References

• Allman-Farinelli, M.A., Gomes, K., Favaloro, E.J., Petocz, P., 2005. A diet rich in high oleic acid sunflower oil favourably alters low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and factor VII coagulant activity. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 105:1071–1079.
   Google Scholar
• Antongiovanni, M., Buccioni, A., Petacchi, F., Secchiari, P., Mele, M., Serra, A., 2003. Upgrading the lipid fraction of foods of animal origin by dietary means: rumen activity and presence of trans fatty acids and CLA in milk and meat. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 2:3–28.
   Google Scholar
• AOAC, 1990. Official methods of analysis. 15th ed. AOAC, Arlington, VA,USA.
   Google Scholar
• Banni, S., Carta, G., Contini, M.S., Angioni, E., Deiana, M., Dessi, M.A., Melis, M.P., Corongiu., F.P., 1996. Characterization of conjugated diene fatty acids in milk, dairy products, and lamb tissues. J. Nutr. Biochem. 7:150–155.
   Google Scholar
• Banni, S., Day, B.W., Evans, R.W., Corongiu., F.P., Lombardi, B., 1995. Detection of conjugated diene isomers of linoleic acid in liver lipids o rats fed a coline-devoid diet indicates that the diet dues not cause lipoperoxidation. J. Nutr. Biochem. 6:281–289.
   Google Scholar
• Banni, S., Martin, J.C., 1998. Conjugated linoleic acid and metabolites. In: J.L. Sebedio and W.W. Christie (eds.) Trans Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition. Oily Press, Bridgewater, UK, pp 261–302.
   Google Scholar
• Belury, A., Kempa-Steczko, A., 1997. Conjugated linoleic acid modulates hepatic lipid composition in mice. Lipids 32:199–204.
   Google Scholar
• Cesano, A., Visonneau, S., Scimeca, J.A., Kritchevsky, D., Santoli, D., 1998. Opposite effects of linoleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid on human prostatic cancer in SCID mice. Anticancer Res. 18:833–838.
   Google Scholar
• Christie, W.W., 1982. A simple procedure for rapid trans-methylation of glycerolipids and cholesterol esters. J. Lipid Res. 23:1072–1075.
   Google Scholar
• Christie, W.W., 2001. A practical guide to the analysis of conjugated linoleic acid. Inform 12:147–152.
   Google Scholar
• Du, M., Ahn, D.U., 2002. Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the growth rate of live birds and on abdominal fat content and quality of broiler meat. Poultry Sci. 81:428–433.
   Google Scholar
• Dugan, M.E.R., Aalhus, J.L., Jeremiah, J.K., Kramer, J.K.G., Schaefer, A.L., 1999. The effect of feeding conjugated linoleic acid on subsequent pork quality. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 70:45–51.
   Google Scholar
• Dugan, M.E.R., Aalhus, J.L., Schaefer, A.L., Kramer, J.K.G., 1997. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on fat to lean repartitioning and feed conversion in pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77:723–725.
   Google Scholar
• Eulitz, K., Yurawecz, M.P., Sehat, N., Fritsche, J., Roach, J.A.G., Mossoba, M.M., Kramer, J.M.G., Adlof, R.O., Ku, Y., 1999. Preparation, separation and confirmation of the eight geometrical cis/trans conjugated linoleic acid isomers 8-10 through 11, 13-18:2. Lipids 34:873–877.
   Google Scholar
• Fales, H.M., Jaouni, T.M., Babashak, J.F., 1973. Simple device for preparing ethereal diazomethane without resorting to codistillation. Anal. Chem. 45:2302–2303.
   Google Scholar
• Folch, J., Lees, M., Sloane Stanley, G.H., 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissue. J. Biol. Chem. 226:497–509.
   Google Scholar
• Frost Larsen, L., Jespersen, J., Markmann, P., 1999. Are olive oil diets antithrombotic? Diets enriched with olive, rapeseed, or sunflower oil affect post prandial factor VII differently. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70:976–982.
   Google Scholar
• Griinari, J.M., Dwyer, D.A., McGuire, M.A., Bauman, D.E., Palmquist, D.L., Nurmela K.V.V., 1998. Trans-octadecenoic acids and milk fat depression in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81:1251–1261.
   Google Scholar
• Ha, L.Y., Grimm, N.K., Pariza, M.W., 1989. Newly recognized anticarcinogenic fatty acids: identification and quantification in natural and processed cheeses. J. Agric. Food Chem. 37:75–81.
   Google Scholar
• Ip, C., 1997. Review of the effects of trans fatty acids, oleic acid, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid on mammary carcinogenesis in animals. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 66:1523–1529.
   Google Scholar
• Ip, C., Singh, M., Thomson, H.J., Scimeca, J.A., 1994. Conjugated linoleic acid suppresses mammary carcinogenesis and proliferative activity of the mammary gland in the rat. Cancer Res. 54:1212–1215.
   Google Scholar
• Kalra, E.K., 2003. Nutraceutical - Definition and introduction. Home page address: http://www.pharmasci.org
   Google Scholar
• Knekt, P., Jarvinen, R., Seppanen, R., Pukkala, E., Aroma, A., 1996. Intake of dietary products and the risk of breast cancer. Brit. J. Cancer 73:687–691.
   Google Scholar
• Kramer, J.K.G., Sehat, N., Dugan, M.E., Mossoba, M.M., Yurawecz, M.P., Roach, J,A., Eulitz, K., Aalhus, J.L., Schaefer, A.L., Ku, Y., 1998. Distribution of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers in tissue lipid classes of pigs fed commercial CLA mixture determined by gas chromatography and silver ion high performance liquid chromatography. Lipids 33:549–558.
   Google Scholar
• Kramer, J.K.G, Sehat, N., Fritsche, J., Mossoba, M.M., Eulitz, K., Yurawecz, M.P., Ku, Y., 1999. Separation of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. In: M.P. Yurawecz, M.M. Mossoba, J.K.G Kramer, M.W. Pariza and G.J. Nelson (eds.) Advances in conjugated linoleic acid research. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, USA, pp 81–109.
   Google Scholar
• Kris-Etherton, P.M., Pearson, T.A., Wan, Y., 1999. High monounsaturated fatty acid diets lower both plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70:1009–1015.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, K.N., Kritchevsky, D., Pariza, M.W., 1994. Conjugated linoleic acid and atherosclerosis in rabbits. Atherosclerosis 108:19–25.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, K.N., Pariza, M.W., Ntambi, J.M., 1998. Conjugated linoleic acid decreases hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA expression. Biochem. Bioph. Res. Co. 248:817–821.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, K.N., Storkson, J.M., Pariza, M.W., 1995. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid changes fatty acid composition in different tissues by decreasing monounsaturated fatty acids. Page 183 in IFT Annual Meeting book of abstracts, Anaheim, CA, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Lefevre, P., Diot, C., Legrand, P., Douaire, M., 1999. Hormonal regulation of Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 1 activity and gene expression in primary cultures of chicken hepatocytes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 368:329–337.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, T.Y., 2000. Conjugated linoleic acid concentration is affected by lactic cultures and additives. Food Chem. 69:27–31.
   Google Scholar
• Malau-Aduli, A.E., Siebert, B.D., Bottema, C.D., Pitchford, W.S., 1998. Breed comparision of the fatty acid composition of muscle phospholipids in Jersey and Limousin cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 76:766–773.
   Google Scholar
• Mele, M., Conte, G., Castiglioni, B., Chessa, S., Macciotta, N.P.P, Serra, A., Buccioni, A., Pagnacco, G., Secchiari., P., 2007. Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Gene Polymorphism and Milk Fatty Acid Composition in Italian Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci. 90:4458–4465.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, R., 2005. Oleic acid suppresses overexpression of ERBB2 oncogene. Lancet Oncol. 6:69 (abstr.).
   Google Scholar
• Nicolosi, R.J., Rogers, E.J., Kritchevsky, D., Scimeca, J.A., Huth, P.J., 1997. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces plasma lipoproteins and early atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Artery 22:266–277.
   Google Scholar
• NRC,1994. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9th rev. ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Ostrowska, E., Muralitharan, M., Cross, R.F., Bauman, D.E., Dunshea, F.R., 1999. Dietary conjugated linoleic acids increase lean tissue and decrease fat deposition in growing pigs. J. Nutr. 129:2037–2042.
   Google Scholar
• Pariza, M.W., Park, Y., Cook, M., Albright, K., Liu, W., 1996. Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat. Faseb J. 10:560 (abstr.).
   Google Scholar
• Park, Y., Albright, K.J., Liu, W., Storkson, J.M., Cook, M.E., Pariza, M.W., 1997. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body composition in mice. Lipids 32:853–858.
   Google Scholar
• Roach, J.A.G., Mossoba, M.M., Yurawecz, M.P., Kramer, J.K.G., 2002. Chromatografic separation and identification of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Anal. Chim. Acta 464:207–226.
   Google Scholar
• Romboli, I., Cavalchini, L., Gualtieri, M., Franchini, A., Nizza, A., Quarantelli, A., 1996. Metodologie relative alla macellazione del pollame, alla valutazione e dissezione delle carcasse delle carni avicole. Zoot. Nutr. Anim. 22:177–180.
   Google Scholar
• SAS, 1999. User’s Guide Statistics. Version 8.0. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Sauvant, D., Perez, J.M., Tran, G., 2004. Tables de composition et de valeur nutritive des matières premières destinées aux animaux d’élevage. INRA ed., Paris, France.
   Google Scholar
• Schmid, A., Collomb, M., Sieber, R., Bee, G., 2006. Conjugated linoleic acid in meat and meat products: a review. Meat Sci. 73:29–41.
   Google Scholar
• Schultz, T.D., Chew, B.P., Seaman, W.R., Luedecke, L.O., 1992. Inhibitory effect of conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid and beta-carotene on the in vitro growth of human cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 63:125–133.
   Google Scholar
• Sehat, N., Kramer, J.K.G., Mossoba, M.M., Yurawecz, M.P., Roach, J.A.G., Eulitz, K., Morehouse, K.M., Ku, Y., 1998a. Identification of conjugated linoleic acid isomers in cheese by gas chromatography, silver ion high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectral reconstructed ion profiles. Lipids 33:963–971.
   Google Scholar
• Sehat, N., Rickert, R., Mossoba, M.M., Kramer, J.K.G., Yurawecz, M.P., Roach, J.A.G., Adlof, R.O., Morehouse, K.M., Fritsche, J., Eulitz, K., Steihart, H., Ku, Y., 1999. Improved separation of conjugated fatty acid methyl esters by silver ion high performance liquid chromatography. Lipids 34:407–413.
   Google Scholar
• Sehat, N., Yurawecz, M.P., Roach, J.A.G., Mossoba, M.M., Kramer, J.K.G., Ku, Y., 1998b. Silver ion high performance liquid chromatographic separation and identification of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Lipids 33:217–221.
   Google Scholar
• Sirri, F., Tallarico, N., Meluzzi, A., Franchini, A., 2003. Fatty acid composition and productive traits of broilers fed diets containing conjugated linoleic acid. Poultry Sci. 82:1356–1361.
   Google Scholar
• Szymczyk, B., Pisulewski, P.M., Szczurek, W., Hanczakowski, P., 2001. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency and subsequent carcass quality in broiler chickens. Brit. J. Nutr. 85:465–473.
   Google Scholar
• The British Nutrition Foundation, 1992. Unsaturated fatty acids. Nutritional and physiological significance. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Thiel, R.L., Sparks, J.C., Weigand, B.R., Parrish, F.C., Ewan, R.C., 1998. Conjugated linoleic acid improves growth performance and body composition in swine. J. Anim. Sci. 76(Suppl. 2):61 (abstr.).
   Google Scholar
• Ulbrich, T.L.V., Southgate, D.A.T., 1991. Coronary heart disease: seven dietary factors. Lancet 338:985–992.
   Google Scholar
• Wolf, L.R., Bayard, C.C., 1995. Imrovement in the resolution of individual trans 18:1 isomers by capillary gas liquid chromatography: use of a 100 m CP-sil 88 column. J. AOAC Int. 72:1197–1201.
   Google Scholar