177
Views
37
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Development and validation of a physical examination scale to assess vaginal atrophy and inflammation

, , , , &
Pages 197-204 | Received 22 Dec 1998, Accepted 16 Jun 1999, Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

  • Johnsen S R. The clinical decision regarding hormone replacement therapy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1997; 26: 413–35
  • James C E, Breeson A J, Kovacs G, et al. The symptomatology of the climacteric in relation to hormonal and cytological factors. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1984; 91: 56–62
  • Lieblum S, Bachmann G, Kemmann E, et al. Vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. The importance of sexual activity and hormones. J Am Med Assoc 1983; 249: 2195–8
  • Bachmann G. Urogenital ageing: an old problem newly recognized. Maturitas 1995; 22(Suppl)S1–S5
  • Capewell A E, McIntyre M A, Elton R A. Postmenopausal atrophy in elderly women: is a vaginal smear necessary for diagnosis?. Age Ageing 1992; 21: 117–20
  • Semmens J P, Wagner G. Estrogen deprivation and vaginal function in postmenopausal women. J Am Med Assoc 1982; 248: 445–8
  • Gupta P R. Microbiology, inflammation, and viral infections. Comprehensive Cytology, 2nd edn., M Bibbo. WB Saunders, Philadelphia 1997; 125–6
  • Cronbach L J. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 1951; 16: 297
  • SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT Users' Guide, Version 6, 4th edn. SAS Institute, Cary, NC 1989
  • Nilsson K, Risberg B, Heimer G. The vaginal epithelium in the postmenopause: cytology, histology and pH as methods of assessment. Maturitas 1995; 21: 51–6
  • Stone S C, Mickal A, Rye P H. Postmenopausal symptomatology, maturation index, and plasma estrogen levels. Obstet Gynecol 1975; 45: 625–30
  • Beard M K. Atrophic vaginitis. Can it be prevented as well as treated?. Postgrad Med 1992; 91: 257–60

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.