Effect of Slaughtering Age in Different Commercial Chicken Genotypes Reared According to the Organic System: 1. Welfare, Carcass and Meat Traits

References

• AlbuquerqueD.E. JunqueiraO.M. SalvadorD. Faria FilhoD.E. RizzoM.F., 2003. Effects of energy level in finisher diets and slaughter age of on the performance and carcass yield in broiler chickens. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic. 5:99-104.
   Google Scholar
• AOAC, 1995. Official methods of analysis. 15 th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
   Google Scholar
• BaezaE. SalichonM.R. MarcheG. WacrenierN. DominguezB. CulioliJ., 1999. Age and sex effects on the technological and chemical characteristics of mule duck meat. pp 135-142 in Proc. 14th Eur. Symp. Quality of Poultry Meat, Bologna, Italy.
   Google Scholar
• BaézaE. De CarvilleH. SalichonM.R. MarcheG. LeclercqB., 1997. Effect of selection, over three or four generations, on meat yield and fatness in Muscovy ducks. Brit. Poultry Sci. 38:359-365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarbutS., 1997. Problem of pale soft exudative meat in broiler chickens. Brit. Poultry Sci. 38:355-358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BergC., 2002. Health and welfare in organic poultry production. Acta Vet. Scand. 43(Suppl.1):37-45.
   Google Scholar
• BerriC. WacrenierN. MilletN. Le Bihan-DuvalE., 2001. Effect of selection for improved body composition on muscle and meat characteristics of broilers from experimental and commercial lines. Poultry Sci. 80:833-838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BoulianneM. KingA.J., 1995. Biochemical and color characteristics of skinless boneless pale chicken breast. Poultry Sci. 74:1693-1698.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrakeJ. HavensteinG.B. ScheidelerS.E. FerketP.R. RivesD.V., 1993. Relationship of sex, age, and body weight to broiler carcass yield and offal production. Poultry Sci. 72:1137-1145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CampoJ.L. GilM.G. DavilaS.G., 2001. Association between plumage condition and fear and stress levels in five breeds of chickens. Poultry Sci. 80:549-552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrè, B., RozoE., 1990. La prédiction de la valeur énérgetique des matières premières destinées à l’aviculture. Prod. Anim. 3:163-169.
   Google Scholar
• CastelliniC. Dal BoscoA. BernardiniM. CyrilH.W., 1998. Effect of dietary vitamin E on the oxidative stability of raw and cooked rabbit meat. Meat Sci. 50:153-161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CastelliniC. Dal BoscoA. MugnaiC., 2002. Effect of conventional versus organic method of production on the broiler carcass and meat quality. Meat Sci. 60:219-224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage, 1976. Colorimetry: official recommendations of the International Commission on Illumination. CIE No. 15 (E-1.3.1), CIE ed., Paris, France.
   Google Scholar
• CrawleyS.W. SloanD.R. HaleK.K., 1980. Yield and composition of edible and inedible by-products of broilers processed at 6, 7, and 8 weeks of age. Poultry Sci. 59:2243-2246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CyrilH.W. CastelliniC. Dal BoscoA., 1996. Comparison of three cooking methods of rabbit meat. Ital. J. Food Sci. 4:337-340.
   Google Scholar
• Dal BoscoA. MugnaiC. SirriF. ZampariniC. CastelliniC., 2010. Assessment of a GPS to evaluate activity of organic chickens at pasture. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 19:213-218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission, 2005. Proposal for a Council Directive laying down minimum rules for the protection of chickens kept for meat production, COM/2005/0221 final - CNS 2005/0099*/. Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52005PC0221
   Google Scholar
• European Commission, 2008. Regolamento della Commissione del 5 settembre 2008 recante modalità di applicazione del regolamento (CE) n. 834/2007 del Consiglio relativo alla produzione biologica e all’etichettatura dei prodotti biologici, per quanto riguarda la produzione biologica, l’etichettatura e i controlli, 889/2008/CE. In: Official Journal, L 250/1, 18/09/2008.
   Google Scholar
• FernandezV. SanteE. BaezaE. Lebihan-DuvalC. BerriH. RemignonR. BabileG. Le PottierN. MilletP. Berge-AstrucT., 2001. Post mortem muscle metabolism and meat quality in three genetic types of turkey. Brit. Poultry Sci. 42:462-469.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FletcherD.L., 2002. Poultry meat quality. World. Poultry Sci. J. 58:131-145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GordonS.H. CharlesD.R., 2002. Niche and organic chicken products. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.
   Google Scholar
• GreyT.C. RobinsonD. JonesJ.M. StockS.W. ThomasN.L., 1983. Effect of age and sex on the composition of muscle and skin from a commercial broiler strain. Brit. Poultry Sci. 24:219-231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HocquetteJ.F. Ortigues-MartyI. PethickB. HerpinP. FernandezX., 1998. Nutritional and hormonal regulation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscles of meat-producing animals. Livest. Prod. Sci. 56:115-143.
   Google Scholar
• KorkealaH. Mäki-PetaisO. AlankoT. SorvettulaO., 1986. Determination of pH in meat. Meat Sci. 18:121-132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Bihan-DuvalE. MilletN. RemignonH., 1999. Broiler meat quality: effect of selection for increased carcass quality and estimates of genetic parameters. Poultry Sci. 78:822-826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeenstraF.R., 1986. Effect of age, sex, genotype and environment on fat deposition in broiler chickens. A review. World. Poultry Sci. J. 42:12-25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-LemusL.A. MillerM.W. JeffreyJ.S. OdomT.W., 1998. Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac structure and function in broiler and Leghorn chickens. Poultry Sci. 77:1045-1050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MartlandM.F., 1985. Ulcerative dermatitis in broiler chickens. The effects of wet litter. Avian Pathol. 14:353-364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MartrencharA. BoilletotE. HuonnicD. PolF., 2002. Risk factors for foot pad dermatitis in chicken and turkey broilers in France. Prev. Vet. Med. 52:213-226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PerreaultN. LessonS., 1992. Age-related carcass composition changes in male broiler chickens. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 72:919-929.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• QureshiM.A. MarshJ.A. DietertR.R. SungY.J. BolnetC.N. PetitteJ.N., 1994. Profiles of chicken macrophage effector functions. Poultry Sci. 73:1027-1034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RabelloC.B., 1998. Desempenho e características de carcaça de três híbridos de frangos de corte. Degree Diss., Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil.
   Google Scholar
• RauwW.M. KanisE. Noordhuizen-StassenE.N. GrommersF.J., 1998. Undesirable side effect of selection for high production efficiency in farm animals: a review. Livest. Prod. Sci. 56:15-33.
   Google Scholar
• ReiterK. BesseiW., 1996. Effect of the distance between feeder and drinker on behaviour and leg disorders of broilers. Page 131 in Proc. 30th Int. Congr. Appl. Ethol., Guelph, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• RomboliI. CavalchiniL. GualtieriM. FranchiniA. NizzaA. QuarantelliA., 1996. Metodologie relative alla macellazione del pollame, alla valutazione e dissezione delle carcasse e delle carni avicole. Zootec. Nutr. Anim. 22:177-180.
   Google Scholar
• SantéV. BielickiG. RenerreM. LacourtA., 1991. Post mortem evolution in the pectoralis superficialis muscle from two turkey breeds: relationship between pH and colour changes. pp 465-468 in Proc. 37th Int. Congr. Meat Sci. Techn., Kulmbach, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• StataCorp, 2005. Stata statistical software, version 9.0. StataCorp Publ., College Station, TX, USA.
   Google Scholar
• TausonR. KjaerJ. MariaG. CeperoR. HolmK.E., 2005. Applied scoring of integument and health in laying hens. Anim. Sci. Pap. Rep. 23:153-159
   Google Scholar
• ThieleH.H., 2001. Breeding strategies to increase fitness in poultry. Deut. Tierarztl. Woch. 108:140-148.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WarrisP.D., 2000. Meat science: an introductory text. 1 st ed. CABI Publ., Bristol, UK.
   Google Scholar
• WeeksC.A. NicolC.J. SherwinC.M. KestinS.C., 1994. Comparison of the behaviour of broiler chicken in indoor and free-range environments. Anim. Welfare 3:179-192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YoungL.L. NorthcuttJ.K. BuhrR.J. LyonC.E. WareG.O., 2001. Effects of age, sex, and duration of postmortem aging on percentage yield of parts from broiler chicken carcasses. Poultry Sci. 80:376-379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YunisR. Ben-DavidA. HellerE.D. CahanerA., 2000. Immunocompetence and viability under commercial conditions of broiler groups differing in growth rate and antibody response to Escherichia coli vaccine. Poultry Sci. 79:810-816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar