42
Views
39
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Variation in Drug Injection Frequency Among Out-of-Treatment Drug Users in a National Sample

, , &
Pages 321-341 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1994; 1–18, HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report 5
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Update: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome—United States 1992. MMWR Morbid. Mortal. Wkty Rep 1993; 42: 547–551
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. AIDS associated with injecting‐drug use—United States, 1995. MMWR Morbid. Mortal. Wkly Rep 1996; 19: 392–398
  • Holmberg S. The estimated prevalence and incidence of HIV in 96 large U.S. metropolitan areas. Am. J. Public Health 1996; 86(5)642–654
  • Marmor M., Des Jarlais D., Cohen H., et al. Risk factors for infection with human immunodeficiency virus among intravenous drug abusers in New York City. AIDS 1987; 1: 39–44
  • Des Jarlais D., Friedman S. Target groups for preventing AIDS among intravenous drug users. Psychosocial Perspectives on AIDS, L. Temoshok, A. Baum. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey 1990; 35–50
  • Friedland G., Harris H., Butkus‐Small C. Intravenous drug abusers and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): Demographiz, drug use, and needle‐sharing patterns. Arch. Intern. Med 1985; 145: 1413–1417
  • Iguchi M., Platt J., French J., et al. Correlates of HIV seropositivity among injection drug users not in treatment. J. Drug Issues 1992; 22(4)849–865
  • Nemoto T. Behavioral characteristics of seroconverted intravenous drug users. Int. J. Addict 1992; 27(2)1413–1421
  • Page J. B., Smith P., Kane N. Shooting galleries, their proprietors and implications for prevention. Drugs Soc 1991; 5(1/2)69–85
  • Singer M., Jia Z., Schensul J., et al. AIDS and the IV drug user: The local context in prevention efforts. Med. Anthropol 1992; 14: 285–306
  • Vlahov D., Munoz A., Anthony J., et al. Association of drug injection patterns with antibody to human immunodeficiney virus type 1 among intravenous drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Am. J. Epidemiol 1990; 132: 847–856
  • Koester S., Hoffer L. “Indirect sharing”: Additional HIV risks associated with drug injection. AIDS Public Policy J 1994; 9(2)100–104
  • Inciardi J., Page J. B. Drug sharing among intravenous drug users. AIDS 1991; 5(6)772–773
  • Chaisson R., Bacchetti P., Osmond D. Cocaine use and HIV infection in intravenous drug users in San Francisco. JAMA 1989; 26: 561–565
  • Singer M., Weeks M. Preventing AIDS in communities of color: Anthropology and social prevention. Hum. Organ 1996; 55(4)488–492
  • Williams M. Intergenerational differences in IV drug use behaviors: Implications for HIV prevention. Int. J. Addict 1991; 26(4)457–466
  • Baker A., Kochan N., Dixon J., et al. HIV risk‐taking behaviour among injecting drug users currently, previously and never enrolled in methadone treatment. Addiction 1995; 90: 545–554
  • Ross M., Stowe A., Wodak A. A comparison of drug use and HIV infection risk behavior between injecting drug users currently in treatment, previously in treatment, and never in treatment. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol 1993; 6: 518–528
  • Sufian M., Friedman S., Neaigus A., et al. Impact of AIDS on Puerto Rican intravenous drug users. Hisp. J. Behav. Sci 1990; 12(2)122–134
  • Khalsa H., Kowalewski M., Anglin M. D., et al. HIV‐related risk behaviors among cocaine users. AIDS Educ. Prev 1992; 4(1)71–83
  • Siegal H., Carlson R., Wang J., et al. Injection drug users in the Midwest: An epidemiologic comparison of drug use patterns in four Ohio cities. J. Psychoactive Drugs 1994; 26(4)265–275
  • Brooner R., Bigelow G., Strain E. Intravenous drug abusers with antisocial personality disorder: Increased HIV risk behaviors. Drug Alcohol Depend 1990; 26: 39–44
  • Page J. B. Shooting scenarios and risk of HIV‐1 infection. Am. Behav. Sci 1990; 33(4)478–490
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse. The Cooperative Agreement for AIDS Community‐Based Outreach/Intervention Research Program: Policies and Procedures Manual. NIDA Community Research Branch, Rockville, Maryland 1993; vol. 1
  • Carlson R. G., Wang J., Siegal H. A., et al. An ethnographic approach to targeted sampling: Problems and solutions in AIDS prevention research among injection drug and crack cocaine users. Hum. Organ 1994; 53: 279–286
  • Watters J. K., Biernacki P. Targeted sampling: Options for the study of hidden populations. Soc. Probl 1989; 36: 416–430
  • Dowling‐Guyer S., Johnson M., Fisher D., et al. Reliability of drug users' self‐reported HIV risk behaviors and validity of self‐reported recent drug use. Assessment 1993; 1: 383–392
  • Weatherby N. L., Needle R., Cesari H., et al. Validity of self‐reported drug use among injection drug users and crack cocaine users recruited through street outreach, in Special issue: Evaluating drug abuse interventions Dennis, M. L., Wechsberg, W. M. Eval. Program Plan 1994; 17: 347–355
  • Needle R., Fisher D., Weatherby N., et al. The reliability of self‐reported HIV risk behaviors of drug users. Psychol. Addict. Behav 1995; 9: 242–250
  • Weeks M., Himmelgreen D., Singer M., et al. Community‐based AIDS prevention: Preliminary outcomes of a program for African American and Latino injection drug users. J. Drug Issues 1996; 26(3)561–590
  • Cohen J., Cohen P. Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences2nd ed. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey 1983
  • Hanson B., Beschner G., Walters J., et al. Life with Heroin. Lexington Books, Lexington, Massachusetts 1984
  • Bourgois P. In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1995
  • Waterston A. Street Addicts in the Political Economy. Temple University Press, Philadelphia 1993
  • Needle R., Cesari H., Koester S., et al. Multiperson use of drug injection equipment: HIV transmission risk associated with drug preparation and injection practices. paper presented at the 10th International Conference on AIDS, YokohamaJapan, August, 7–121994
  • O'Donnell J., Jones J. Diffusion of the intravenous technnique among narcotic addicts in the United States. J. Health Soc. Behav 1968; 9: 120–130
  • Ball J. Two patterns of narcotic drug addiction in the United States. J. Crim. Law Criminol. Police Sci 1965; 56: 203–211
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. AIDS rates. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep 1997; 49(38)903–905
  • Singer M., Jia Z. AIDS and Puerto Rican injection drug users in the United States. Handbook on Risk of AIDS, B. Brown, G. Beschner. Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut 1993; 227–255
  • Robles R., Colón H., Matos T., . Risk factors and HIV infection among three different cultural groups of injection drug users. Handbook on Risk of AIDS, B. Brown, G. Beschner, et al. Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut 1993; 256–274
  • Montoya I., Estrada A., Jones A., et al. An analysis of differential factors affecting risk behaviors among out‐of‐treatment drug users in four cities. Drugs Soc 1996; 9(1/2)155–171
  • Singer M. Providing substance abuse treatment to Puerto Rican clients living in the continental United States. Substance Abuse Treatment in the Era of AIDS, O. Amuleru‐Marshall. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Rockville, Maryland 1995; vol. 2: 93–142
  • Brown L. Providing substance abuse treatment to African‐American clients. Substance Abuse Treatment in the Era of AIDS, O. Amuleru‐Marshall. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Rockville, Maryland 1995; vol. 2: 17–58
  • Jones A., Lewis C., Shorty V. African American injection drug users. Handbook on Risk of AIDS, B. Brown, G. Beschner. Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut 1993; 275–296
  • Weeks M., Singer M., Grier M., et al. AIDS prevention and the African‐American injection drug user. Transform. Anthropol 1993; 4(1/2)39–51

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.