plus low-dose cisplatin and fluorouracil hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus sorafenib alone in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (SILIUS): a randomised, open label, Phase 3 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;3:424–432. doi:10.1016/S2468-1253(18)30078-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar