Script concordance testing: From theory to practice: AMEE Guide No. 75

References

• Bland A, Kreiter C, Gordon J. The psychometric properties of five scoring methods applied to the script concordance test. Acad Med 2005; 80: 395–399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brazeau-Lamontagne L, Charlin B, Gagnon R, Samson L, van der Vleuten C. Measurement of perception and interpretation skills along radiology training: Utility of the script concordance approach. Med Teach 2004; 26: 326–332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlin B, Boshuizen H, Custers E, Feltovitch P. Scripts and clinical reasoning. Med Educ 2007; 41: 1178–1184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlin B, Brailovsky CA, Leduc C, Blouin D. The diagnostis script questionnaire: A new tool to assess a specific dimension of clinical competence. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 1998; 3: 51–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlin B, Desaulniers M, Gagnon R, Blouin D, van der Vleuten C. Comparison of an aggregate scoring method with a consensus scoring method in a measure of clinical reasoning capacity. Teach Learn Med 2002; 14: 150–156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlin B, Gagnon R, Lubarsky S, Lambert C, Meterissian S, Chalk C, Goudreau J, van der Vleuten C. Assessment in the context of uncertainty using the script concordance test: More meaning for scores. Teach Learn Med 2010; 22(3)180–186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlin B, Gagnon R, Pelletier J, Coletti M, Abi-Rizk G, Nasr C, Sauvé E, van der Vleuten C. Assessment of clinical reasoning in the context of uncertainty: The effect of variability within the reference panel. Med Educ 2006; 40: 848–854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlin B, Tardif J, Boshuizen HPA. Scripts and medical diagnostic knowledge: Theory and applications for clinical reasoning instruction and research. Acad Med 2000; 75(2)182–190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen LJ, Fitzgerald SG, Lane S, Boninger ML. Development of the seating and mobility script concordance test for spinal cord injury: Obtaining content validity evidence. Assist Technol 2005; 17: 122–132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croskerry P. A universal model of diagnostic reasoning. Acad Med 2009; 84: 1022–1028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deschênes MF, Charlin B, Gagnon R, Goudreau J. Use of a script concordance test to assess development of clinical reasoning in nursing students. J Nurs Educ 2011; 50(7)381–387
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dory V, Gagnon R, Charlin B. How to construct and implement script concordance tests: Insights from a systematic review. Med Educ 2012; 46(6)552–563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downing S, Haladyna TM. Handbook of test development. Routledge, New York 2006
   Google Scholar
• Duggan P, Charlin B. Summative assessment of 5th year medical students’ clinical reasoning by script concordance test: Requirements and challenges. BMC Med Educ 2012; 12(1)29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feltovich PJ, Barrows HS. Issues of generality in medical problem solving. Tutorials in problem-based learning: A new direction in teaching the health professions, H Schmidt, ML De Volder. Van Gorcum, Assen, the Netherlands 1984
   Google Scholar
• Fournier JP, Demeester A, Charlin B. Script concordance tests: Guidelines for construction. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2008; 8: 18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagnon R, Charlin B, Coletti M, Sauve E, van der Vleuten C. Assessment in the context of uncertainty: How many members are needed on the panel of reference of a script concordance test?. Med Educ 2005; 39: 284–291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagnon R, Charlin B, Lambert C, Carrière B, van der Vleuten C. Script concordance testing: More cases or more questions?. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2009; 14(3)367–375
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gagnon R, Lubarsky S, Lambert C, Charlin B. Optimization of answer keys for script concordance testing: Should we exclude deviant respondents, deviant responses, or neither?. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2011; 16(5)601–608
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goulet F, Jacques A, Gagnon R, Charlin B, Shabah A. Poorly performing physicians: Does the script concordance test detect bad clinical reasoning?. J Contin Educ Health Prof 2010; 30(3)161–166
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grant J, Marsden P. Primary knowledge, medical education and consultant expertise. Med Educ 1988; 22: 173–179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humbert A, Johson M, Miech E, Friedberg F, Grackin J, Seidman PA. Assessment of clinical reasoning: A script concordance test designed for pre-clinical medical students. Med Teach 2011; 33: 472–477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassirer J. Teaching clinical reasoning: Case-based and coached. Acad Med 2010; 85: 1118–1124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly W, Durning S, Denton G. Comparing a script concordance examination to a multiple-choice examination on a core internal medicine clerkship. Teach Learn Med 2012; 24(3)187–193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreiter CD. Commentary: The response process validity of a script concordance test item. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2012; 17: 7–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llorca G. Evaluation de résolution de problèmes mal définis en éthique clinique: Variation des scores selon les méthodes de correction et selon les caractéristiques des jurys [Ill-defined problem assessment in clinical ethics: Score variation according to scoring method and jury characteristics]. Pédagogie Médicale 2003; 4: 80–88
   Google Scholar
• Lubarsky S, Chalk C, Kazitani D, Gagnon R, Charlin B. The script concordance test: A new tool assessing clinical judgment in neurology. Can J Neurol Sci 2009; 36: 326–331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubarsky S, Charlin B, Cook DA, Chalk C, van der Vleuten C. Script concordance testing: A review of published validity evidence. Med Educ 2011; 45: 329–338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubarsky S, Gagnon R, Charlin B. Script concordance test item response process: The argument for probability versus typicality. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2012; 17: 11–13
   Google Scholar
• Mamede S, Schmidt H, Rikers R, Penaforte J, Coelho-Filho J. Breaking down automaticity: Case ambiguity and the shift to reflective approaches in clinical reasoning. Med Educ 2007; 41: 1185–1192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meterissian S. A novel method of assessing clinical reasoning in surgical residents. Surg Innov 2006; 13: 115–119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nedelsky L. Absolute grading standards for objective tests. Educ Psychol Meas 1954; 14: 3–19
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norcini JJ, Shea JA, Day SC. The use of the aggregate scoring for a recertification examination. Eval Health Prof 1990; 13: 241–251
   Google Scholar
• Norman GR. Objective measurement of clinical performance. Med Educ 1985; 19: 43–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman GR. Research in clinical reasoning: Past history and current trends. Med Educ 2005; 39: 418–427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrella R, Davis P. Improving management of musculoskeletal disorders in primary care: The Joint Adventures Program. Clin Rheumatol 2007; 26: 1061–1066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramaekers S, Kremer W, Pilot A, van Beukelen P, van Keulen H. Assessment of competence in clinical reasoning and decision-making under uncertainty: The script concordance test method. Assess Eval High Educ 2010; 35(6)661–673
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schank RC, Abelson R. Scripts, plans, goals, and understanding. Earlbaum Assoc, Hillsdale, NJ 1977
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt HG, Norman GR, Boshuizen HPA. A cognitive perspective on medical expertise: Theory and implications. Acad Med 1990; 65(10)611–621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibert L, Darmoni SJ, Dahamna B, Hellot MF, Weber J, Charlin B. Online clinical reasoning assessment with script concordance test in urology: Results of a French pilot study. BMC Med Educ 2006; 6: 45–53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Streiner DL, Norman GR. Health measurement scales: A practical guide to their development and use4th. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008
   Google Scholar