PROCALCITONIN AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN SERUM LEVELS AS MARKERS OF INFECTION IN A PEDIATRIC POPULATION WITH FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA AND CANCER

REFERENCES

• Slats AM, Egeler RM, Van Der Does-van den Berg A, Causes of death—other than progressive leukemia—in childhood acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and myeloid leukemia (AML): the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group experience. Leukemia. 2005;19:537–544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubnitz JE, Lensing S, Zhou Y, Death during induction therapy and first remission of acute leukemia in childhood: the St. Jude experience. Cancer. 2004;101:1677–1684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armendariz H, Barbieri MA, Freigeiro D, Treatment strategy and long-term results in pediatric patients treated in two consecutive AML-GATLA trials. Leukemia. 2005;19:2139–2142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacour AG, Gervaix A, Zamora SA, Procalcitonin, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1 receptor antagonist and C-reactive protein as identificators of serious bacterial infections in children with fever without localising signs. Eur J Pediatr. 2001;160:95–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galetto-Lacour A, Zamora SA, Bedside procalcitonin and C-reactive protein tests in children with fever without localizing signs of infection seen in a referral center. Pediatrics. 2003;112:1054–1060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putto A, Ruuskanen O, Meurman O, C reactive protein in the evaluation of febrile illness. Arch Dis Child. 1986;61:24–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan GR. Approach to treatment of the febrile cancer patient with low-risk neutropenia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1993;7:919–935.
   Google Scholar
• Mendes AV, Sapolnik R, Mendonca N. New guidelines for the clinical management of febrile neutropenia and sepsis in pediatric oncology patients. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83:S54–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santolaya ME, Alvarez AM, Aviles CL, Early hospital discharge followed by outpatient management versus continued hospitalization of children with cancer, fever, and neutropenia at low risk for invasive bacterial infection. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:3784–3789.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santolaya ME, Alvarez AM, Becker A, Prospective, multicenter evaluation of risk factors associated with invasive bacterial infection in children with cancer, neutropenia, and fever. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:3415–3421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santolaya ME, Alvarez AM, Aviles CL, Prospective evaluation of a model of prediction of invasive bacterial infection risk among children with cancer, fever, and neutropenia. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:678–683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klaassen RJ, Goodman TR, Pham B, “Low-risk” prediction rule for pediatric oncology patients presenting with fever and neutropenia. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:1012–1019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rondinelli PI, Ribeiro Kde C, de Camargo B. A proposed score for predicting severe infection complications in children with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2006;28:665–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santolaya ME, Rabagliati R, Bidart T, [Consensus: Rational approach towards the patient with cancer, fever and neutropenia]. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2005;22(Suppl 2):S79–S113.
   Google Scholar
• Barnes C, Ignjatovic V, Newall F, Change in serum procalcitonin (deltaPCT) predicts the clinical outcome of children admitted with febrile neutropenia. Br J Haematol. 2002;118:1197–1198.
   Google Scholar
• Gendrel D, Bohuon C. Procalcitonin as a marker of bacterial infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19:679–687; quiz 688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Rossum AM, Wulkan RW, Oudesluys-Murphy AM. Procalcitonin as an early marker of infection in neonates and children. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4:620–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleischhack G, Kambeck I, Cipic D, Procalcitonin in paediatric cancer patients: its diagnostic relevance is superior to that of C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, soluble interleukin 2 receptor and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor II. Br J Haematol. 2000;111:1093–1102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giamarellou H, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Repoussis P, Potential use of procalcitonin as a diagnostic criterion in febrile neutropenia: experience from a multicentre study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004;10:628–633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massaro KS, Costa SF, Leone C, Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as severe systemic infection markers in febrile neutropenic adults. BMC Infect Dis. 2007;7:137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Maghraby SM, Moneer MM, Ismail MM, The diagnostic value of C-reactive protein, interleukin-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein in risk stratification of febrile neutropenic children with hematologic malignancies. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2007;29:131–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stabell N, Nordal E, Stensvold E, Febrile neutropenia in children with cancer: a retrospective Norwegian multicentre study of clinical and microbiological outcome. Scand J Infect Dis. 2008;40:301–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtney DM, Aldeen AZ, Gorman SM, Cancer-associated neutropenic fever: clinical outcome and economic costs of emergency department care. Oncologist. 2007;12:1019–1026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell PL, Morland B, Stevens MC, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in established febrile neutropenia: a randomized study of pediatric patients. J Clin Oncol. 1997;15:1163–1170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozkaynak MF, Krailo M, Chen Z, Feusner J. Randomized comparison of antibiotics with and without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in children with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005;45:274–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tezcan G, Kupesiz A, Ozturk F, Episodes of fever and neutropenia in children with cancer in a tertiary care medical center in Turkey. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2006;23:217–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Secmeer G, Devrim I, Kara A, Role of procalcitonin and CRP in differentiating a stable from a deteriorating clinical course in pediatric febrile neutropenia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2007;29:107–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uys A, Rapoport BL, Fickl H, Prediction of outcome in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia: comparison of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer risk-index score with procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, and interleukins-1beta, -6, -8 and -10. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2007;16:475–483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erten N, Genc S, Besisik SK, The predictive and diagnostic values of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein for clinical outcome in febrile neutropenic patients. J Chin Med Assoc. 2004;67:217–221.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Grecka P, Poulakou G, Assessment of procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker of underlying infection in patients with febrile neutropenia. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:1718–1725.
   Google Scholar
• Engel A, Steinbach G, Kern P, Diagnostic value of procalcitonin serum levels in neutropenic patients with fever: comparison with interleukin-8. Scand J Infect Dis. 1999;31:185–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar