245
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
RESEARCH PAPERS

Menstrual characteristics: A study of the adolescents of rural and urban West Bengal, India

, , &
Pages 668-681 | Received 07 Mar 2009, Accepted 11 Dec 2009, Published online: 18 Feb 2010

References

  • Andersch B, Milsom I. 1982. An epidemiological study of young women with dysmenorrheal. Am J Obstet Gynecol 144:655–660.
  • Avasarala AK, Panchangam S. 2008. Dysmenorrhea in a different settings: Are the rural and urban adolescent girls perceiving and managing the dysmenorrheal problem differently? Indian J Community Med 33:246–249.
  • Balbi C, Musone R, Menditto A, Di Prisco L, Cassese E, D'Ajello M, Ambrosio D, Cardone1 A. 2000. Influence of menstrual factors and dietary habits on menstrual pain in adolescence age. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 91:143–148.
  • Bang RA, Bang AT, Baitule M, Choudhary Y, Sarmukaddam S, Tale O. 1989. High prevalence of gynaecological disease in rural Indian women. Lancet 8:85–88.
  • Bhatia J, Cleland CJ, Bhagavan L, Rao NSN. 1997. Levels and determinants of gynaecological morbidity in a district of South India. Stud Fam Plann 29:95–103.
  • Chiazze L, Brayer FT, Macisco JJ, Parker MP, Duffy BJ. 1968. The length and variability of the human menstrual cycle. JAMA 203:377–380.
  • Chimonides KM, Frank DI. 1998. Rural and urban adolescents' perceptions of mental health. Adolescence 33:823–832.
  • Cooper GS, Ephross SA, Weinberg CR, Baird DD, Whelan EA, Sandler DP. 1999. Menstrual and reproductive risk factors for ischemic heart disease. Epidemiology 10:255–259.
  • Cooper GS, Sandler DP. 1997. Long-term effects of reproductive-age menstrual cycle patterns on peri- and postmenopausal fracture risk. Am J Epidemiol 145:804–809.
  • Delavar MA, Hajian-Tilaki KO. 2008. Age at menarche in girls born from 1985 to 1989 in Mazandaran, Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J 14:90–94.
  • Deo DS, Gattarji CH. 2004. Age at menarche and associated factors. Indian J Pediatr 71:565–566.
  • Dutta S, Ray S. 2006. Menstrual health problems and hygienic practices among the adolescent girls of rural and periurban areas of West Bengal. J Fam Welf 52:73–85.
  • Fenster L, Quale C, Waller K, Windham GC, Elkin EP, Benowitz N, Swan SH. 1999. Caffeine consumption and menstrual function. Am J Epidemiol 149:550–557.
  • Fogelholm M, Valve R, Absetz P, Heinonen H, Uutela A, Patja K, Karisto A, Konttinen R, Mäkelä T, Nissinen A, Jallinoja P, Nummela O, Talja M. 2006. Rural–urban differences in health and health behaviour: A baseline description of a community health-promotion programme for the elderly. Scand J Public Health 34:632–640.
  • Gardener J. 1983. Adolescent menstrual characteristics as predictors of gynaecological health. Ann Hum Biol 10:31–40.
  • Harlow SD. 2000. Menstruation and menstrual disorders: The epidemiology of menstruation and menstrual dysfunction. In: Goldman MB, Hatch MC, editors. Women and health. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 99–113.
  • Harlow SD, Campbell B, Lin X. Raz J. 1997. Ethnic differences in the length of menstrual cycle during the postmenarcheal period. Am J Epidemiol 146:572–580.
  • Harlow SD, Campbell BC. 1994. Host factors that influence the duration of menstrual bleeding. Epidemiology 5:352–355.
  • Harlow SD, Campbell, OMR. 2000. Menstrual dysfunction: Are we missing an opportunity for improving reproductive health in developing countries? Reprod Health Matters 8:142–147.
  • Harlow SD, Ephross SA. 1995. Epidemiology of menstruation and its relevance to women's health. Epidemiol Rev 17:265–286.
  • Harlow SD, Matanowski GM. 1991. The association between weight, physical activity, and stress and variation in the length of the menstrual cycle. Am J Epidemiol 133:38–49.
  • Harlow SD, Park M. 1996. A longitudinal study of risk factors for the occurrence, duration and severity of menstrual cramps in a cohort of college women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 103:1134–1142.
  • IIPS (International Institute for Population Sciences), ORC Macro. 2007. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005–06, India. IIPS, Mumbai.
  • Jabbour HN, Kelly RW, Fraser HM, Critchley HOD. 2006. Endocrine regulation of menstruation. Endocr Rev 27:17–46.
  • Jejeebhoy SJ. 2000. Adolescent sexual and reproductive behaviour: A review of the evidence from India. In: Ramasubban R, Jejeebhoy SJ, editors. Women's reproductive health in India. New Delhi: Rawat Publication, pp. 40–101.
  • Jejeebhoy SJ, Sebastian MP. 2003. Actions that protect: Promoting sexual and reproductive health and choice among young people in India. Regional Working Papers, South and East Asia. New Delhi: Population Council.
  • Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Kashyap S, Chaudhary D. 2005. Prevalence of tobacco use among school going youths in North Indian States. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 47:161–166.
  • Judd FK, Jackson HJ, Komiti A, Murray G, Hodgins G, Fraser C. 2002. High prevalence disorders in urban and rural communities. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 36:104–113.
  • Kabir ZN, Tishelman C, Aguero-Torres H, Chowdhury AM, Winblad B, Hojer B. 2003. Gender and rural–urban differences in reported health status by older people in Bangladesh. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 37:77–91.
  • Khatri R, Gupta AN. 1978. Effect of child birth on menstrual pattern. Indian J Med Res 67:66–72.
  • Liu Y, Gold EB, Lasley BL, Johnson WO. 2004. Factors affecting menstrual cycle characteristics. Am J Epidemiol 160:131–140.
  • MacMahon B. 1974. Age at menarche: United States, 1973. DHEW publication HRA 74–1615. Rockville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
  • Marván ML, Vacio A, Espinosa-Hernándeza G. 2003. Menstrual-related changes expected by premenarcheal girls living in rural and urban areas of Mexico. Soc Sci Med 56:863–868.
  • Matsumoto S, Nogami Y, Ohkuri S. 1962. Statistical studies of menstruation: A criticism on the definition of normal menstruation. Gunma J Med Sci 11:294–318.
  • Munster K, Schmidt L, Helm P. 1992. Length and variation in the menstrual cycle: A cross sectional study from a Danish county. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 99:422–429.
  • Omran AR, Standley CC. 1976. Family formation patterns and health: an international collaborative study in India, Iran, Lebanon, Philippines, and Turkey. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Omran AR, Standley CC. 1981. Family formation patterns and health, further studies: An international collaborative study in Columbia, Egypt, Pakistan and the Syrian Arab Republic. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Patel V, Tanksae V, Sahasrabhojane M, Gupte S, Nevrekar P. 2006. The burden and determinants of dysmenorrhoea: A population-based survey of 2262 women in Goa, India. BJOG 113:453–463.
  • Power C, Matthews S. 1997. Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample. Lancet 350:1584–1589.
  • Rahman MM, Kabir M, Shahidullah M. 2004. Adolescent self reported reproductive morbidity and health care seeking behaviour. J Ayub Med Coll Abottabad 16:9–14.
  • Roberts DF, Danskin MJ, Chinn S. 1975. Menarcheal age in Northumberland. Acta Paediatr Scand 64:845–852.
  • Roberts GW, Sinclair SA. 1978. Aspects of menstrual cycle. In: Roberts GW, Sinclair SA, editors. Women in Jamaica: Patterns of reproduction and family. New York: Millwood, KTO Press, pp. 79–95.
  • Rowland AS, Baird DD, Long S, Wegienka G, Harlow SD, Alavanja M, Sandler DP. 2002. Influence of medical conditions and lifestyle factors on the menstrual cycle. Epidemiology 13:668–674.
  • Sanyal S, Ray S. 2008. Age variation in menstrual characteristics of adolescent girls of West Bengal, India. Singapore Med J 49:542–550.
  • Sinha DN, Gupta PC, Pednekar MS. 2003. Prevalence of smoking and drinking among students in North-Eastern India. Natl Med J India 16:49–50.
  • Thomas SL, Ellertson C. 2000. Nuisance or natural and health: Should monthly menstruation be optional for woman? Lancet 355:922–924.
  • Treloar AE, Boynton RE, Behn B, Brown BW. 1967. Variation of the human menstrual cycle through reproductive life. Int J Fertil 12:77–126.
  • Verheij RA, van de Mheen HD, de Bakker DH, Groenewegen PP, Mackenbach JP. 1998. Urban–rural variations in health in The Netherlands: Does selective migration play a part? J Epidemiol Community Health 52:487–493.
  • Vollman RF. 1977. The menstrual cycle. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders.
  • Wallace AE, Weeks WB, Wang S, Lee AF, Kazis LE. 2006. Rural and urban disparities in health-related quality of life among veterans with psychiatric disorders. Psychiatr Serv 57:851–856.
  • Waller K, Swan SH, Windham GC, Fenster L, Elkin EP, Lasley BL. 1998. Use of urine biomarkers to evaluate menstrual function in healthy premenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 147:1071–1080.
  • Walraven G, Ekpo G, Coleman R, Scherf C, Morison L, Harlow SD. 2002. Menstrual disorders in rural Gambia. Stud Fam Plann 33:261–268.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.