Pharmacogenetics of Pediatric Asthma: Current Perspectives

References

• Global Asthma Network. The Global Asthma Report 2018. Auckland, New Zealand; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Global Inititative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Asher I, Pearce N. Global burden of asthma among children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014;18(11):1269–1278. doi:10.5588/ijtld.14.017025299857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallol J, Crane J, von Mutius E, Odhiambo J, Keil U, Stewart A. The international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) Phase three: a global synthesis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2013;41(2):73–85. doi:10.1016/j.aller.2012.03.00122771150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royal College of Physicians. Why Asthma Still Kills: The National Review of Asthma Deaths (NRAD); 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Wenzel SE. Asthma phenotypes: the evolution from clinical to molecular approaches. Nat Med. 2012;18(5):716–725. doi:10.1038/nm.267822561835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson GP. Endotyping asthma: new insights into key pathogenic mechanisms in a complex, heterogeneous disease. Lancet. 2008;372(9643):1107–1119. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61452-X18805339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dharmage SC, Perret JL, Custovic A. Epidemiology of asthma in children and adults. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:246. doi:10.3389/fped.2019.0024631275909
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park H-W, Tantisira KG, Weiss ST. Pharmacogenomics in asthma therapy: where are we and where do we go? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2015;55(1):129–147. doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010814-12454325292431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy J, Singleton A. Genomewide association studies and human disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(17):1759–1768. doi:10.1056/NEJMra080870019369657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon JM, Goate AM. The candidate gene approach. Alcohol Res Heal. 2000;24(3):164–168.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campbell CD, Mohajeri K, Malig M, et al. Whole-genome sequencing of individuals from a founder population identifies candidate genes for asthma. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e104396. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.010439625116239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keskin O, Farzan N, Birben E, et al. Genetic associations of the response to inhaled corticosteroids in asthma: a systematic review. Clin Transl Allergy. 2019;9:2. doi:10.1186/s13601-018-0239-230647901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez-Pacheco N, Pino-Yanes M, Flores C. Genomic predictors of asthma phenotypes and treatment response. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:6. doi:10.3389/fped.2019.0000630805318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slob EMA, Vijverberg SJH, Palmer CNA, et al. Pharmacogenetics of inhaled long-acting beta2-agonists in asthma: a systematic review. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2018;29(7):705–714. doi:10.1111/pai.1295629992699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrera-Luis E, Hernandez-Pacheco N, Vijverberg SJ, Flores C, Pino-Yanes M. Role of genomics in asthma exacerbations. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2019;25(1):101–112. doi:10.1097/MCP.000000000000053330334825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farzan N, Vijverberg SJ, Kabesch M, Sterk PJ, Maitland-van der Zee AH. The use of pharmacogenomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics to improve childhood asthma management: where do we stand? Pediatr Pulmonol. 2018;53(6):836–845. doi:10.1002/ppul.v53.629493882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Menaya JM, Cordobés-Durán C, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Pharmacogenetic factors affecting asthma treatment response. potential implications for drug therapy. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:520. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.0052031178722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson M. Beta2-adrenoceptors: mechanisms of action of beta2-agonists. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2001;2(1):57–62. doi:10.1053/prrv.2000.010216263481
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drake KA, Torgerson DG, Gignoux CR, et al. A genome-wide association study of bronchodilator response in Latinos implicates rare variants. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(2):370–378. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.04323992748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan QL, Lasky-Su J, Himes BE, et al. A genome-wide association study of bronchodilator response in asthmatics. Pharmacogenomics J. 2014;14(1):41–47. doi:10.1038/tpj.2013.523508266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, et al. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(5):948–968. doi:10.1183/09031936.05.0003520516264058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litonjua AA, Gong L, Duan QL, et al. Very important pharmacogene summary ADRB2. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2010;20(1):64–69. doi:10.1097/FPC.0b013e328333dae619927042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scaparrotta A, Franzago M, Marcovecchio ML, et al. Role of THRB, ARG1, and ADRB2 genetic variants on bronchodilators response in asthmatic children. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2019;32(3):164–173. doi:10.1089/jamp.2018.149330855197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jovicic N, Babic T, Dragicevic S, Nestorovic B, Nikolic A. ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and salbutamol responsiveness in Serbian children with asthma. Balk J Med Genet. 2018;21(1):33–38. doi:10.2478/bjmg-2018-0007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alghobashy AA, Elsharawy SA, Alkholy UM, et al. B 2 adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism effect on childhood asthma severity and response to treatment. Pediatr Res. 2018;83(3):597–605. doi:10.1038/pr.2017.30429658513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toraih EA, Hussein MH, Ibrahim A, et al. Beta2-adrenergic receptor variants in children and adolescents with bronchial asthma. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2019;11:61–78.30468638
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sordillo JE, McGeachie M, Lutz SM, et al. Longitudinal analysis of bronchodilator response in asthmatics and effect modification of age-related trends by genotype. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2019;54(2):158–164. doi:10.1002/ppul.v54.230585438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himes BE, Jiang X, Hu R, et al. Genome-wide association analysis in asthma subjects identifies SPATS2L as a novel bronchodilator response gene. PLoS Genet. 2012;8(7):e1002824. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.100282422792082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Israel E, Lasky-Su J, Markezich A, et al. Genome-wide association study of short-acting β2-agonists. A novel genome-wide significant locus on chromosome 2 near ASB3. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191(5):530–537. doi:10.1164/rccm.201408-1426OC25562107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDaneld TG, Hancock DL, Moody DE. Altered mRNA abundance of ASB15 and four other genes in skeletal muscle following administration of β-adrenergic receptor agonists. Physiol Genomics. 2004;16(2):275–283. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00127.200314645738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spear ML, Hu D, Pino-Yanes M, et al. A genome-wide association and admixture mapping study of bronchodilator drug response in African Americans with asthma. Pharmacogenomics J. 2019;19(3):249–259. doi:10.1038/s41397-018-0042-430206298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howie BN, Donnelly P, Marchini J. A flexible and accurate genotype imputation method for the next generation of genome-wide association studies. PLoS Genet. 2009;5(6):e1000529. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.100052919543373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricciardolo FLM. Multiple roles of nitric oxide in the airways. Thorax. 2003;58(2):175–182. doi:10.1136/thorax.58.2.17512554905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanazawa H, Hirata K, Yoshikawa J. Nitrogen oxides reduce albuterol-induced bronchodilation in patients with bronchial asthma. Respiration. 2002;69(6):490–495. doi:10.1159/00006646612457000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mak ACY, White MJ, Eckalbar WL, et al. Whole-Genome sequencing of pharmacogenetic drug response in racially diverse children with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;197(12):1552–1564. doi:10.1164/rccm.201712-2529OC29509491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JH, McDonald ML, Cho MH, et al. DNAH5 is associated with total lung capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res. 2014;15:97. doi:10.1186/s12931-014-0097-y25134640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramasamy A, Curjuric I, Coin LJ, et al. A genome-wide meta-analysis of genetic variants associated with allergic rhinitis and grass sensitization and their interaction with birth order. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(5):996–1005. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.03022036096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hersch M, Peter B, Kang HM, et al. Mapping genetic variants associated with beta-adrenergic responses in inbred mice. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e41032. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.004103222859963
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kachroo P, Hecker J, Chawes B, et al. Whole genome sequencing identifies CRISPLD2 as a lung function gene in children with asthma. Chest. 2019;156(6):1068–1079. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2019.08.220231557467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang H, Kho AT, Wu Q, et al. CRISPLD2 (LGL1) inhibits proinflammatory mediators in human fetal, adult, and COPD lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Physiol Rep. 2016;4(17):e12942. doi:10.14814/phy2.1294227597766
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang H, Sweezey NB, Kaplan F. LGL1 modulates proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of human fetal lung fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2015;308(4):L391–L402. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00119.201425480331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himes BE, Jiang X, Wagner P, et al. RNA-Seq transcriptome profiling identifies CRISPLD2 as a glucocorticoid responsive gene that modulates cytokine function in airway smooth muscle cells. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e99625. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.009962524926665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan D, Hamed O, Joshi T, et al. Analysis of the indacaterol-regulated transcriptome in human airway epithelial cells implicates gene expression changes in the adverse and therapeutic effects of β2-adrenoceptor agonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2018;366(1):220–236. doi:10.1124/jpet.118.24929229653961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keenan CR, Radojicic D, Li M, Radwan A, Stewart AG. Heterogeneity in mechanisms influencing glucocorticoid sensitivity: the need for a systems biology approach to treatment of glucocorticoid-resistant inflammation. Pharmacol Ther. 2015;150:81–93. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.01.00625596317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavorini F, Magnan A, Christophe Dubus J, et al. Effect of incorrect use of dry powder inhalers on management of patients with asthma and COPD. Respir Med. 2008;102(4):593–604. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2007.11.00318083019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laforest L, Belhassen M, Devouassoux G, Didier A, Ginoux M, Van Ganse E. Long-term inhaled corticosteroid adherence in asthma patients with short-term adherence. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016;4(5):890–899.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2016.07.00827587320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramratnam SK, Bacharier LB, Guilbert TW. Severe asthma in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017;5(4):889–898. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2017.04.03128689839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YJ, Nariya S, Harris JM, et al. The airway microbiome in patients with severe asthma: associations with disease features and severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(4):874–884. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.04426220531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durack J, Lynch SV, Nariya S, et al. Features of the bronchial bacterial microbiome associated with atopy, asthma, and responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroid treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(1):63–75. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.05527838347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denner DR, Sangwan N, Becker JB, et al. Corticosteroid therapy and airflow obstruction influence the bronchial microbiome, which is distinct from that of bronchoalveolar lavage in asthmatic airways. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137(5):1398–1405.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.01726627545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goleva E, Jackson LP, Harris JK, et al. The effects of airway microbiome on corticosteroid responsiveness in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(10):1193–1201. doi:10.1164/rccm.201304-0775OC24024497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licari A, Brambilla I, Marseglia A, De Filippo M, Paganelli V, Marseglia GL. Difficult vs. severe asthma: definition and limits of asthma control in the pediatric population. Front Pediatr. 2018;6:170. doi:10.3389/fped.2018.0017029971223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sood N, Connolly JJ, Mentch FD, et al. Leveraging electronic health records to assess the role of ADRB2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in predicting exacerbation frequency in asthma patients. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2018;28(11):256–259. doi:10.1097/FPC.000000000000035530334910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farzan N, Vijverberg SJ, Hernandez-Pacheco N, et al. 17q21 variant increases the risk of exacerbations in asthmatic children despite inhaled corticosteroids use. Allergy Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;73(10):2083–2088. doi:10.1111/all.2018.73.issue-10
   Google Scholar
• Dijk FN, Vijverberg SJ, Hernandez‐Pacheco N, et al. IL1RL1 gene variations are associated with asthma exacerbations in children and adolescents using inhaled corticosteroids. Allergy. 2019. doi:10.1111/all.14125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karimi L, Vijverberg SJH, Farzan N, Ghanbari M, Verhamme KMC, Maitland‐van der Zee AH. FCER2 T2206C variant associated with FENO levels in asthmatic children using inhaled corticosteroids: the PACMAN study Clin Exp Allergy. 2019;49(11):1429–1436. doi:10.1111/cea.1346031309641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dragicevic S, Kosnik M, Divac Rankov A, et al. The variants in the 3′ untranslated region of the matrix metalloproteinase 9 gene as modulators of treatment outcome in children with asthma. Lung. 2018;196(3):297–303. doi:10.1007/s00408-018-0113-y29600353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan Z, Tang Y, Song Q, et al. Gene polymorphisms in VEGFA and COL2A1 are associated with response to inhaled corticosteroids in children with asthma. Pharmacogenomics. 2019;20(13):947–955. doi:10.2217/pgs-2019-003631486735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Li Q, Liu R, et al. ADRB2 Arg16Gly polymorphism and pulmonary function response of inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting beta agonists for asthma treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can Respir J. 2018;2018:5712805.29670675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moffatt MF, Gut IG, Demenais F, et al. A large-scale, consortium-based genomewide association study of asthma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(13):1211–1221. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa090631220860503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira MAR, Mathur R, Vonk JM, et al. Genetic architectures of childhood- and adult-onset asthma are partly distinct. Am J Hum Genet. 2019;104(4):665–684. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.02.02230929738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berce V, Kozmus CEP, Potočnik U. Association among ORMDL3 gene expression, 17q21 polymorphism and response to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in children with asthma. Pharmacogenomics J. 2013;13(6):523–529. doi:10.1038/tpj.2012.3622986918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicente CT, Revez JA, Ferreira MAR. Lessons from ten years of genome-wide association studies of asthma. Clin Transl Immunol. 2017;6(12):e165. doi:10.1038/cti.2017.54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grotenboer NS, Ketelaar ME, Koppelman GH, Nawijn MC. Decoding asthma: translating genetic variation in IL33 and IL1RL1 into disease pathophysiology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131(3):856–865. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.02823380221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan MA, Gigliotti NM, Aubin BG, Rosenwasser LJ. FCER2 (CD23) asthma-related SNP yields increased IgE binding and Egr-1 expression in human B cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2013;50(2):263–269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers AJ, Tantisira KG, Fuhlbrigge AL, et al. Predictors of poor response during asthma therapy differ with definition of outcome. Pharmacogenomics. 2009;10(8):1231–1242. doi:10.2217/pgs.09.8619663668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tantisira KG, Silverman ES, Mariani TJ, et al. FCER2: a pharmacogenetic basis for severe exacerbations in children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120(6):1285–1291. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.00517980418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koster ES, Maitland-van Der Zee AH, Tavendale R, et al. FCER2 T2206C variant associated with chronic symptoms and exacerbations in steroid-treated asthmatic children. Allergy Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;66(12):1546–1552. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02701.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitoft M, Andersson C, Andersson-Sjöland A, et al. Controlled and uncontrolled asthma display distinct alveolar tissue matrix compositions. Respir Res. 2014;15:67. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-15-6724950767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CG, Link H, Baluk P, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces remodeling and enhances TH2-mediated sensitization and inflammation in the lung. Nat Med. 2004;10(10):1095–1103. doi:10.1038/nm110515378055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mougey EB, Chen C, Tantisira KG, et al. Pharmacogenetics of asthma controller treatment. Pharmacogenomics J. 2013;13(3):242–250. doi:10.1038/tpj.2012.522370858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez-Pacheco N, Farzan N, Francis B, et al. Genome-wide association study of inhaled corticosteroid response in admixed children with asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 2019;49(6):789–798. doi:10.1111/cea.1335430697902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin AM, Gui H, Hernandez-Pacheco N, et al. Integrative approach identifies corticosteroid response variant in diverse populations with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;143(5):1791–1802. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2018.09.03430367910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janahi EM, McGarvey MJ. The inhibition of hepatitis B virus by APOBEC cytidine deaminases. J Viral Hepat. 2013;20(12):821–828. doi:10.1111/jvh.2013.20.issue-1224304451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desimmie BA, Delviks-Frankenberrry KA, Burdick RC, Qi D, Izumi T, Pathak VK. Multiple APOBEC3 restriction factors for HIV-1 and one vif to rule them all. J Mol Biol. 2014;426(6):1220–1245. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2013.10.03324189052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh GM. Eosinophil granule proteins and their role in disease. Curr Opin Hematol. 2001;8(1):28–33. doi:10.1097/00062752-200101000-0000611138623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gon Y, Ito R, Hattori T, et al. Serum eosinophil-derived neurotoxin: correlation with persistent airflow limitation in adults with house-dust mite allergic asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2015;36(6):e113–e120. doi:10.2500/aap.2015.36.388426534742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang RS, Croteau-Chonka DC, Silverman EK, Loscalzo J, Weiss ST, Hall KT. Pharmacogenomics and Placebo response in a randomized clinical trial in asthma. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019;106(6):1261–1267. doi:10.1002/cpt.164631557306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wain LV, Shrine N, Artigas MS, et al. Genome-wide association analyses for lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease identify new loci and potential druggable targets. Nat Genet. 2017;49(3):416–425. doi:10.1038/ng.378728166213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrine N, Guyatt AL, Erzurumluoglu AM, et al. New genetic signals for lung function highlight pathways and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associations across multiple ancestries. Nat Genet. 2019;51(3):481–493. doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0321-730804560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kichaev G, Bhatia G, Loh PR, et al. Leveraging polygenic functional enrichment to improve GWAS power. Am J Hum Genet. 2019;104(1):65–75. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.11.00830595370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutz SM, Cho MH, Young K, et al. A genome-wide association study identifies risk loci for spirometric measures among smokers of European and African ancestry. BMC Genet. 2015;16:138. doi:10.1186/s12863-015-0299-426634245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wain LV, Shrine N, Miller S, et al. Novel insights into the genetics of smoking behaviour, lung function, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (UK BiLEVE): A genetic association study in UK Biobank. Lancet Respir Med. 2015;3(10):769–781. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00283-026423011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira MAR, Matheson MC, Duffy DL, et al. Identification of IL6R and chromosome 11q13.5 as risk loci for asthma. Lancet. 2011;378(9795):1006–1014. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60874-X21907864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almoguera B, Vazquez L, Mentch F, et al. Identification of four novel loci in asthma in European American and African American Populations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(4):456–463. doi:10.1164/rccm.201604-0861OC27611488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tantisira KG, Lasky-Su J, Harada M, et al. Genomewide association between GLCCI1 and response to glucocorticoid therapy in asthma. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(13):1173–1183. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa091135321991891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salhi M, Lahmar O, Salah MO. et al. GLCCI1 and STIP1 variants are associated with asthma susceptibility and inhaled corticosteroid response in a Tunisian population. J Asthma;2019 1–10. doi:10.1080/02770903.2019.1666867
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rijavec M, Žavbi M, Lopert A, Fležar M, Korošec P. GLCCI1 polymorphism rs37973 and response to treatment of asthma with inhaled corticosteroids. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2018;28(3):165–171. doi:10.18176/jiaci
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse SM, Krajinovic M, Chauhan BF, et al. Genetic determinants of acute asthma therapy response in children with moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbations. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2019;54(4):378–385. doi:10.1002/ppul.v54.430644648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farzan N, Vijverberg SJ, Andiappan AK, et al. Rationale and design of the multiethnic pharmacogenomics in childhood asthma consortium. Pharmacogenomics. 2017;18(10):931–943. doi:10.2217/pgs-2017-003528639505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar