118
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum (CNAPS): applications in oncology

, &
Pages 819-832 | Published online: 08 Jul 2013

References

  • World Health Organization [homepage on the Internet] Available from: http://www.who.int/features/qa/15/en/Accessed June 6, 2013
  • JacobsELHaskellCMClinical use of tumor markers in oncologyCurr Probl Cancer19911562993601760927
  • FleischhackerMSchmidtBCirculating nucleic acids (CNAs) and cancer – a surveyBiochim Biophys Acta20071775118123217137717
  • MandelPMétaisPLes acides nucléiques du plasma sanguin chez l’homme [The nucleic acids of blood plasma in humans]Compte Rendu de l’Academie des Sciences1948142241243 French
  • LeonSAShapiroBSklaroffDMYarosMJFree DNA in the serum of cancer patients and the effect of therapyCancer Res1977373646650837366
  • StrounMAnkerPMauricePLyauteyJLederreyCBeljanskiMNeoplastic characteristics of the DNA found in the plasma of cancer patientsOncology19894653183222779946
  • SorensonGDPribishDMValoneFHMemoliVABzikDJYaoSLSoluble normal and mutated DNA sequences from single-copy genes in human bloodCancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev19943167718118388
  • VasioukhinVAnkerPMauricePLyauteyJLederreyCStrounMPoint mutations of the N-ras gene in the blood plasma DNA of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukaemiaBr J Haematol19948647747797918071
  • JungKFleischhackerMRabienACell-free DNA in the blood as a solid tumor biomarker – a critical appraisal of the literatureClin Chim Acta201041121–221611162420688053
  • SchwarzenbachHHoonDSPantelKCell-free nucleic acids as biomarkers in cancer patientsNat Rev Cancer201111642643721562580
  • YuMSomatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in human cancersAdv Clin Chem2012579913822870588
  • TsangJCLoYMCirculating nucleic acids in plasma/serumPathology200739219720717454749
  • GiovannettiEErozenciASmitJDanesiRPetersGJMolecular mechanisms underlying the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in anticancer drug resistance and implications for clinical practiceCrit Rev Oncol Hematol201281210312221546262
  • GahanPBAnkerPStrounMMetabolic DNA as the origin of spontaneously released DNA?Ann N Y Acad Sci2008113771718837918
  • HoldenriederSStieberPBodenmüllerHCirculating nucleosomes in serumAnn N Y Acad Sci20019459310211708501
  • HoldenriederSStieberPBodenmüllerHNucleosomes in serum as a marker for cell deathClin Chem Lab Med200139759660511522104
  • IguchiHKosakaNOchiyaTSecretory microRNAs as a versatile communication toolCommun Integr Biol20103547848121057646
  • ValadiHEkströmKBossiosASjöstrandMLeeJJLötvallJOExosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cellsNat Cell Biol20079665465917486113
  • García-OlmoDCGarcía-OlmoDBiological role of cell-free nucleic acids in cancer: the theory of genometastasisCrit Rev Oncog2013181–215316123237557
  • JahrSHentzeHEnglischSDNA fragments in the blood plasma of cancer patients: quantitations and evidence for their origin from apoptotic and necrotic cellsCancer Res20016141659166511245480
  • StrounMLyauteyJLederreyCOlson-SandAAnkerPAbout the possible origin and mechanism of circulating DNA apoptosis and active DNA releaseClin Chim Acta20013131–213914211694251
  • LiCNHsuHLWuTLTsaoKCSunCFWuJTCell-free DNA is released from tumor cells upon cell death: a study of tissue cultures of tumor cell linesJ Clin Lab Anal200317410310712784257
  • ChoiJJReichCFPisetskyDSThe role of macrophages in the in vitro generation of extracellular DNA from apoptotic and necrotic cellsImmunology20051151556215819697
  • StrounMMauricePVasioukhinVThe origin and mechanism of circulating DNAAnn N Y Acad Sci200090616116810818614
  • ThijssenMASwinkelsDWRuersTJde KokJBDifference between free circulating plasma and serum DNA in patients with colorectal liver metastasesAnticancer Res2002221A42142512017326
  • MurtazaMDawsonSJTsuiDWNon-invasive analysis of acquired resistance to cancer therapy by sequencing of plasma DNANature2013497744710811223563269
  • DiehlFLiMDressmanDDetection and quantification of mutations in the plasma of patients with colorectal tumorsProc Natl Acad Sci USA200510245163681637316258065
  • GiaconaMBRubenGCIczkowskiKARoosTBPorterDMSorensonGDCell-free DNA in human blood plasma: length measurements in patients with pancreatic cancer and healthy controlsPancreas199817189979667526
  • SuzukiNKamatakiAYamakiJHommaYCharacterization of circulating DNA in healthy human plasmaClin Chim Acta20083871–2555817916343
  • HoldenriederSStieberPChanLYCell-free DNA in serum and plasma: comparison of ELISA and quantitative PCRClin Chem20055181544154616040855
  • HasselmannDORapplGTilgenWReinholdUExtracellular tyrosinase mRNA within apoptotic bodies is protected from degradation in human serumClin Chem20014781488148911468248
  • CherepanovaAVTamkovichSNBryzgunovaOEVlassovVVLaktionovPPDeoxyribonuclease activity and circulating DNA concentration in blood plasma of patients with prostate tumorsAnn N Y Acad Sci2008113721822118837950
  • FrattiniMGallinoGSignoroniSQuantitative analysis of plasma DNA in colorectal cancer patients: a novel prognostic toolAnn N Y Acad Sci2006107518519017108210
  • SozziGConteDLeonMQuantification of free circulating DNA as a diagnostic marker in lung cancerJ Clin Oncol200321213902390814507943
  • SzpechcinskiAChorostowska-WynimkoJKupisWQuantitative analysis of free-circulating DNA in plasma of patients with resectable NSCLCExpert Opin Biol Ther201212 Suppl 1S3S922559166
  • PaciMMaramottiSBellesiaECirculating plasma DNA as diagnostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancerLung Cancer2009641929718804892
  • CatarinoRFerreiraMMRodriguesHQuantification of free circulating tumor DNA as a diagnostic marker for breast cancerDNA Cell Biol200827841542118694299
  • HashadDSorourAGhazalATalaatIFree circulating tumor DNA as a diagnostic marker for breast cancerJ Clin Lab Anal201226646747223143630
  • SaiSIchikawaDTomitaHQuantification of plasma cell-free DNA in patients with gastric cancerAnticancer Res2007274C2747275117695442
  • TomitaHIchikawaDIkomaDQuantification of circulating plasma DNA fragments as tumor markers in patients with esophageal cancerAnticancer Res2007274C2737274117695440
  • ShapiroBChakrabartyMCohnEMLeonSADetermination of circulating DNA levels in patients with benign or malignant gastrointestinal diseaseCancer19835111211621206188527
  • YoonKAParkSLeeSHKimJHLeeJSComparison of circulating plasma DNA levels between lung cancer patients and healthy controlsJ Mol Diagn200911318218519324991
  • ZhangRShaoFWuXYingKValue of quantitative analysis of circulating cell free DNA as a screening tool for lung cancer: a meta-analysisLung Cancer201069222523120004997
  • ChangHWLeeSMGoodmanSNAssessment of plasma DNA levels, allelic imbalance, and CA 125 as diagnostic tests for cancerJ Natl Cancer Inst200294221697170312441325
  • AtamaniukJVidottoCTschanHBachlNStuhlmeierKMMüllerMMIncreased concentrations of cell-free plasma DNA after exhaustive exerciseClin Chem20045091668167015331502
  • LaktionovPPTamkovichSNRykovaEYExtracellular circulating nucleic acids in human plasma in health and diseaseNucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids2004236–787988315560076
  • LoYMRainerTHChanLYHjelmNMCocksRAPlasma DNA as a prognostic marker in trauma patientsClin Chem200046331932310702517
  • WuTLZhangDChiaJHTsaoKSunCFWuJTCell-free DNA: measurement in various carcinomas and establishment of normal reference rangeClin Chim Acta20023211–2778712031596
  • LecomteTCezeNDorvalELaurent-PuigPCirculating free tumor DNA and colorectal cancerGastroenterol Clin Biol2010341266268120832215
  • García-OlmoDCSamosJPicazoMGAsensioAITobosoIGarcía-OlmoDRelease of cell-free DNA into the bloodstream leads to high levels of non-tumor plasma DNA during tumor progression in ratsCancer Lett2008272113314018707808
  • García-OlmoDCPicazoMGTobosoIAsensioAIGarcía-OlmoDQuantitation of cell-free DNA and RNA in plasma during tumor progression in ratsMol Cancer201312823374730
  • AgostiniMPucciarelliSEnzoMVCirculating cell-free DNA: a promising marker of pathologic tumor response in rectal cancer patients receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapyAnn Surg Oncol20111892461246821416156
  • FrattiniMGallinoGSignoroniSQuantitative and qualitative characterization of plasma DNA identifies primary and recurrent colorectal cancerCancer Lett2008263217018118395974
  • HoldenriederSStieberPvon PawelJCirculating nucleosomes predict the response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancerClin Cancer Res20041018 Pt 15981598715447981
  • HoldenriederSNagelDSchalhornAClinical relevance of circulating nucleosomes in cancerAnn N Y Acad Sci2008113718018918837945
  • GormallyECabouxEVineisPHainautPCirculating free DNA in plasma or serum as biomarker of carcinogenesis: practical aspects and biological significanceMutat Res20076352–310511717257890
  • WangBGHuangHYChenYCIncreased plasma DNA integrity in cancer patientsCancer Res200363143966396812873992
  • UmetaniNKimJHiramatsuSIncreased integrity of free circulating DNA in sera of patients with colorectal or periampullary cancer: direct quantitative PCR for ALU repeatsClin Chem20065261062106916723681
  • UmetaniNGiulianoAEHiramatsuSHPrediction of breast tumor progression by integrity of free circulating DNA in serumJ Clin Oncol200624264270427616963729
  • ChenHSunLYZhengHQZhangQFJinXMTotal serum DNA and DNA integrity: diagnostic value in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinomaPathology201244431832422531347
  • JiangWWZahurakMGoldenbergDIncreased plasma DNA integrity index in head and neck cancer patientsInt J Cancer2006119112673267616991120
  • PinzaniPSalviantiFZaccaraSCirculating cell-free DNA in plasma of melanoma patients: qualitative and quantitative considerationsClin Chim Acta201141223–242141214521839068
  • GaoYJHeYJYangZLIncreased integrity of circulating cell-free DNA in plasma of patients with acute leukemiaClin Chem Lab Med201048111651165620831457
  • ChanKCLeungSFYeungSWChanATLoYMPersistent aberrations in circulating DNA integrity after radiotherapy are associated with poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patientsClin Cancer Res200814134141414518593992
  • CasadioVCalistriDTebaldiMUrine Cell-Free DNA integrity as a marker for early bladder cancer diagnosis: Preliminary dataUrol Oncol2012 Epub119
  • HoldenriederSBurgesAReichOSpelsbergFWStieberPDNA integrity in plasma and serum of patients with malignant and benign diseasesAnn N Y Acad Sci2008113716217018837942
  • KopreskiMSBenkoFABorysDJKhanAMcGarrityTJGockeCDSomatic mutation screening: identification of individuals harboring K-ras mutations with the use of plasma DNAJ Natl Cancer Inst2000921191892310841827
  • SorensonGDA review of studies on the detection of mutated KRAS2 sequences as tumor markers in plasma/serum of patients with gastrointestinal cancerAnn N Y Acad Sci2000906131610818588
  • GarciaJMSilvaJMDominguezGSilvaJBonillaFHeterogeneous tumor clones as an explanation of discordance between plasma DNA and tumor DNA alterationsGenes Chromosomes Cancer200131330030111391802
  • MaireFMicardSHammelPDifferential diagnosis between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer: value of the detection of KRAS2 mutations in circulating DNABr J Cancer200287555155412189555
  • CastellsAPuigPMóraJK-ras mutations in DNA extracted from the plasma of patients with pancreatic carcinoma: diagnostic utility and prognostic significanceJ Clin Oncol199917257858410080602
  • GormallyEVineisPMatulloGTP53 and KRAS2 mutations in plasma DNA of healthy subjects and subsequent cancer occurrence: a prospective studyCancer Res200666136871687616818665
  • ChenZFengJBuzinCHAnalysis of cancer mutation signatures in blood by a novel ultra-sensitive assay: monitoring of therapy or recurrence in non-metastatic breast cancerPLoS One200949e722019789704
  • DiehlFSchmidtKChotiMACirculating mutant DNA to assess tumor dynamicsNat Med200814998599018670422
  • LevyMBenesovaLLipskaLUtility of cell-free tumour DNA for post-surgical follow-up of colorectal cancer patientsAnticancer Res20123251621162622593440
  • RyanBMLefortFMcManusRA prospective study of circulating mutant KRAS2 in the serum of patients with colorectal neoplasia: strong prognostic indicator in postoperative follow upGut200352110110812477769
  • PageKHavaNWardBDetection of HER2 amplification in circulating free DNA in patients with breast cancerBr J Cancer201110481342134821427727
  • DawsonSJTsuiDWMurtazaMAnalysis of circulating tumor DNA to monitor metastatic breast cancerN Engl J Med2013368131199120923484797
  • GadgeelSMCoteMLSchwartzAGMatherlyLHWozniakABeplerGParameters for individualizing systemic therapy in non-small cell lung cancerDrug Resist Updat201013619620421051275
  • RosellRVergnenegreALiuBBiomarkers in lung oncologyPulm Pharmacol Ther201023650851420471486
  • MackPCHollandWSBurichRAEGFR mutations detected in plasma are associated with patient outcomes in erlotinib plus docetaxel-treated non-small cell lung cancerJ Thorac Oncol20094121466147219884861
  • EstellerMSanchez-CespedesMRosellRSidranskyDBaylinSBHermanJGDetection of aberrant promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in serum DNA from non-small cell lung cancer patientsCancer Res199959167709892187
  • LoYMWongIHZhangJTeinMSNgMHHjelmNMQuantitative analysis of aberrant p16 methylation using real-time quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reactionCancer Res199959163899390310463578
  • CascianoIVinciADBanelliBCirculating tumor nucleic acids: perspective in breast CancerBreast care (Basel)201052758020847818
  • RadpourRBarekatiZKohlerCHypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes involved in critical regulatory pathways for developing a blood-based test in breast cancerPLoS One201161e1608021283676
  • WongIHLoYMZhangJDetection of aberrant p16 methylation in the plasma and serum of liver cancer patientsCancer Res199959171739892188
  • SilvaJMDominguezGVillanuevaMJAberrant DNA methylation of the p16INK4a gene in plasma DNA of breast cancer patientsBr J Cancer19998081262126410376981
  • TsutsuiMIizukaNMoribeTMethylated cyclin D2 gene circulating in the blood as a prognosis predictor of hepatocellular carcinomaClin Chim Acta20104117–851652020064498
  • LingZQZhaoQZhouSLMaoWMMSH2 promoter hypermethylation in circulating tumor DNA is a valuable predictor of disease-free survival for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomaEur J Surg Oncol201238432633222265839
  • GoesslCMüllerMStraubBMillerKDNA alterations in body fluids as molecular tumor markers for urological malignanciesEur Urol200241666867612074786
  • IriyamaCTomitaAHoshinoHUsing peripheral blood circulating DNAs to detect CpG global methylation status and genetic mutations in patients with myelodysplastic syndromeBiochem Biophys Res Commun2012419466266922382018
  • FieglHMillingerSMueller-HolznerECirculating tumor-specific DNA: a marker for monitoring efficacy of adjuvant therapy in cancer patientsCancer Res20056541141114515734995
  • SchwarzenbachHMüllerVStahmannNPantelKDetection and characterization of circulating microsatellite-DNA in blood of patients with breast cancerAnn N Y Acad Sci20041022253215251935
  • SunamiEShinozakiMHiganoCSMultimarker circulating DNA assay for assessing blood of prostate cancer patientsClin Chem200955355956719131636
  • HamanaKUzawaKOgawaraKMonitoring of circulating tumour-associated DNA as a prognostic tool for oral squamous cell carcinomaBr J Cancer200592122181218415928666
  • SchwarzenbachHMüllerVMilde-LangoschKSteinbachBPantelKEvaluation of cell-free tumour DNA and RNA in patients with breast cancer and benign breast diseaseMol Biosyst20117102848285421785770
  • GarciaJMGarciaVSilvaJExtracellular tumor DNA in plasma and overall survival in breast cancer patientsGenes Chromosomes Cancer200645769270116607614
  • TabackBO’DaySJBoasbergPDCirculating DNA microsatellites: molecular determinants of response to biochemotherapy in patients with metastatic melanomaJ Natl Cancer Inst200496215215614734706
  • ChanKCLoYMCirculating tumour-derived nucleic acids in cancer patients: potential applications as tumour markersBr J Cancer200796568168517311021
  • JonesKNourseJPKeaneCTumor-specific but not nonspecific cell-free circulating DNA can be used to monitor disease response in lymphomaAm J Hematol201287325826522213215
  • LeiKIChanLYChanWYJohnsonPJLoYMQuantitative analysis of circulating cell-free Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels in patients with EBV-associated lymphoid malignanciesBr J Haematol2000111123924611091207
  • LoYMChanWYNgEKCirculating Epstein-Barr virus DNA in the serum of patients with gastric carcinomaClin Cancer Res2001771856185911448896
  • LoYMPrognostic implication of pretreatment plasma/serum concentration of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in nasopharyngeal carcinomaBiomed Pharmacother200155736236511669497
  • FlissMSUsadelHCaballeroOLFacile detection of mitochondrial DNA mutations in tumors and bodily fluidsScience200028754602017201910720328
  • XiaPAnHXDangCXDecreased mitochondrial DNA content in blood samples of patients with stage I breast cancerBMC Cancer2009945420025731
  • MithaniSKSmithIMZhouSMitochondrial resequencing arrays detect tumor-specific mutations in salivary rinses of patients with head and neck cancerClin Cancer Res200713247335734018094415
  • JerónimoCNomotoSCaballeroOLMitochondrial mutations in early stage prostate cancer and bodily fluidsOncogene200120375195519811526508
  • WarburgOWindFNegeleinEThe metabolism of tumors in the bodyJ Gen Physiol19278651953019872213
  • ChiuRWChanLYLamNYQuantitative analysis of circulating mitochondrial DNA in plasmaClin Chem200349571972612709361
  • LeeHCChangCMChiCWSomatic mutations of mitochondrial DNA in aging and cancer progressionAgeing Res Rev20109 Suppl 1S47S5820816876
  • CopelandWCWachsmanJTJohnsonFMPentaJSMitochondrial DNA alterations in cancerCancer Invest200220455756912094550
  • OkochiOHibiKUemuraTDetection of mitochondrial DNA alterations in the serum of hepatocellular carcinoma patientsClin Cancer Res2002892875287812231530
  • KassaueiKHabbeNMullendoreMEKarikariCAMaitraAFeldmannGMitochondrial DNA mutations in pancreatic cancerInt J Gastrointest Cancer2006372–3576417827523
  • MehraNPenningMMaasJvan DaalNGilesRHVoestEECirculating mitochondrial nucleic acids have prognostic value for survival in patients with advanced prostate cancerClin Cancer Res2007132 Pt 142142617255261
  • HibiKNakayamaHYamazakiTMitochondrial DNA alteration in esophageal cancerInt J Cancer200192331932111291064
  • HibiKNakayamaHYamazakiTDetection of mitochondrial DNA alterations in primary tumors and corresponding serum of colorectal cancer patientsInt J Cancer200194342943111745425
  • KohlerCRadpourRBarekatiZLevels of plasma circulating cell free nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as potential biomarkers for breast tumorsMol Cancer2009810519922604
  • ZachariahRRSchmidSBuerkiNRadpourRHolzgreveWZhongXLevels of circulating cell-free nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in benign and malignant ovarian tumorsObstet Gynecol2008112484385018827127
  • EllingerJMüllerDCMüllerSCCirculating mitochondrial DNA in serum: a universal diagnostic biomarker for patients with urological malignanciesUrol Oncol201230450951520870429
  • WieczorekAJSitaramamVMachleidtWRhynerKPerruchoudAPBlockLHDiagnostic and prognostic value of RNA-proteolipid in sera of patients with malignant disorders following therapy: first clinical evaluation of a novel tumor markerCancer Res19874723640764122445471
  • LässerCAlikhaniVSEkströmKHuman saliva, plasma and breast milk exosomes contain RNA: uptake by macrophagesJ Transl Med20119921235781
  • KopreskiMSBenkoFAKwakLWGockeCDDetection of tumor messenger RNA in the serum of patients with malignant melanomaClin Cancer Res1999581961196510473072
  • LoKWLoYMLeungSFAnalysis of cell-free Epstein-Barr virus associated RNA in the plasma of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaClin Chem1999458 Pt 11292129410430801
  • DasíFLledóSGarcía-GraneroEReal-time quantification in plasma of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA: a simple blood test to monitor disease in cancer patientsLab Invest200181576776911351048
  • SilvaJMRodriguezRGarciaJMDetection of epithelial tumour RNA in the plasma of colon cancer patients is associated with advanced stages and circulating tumour cellsGut200250453053411889075
  • LledóSMGarcia-GraneroEDasíFReal time quantification in plasma of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in patients with colorectal cancerColorectal Dis20046423624215206965
  • SilvaJMDominguezGSilvaJDetection of epithelial messenger RNA in the plasma of breast cancer patients is associated with poor prognosis tumor characteristicsClin Cancer Res2001792821282511555599
  • ChenXQBonnefoiHPelteMFTelomerase RNA as a detection marker in the serum of breast cancer patientsClin Cancer Res20006103823382611051224
  • DasíFMartínez-RodesPMarchJAReal-time quantification of human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA in the plasma of patients with prostate cancerAnn N Y Acad Sci2006107520421017108213
  • March-VillalbaJAMartínez-JabaloyasJMHerreroMJSantamaríaJAliñoSFDasíFPlasma hTERT mRNA discriminates between clinically localized and locally advanced disease and is a predictor of recurrence in prostate cancer patientsExpert Opin Biol Ther201212 Suppl 1S69S7722559196
  • KopreskiMSBenkoFAGockeCDCirculating RNA as a tumor marker: detection of 5T4 mRNA in breast and lung cancer patient serumAnn N Y Acad Sci200194517217811708475
  • ChinnappaPTagubaLArciagaRDetection of thyrotropin-receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and thyroglobulin mRNA transcripts in peripheral blood of patients with thyroid disease: sensitive and specific markers for thyroid cancerJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20048983705370915292293
  • ReddiKKHollandJFElevated serum ribonuclease in patients with pancreatic cancerProc Natl Acad Sci USA1976737230823101065880
  • TsuiNBNgEKLoYMStability of endogenous and added RNA in blood specimens, serum, and plasmaClin Chem200248101647165312324479
  • NgEKTsuiNBLamNYPresence of filterable and nonfilterable mRNA in the plasma of cancer patients and healthy individualsClin Chem20024881212121712142376
  • TzimagiorgisGMichailidouEZKritisAMarkopoulosAKKouidouSRecovering circulating extracellular or cell-free RNA from bodily fluidsCancer Epidemiol201135658058921514265
  • TerrinLRampazzoEPucciarelliSRelationship between tumor and plasma levels of hTERT mRNA in patients with colorectal cancer: implications for monitoring of neoplastic diseaseClin Cancer Res200814227444745119010861
  • MiuraNNakamuraHSatoRClinical usefulness of serum telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA as a novel tumor marker for lung cancerCancer Sci200697121366137317052260
  • MiuraNMaruyamaSOyamaKDevelopment of a novel assay to quantify serum human telomerase reverse transcriptase messenger RNA and its significance as a tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinomaOncology200772 Suppl 1455118087181
  • PucciarelliSRampazzoEBriaravaMTelomere-specific reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and cell-free RNA in plasma as predictors of pathologic tumor response in rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapyAnn Surg Oncol20121993089309622395986
  • El-HefnawyTRajaSKellyLCharacterization of amplifiable, circulating RNA in plasma and its potential as a tool for cancer diagnosticsClin Chem200450356457314718398
  • El-AbdEEl-TahanRFahmyLSerum metastasin mRNA is an important survival predictor in breast cancerBr J Biomed Sci2008652909419055112
  • FleischhackerMBeinertTErmitschMDetection of amplifiable messenger RNA in the serum of patients with lung cancerAnn N Y Acad Sci200194517918811708476
  • HonmaHKandaTItoHSquamous cell carcinoma-antigen messenger RNA level in peripheral blood predicts recurrence after resection in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomaSurgery2006139567868516701102
  • DongZZYaoDFYaoMClinical impact of plasma TGF-beta1 and circulating TGF-beta1 mRNA in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinomaHepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int20087328829518522884
  • IorioMVCroceCMMicroRNAs in cancer: small molecules with a huge impactJ Clin Oncol200927345848585619884536
  • ChenXBaYMaLCharacterization of microRNAs in serum: a novel class of biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer and other diseasesCell Res20081810997100618766170
  • NgEKChongWWJinHDifferential expression of microRNAs in plasma of patients with colorectal cancer: a potential marker for colorectal cancer screeningGut200958101375138119201770
  • HuangZHuangDNiSPengZShengWDuXPlasma microRNAs are promising novel biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancerInt J Cancer2010127111812619876917
  • KosakaNIguchiHOchiyaTCirculating microRNA in body fluid: a new potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosisCancer Sci2010101102087209220624164
  • HuZChenXZhaoYSerum microRNA signatures identified in a genome-wide serum microRNA expression profiling predict survival of non-small-cell lung cancerJ Clin Oncol201028101721172620194856
  • WangZXBianHBWangJRChengZXWangKMDeWPrognostic significance of serum miRNA-21 expression in human non-small cell lung cancerJ Surg Oncol2011104784785121721011
  • LiuXGZhuWYHuangYYHigh expression of serum miR-21 and tumor miR-200c associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung cancerMed Oncol201229261862621516486
  • RothCStückrathIPantelKIzbickiJRTachezyMSchwarzenbachHLow levels of cell-free circulating miR-361-3p and miR-625* as blood-based markers for discriminating malignant from benign lung tumorsPLoS One201276e3824822675530
  • WangFZhengZGuoJDingXCorrelation and quantitation of microRNA aberrant expression in tissues and sera from patients with breast tumorGynecol Oncol2010119358659320801493
  • MitchellPSParkinRKKrohEMCirculating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detectionProc Natl Acad Sci USA200810530105131051818663219
  • BandresEBitarteNAriasFmicroRNA-451 regulates macrophage migration inhibitory factor production and proliferation of gastrointestinal cancer cellsClin Cancer Res20091572281229019318487
  • YangHGuJWangKKMicroRNA expression signatures in Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinomaClin Cancer Res200915185744575219737949
  • LawrieCHGalSDunlopHMDetection of elevated levels of tumour-associated microRNAs in serum of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphomaBr J Haematol2008141567267518318758
  • ZandbergaEKozirovskisVĀbolsAAndrējevaDPurkalneGLinēACell-free microRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for lung cancerGenes Chromosomes Cancer201352435636923404859
  • LuJGetzGMiskaEAMicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancersNature2005435704383483815944708
  • RosenfeldNAharonovRMeiriEMicroRNAs accurately identify cancer tissue originNat Biotechnol200826446246918362881
  • WeberJABaxterDHZhangSThe microRNA spectrum in 12 body fluidsClin Chem201056111733174120847327
  • XieLQianXLiuBMicroRNAs: novel biomarkers for gastrointestinal carcinomasMol Cell Biochem20103411–229129920422260
  • MoMHChenLFuYWangWFuSWCell-free Circulating miRNA Biomarkers in CancerJ Cancer2012343244823074383
  • TokarzPBlasiakJThe role of microRNA in metastatic colorectal cancer and its significance in cancer prognosis and treatmentActa Biochim Pol201259446747423173124
  • MattocksCJMorrisMAMatthijsGA standardized framework for the validation and verification of clinical molecular genetic testsEur J Hum Genet201018121276128820664632
  • García-OlmoDGarcía-OlmoDCOntañónJMartinezEVallejoMTumor DNA circulating in the plasma might play a role in metastasis. The hypothesis of the genometastasisHistol Histopathol19991441159116410506932
  • García-OlmoDCDomínguezCGarcía-ArranzMCell-free nucleic acids circulating in the plasma of colorectal cancer patients induce the oncogenic transformation of susceptible cultured cellsCancer Res201070256056720068178
  • García-OlmoDGarcía-OlmoDCDomínguez-BerzosaCGuadalajaraHVegaLGarcía-ArranzMOncogenic transformation induced by cell-free nucleic acids circulating in plasma (genometastasis) remains after the surgical resection of the primary tumor: a pilot studyExpert Opin Biol Ther201212 Suppl 1S61S6822568822
  • SilvaJGarciaVRodriguezMAnalysis of exosome release and its prognostic value in human colorectal cancerGenes Chromosomes Cancer201251440941822420032
  • MittelbrunnMGutiérrez-VázquezCVillarroya-BeltriCUnidirectional transfer of microRNA-loaded exosomes from T cells to antigen-presenting cellsNat Commun2011228221505438
  • PeinadoHAlečkovićMLavotshkinSMelanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through METNat Med201218688389122635005