Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: Virulence of its leukotoxin and association with aggressive periodontitis

References

• Medzhitov R. Inflammation 2010: new adventures of an old flame. Cell 2010; 140:771-6; PMID:20303867; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajishengallis G. Immunomicrobial pathogenesis of periodontitis: keystones, pathobionts, and host response. Trends immunol 2014; 35:3-11; PMID:24269668; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2013.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pihlstrom BL, Michalowicz BS, Johnson NW. Periodontal diseases. Lancet 2005; 366:1809-20; PMID:16298220; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67728-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nibali L, Donos N, Henderson B. Periodontal infectogenomics. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:1269-74; PMID:19528161; http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.012021-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockhart PB, Bolger AF, Papapanou PN, Osinbowale O, Trevisan M, Levison ME, Taubert KA, Newburger JW, Gornik HL, Gewitz MH, et al. Periodontal disease and atherosclerotic vascular disease: does the evidence support an independent association?: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2012; 125:2520-44; PMID:22514251; http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e31825719f3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Aiuto F, Parkar M, Nibali L, Suvan J, Lessem J, Tonetti MS. Periodontal infections cause changes in traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors: results from a randomized controlled clinical trial. Am Heart J 2006; 151:977-84; PMID:16644317; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2005.06.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teles R, Teles F, Frias-Lopez J, Paster B, Haffajee A. Lessons learned and unlearned in periodontal microbiology. Periodontology 2000 2013; 62:95-162; PMID:23574465; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/prd.12010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Periodontal microbial ecology. Periodontology 2000 2005; 38:135-87; PMID:15853940; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanage WP. Microbiology: Microbiome science needs a healthy dose of scepticism. Nature 2014; 512:247-8; PMID:25143098; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/512247a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh PD. Are dental diseases examples of ecological catastrophes? Microbiol 2003; 149:279-94; PMID:12624191; http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26082-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kononen E, Muller HP. Microbiology of aggressive periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2014; 65:46-78; PMID:24738586; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/prd.12016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albandar JM. Aggressive and acute periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2014; 65:7-12; PMID:24738583; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/prd.12013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nibali L, Farias BC, Vajgel A, Tu YK, Donos N. Tooth loss in aggressive periodontitis: a systematic review. J Dent Res 2013; 92:868-75; PMID:23955159; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034513501878
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Westergaard J, Frandsen A, Slots J. Ultrastructure of the subgingival microflora in juvenile periodontitis. Scand J Dent Res 1978; 86:421-9; PMID:284566
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Listgarten MA. Structure of the microbial flora associated with periodontal health and disease in man. A light and electron microscopic study. J Periodontol 1976; 47:1-18; PMID:1063849; http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1976.47.1.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung HJ, Chung CP, Son SH, Nisengard RJ. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and leukotoxicity in Korean localized juvenile periodontitis. J Periodontol 1989; 60:506-11; PMID:2677302; http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1989.60.9.506
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haubek D, Ennibi OK, Poulsen K, Vaeth M, Poulsen S, Kilian M. Risk of aggressive periodontitis in adolescent carriers of the JP2 clone of Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans in Morocco: a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Lancet 2008; 371:237-42; PMID:18207019; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60135-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson B, Ward JM, Ready D. Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans: a triple A* periodontopathogen? Periodontol 2000 2010; 54:78-105; PMID:20712635; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00331.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takada K, Saito M, Tsuzukibashi O, Kawashima Y, Ishida S, Hirasawa M. Characterization of a new serotype g isolate of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Mol Oral Microbiol 2010; 25:200-6; PMID:20536747; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-1014.2010.00572.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kittichotirat W, Bumgarner RE, Asikainen S, Chen C. Identification of the pangenome and its components in 14 distinct Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strains by comparative genomic analysis. PloS one 2011; 6:e22420; PMID:21811606; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine DH, Markowitz K, Furgang D, Fairlie K, Ferrandiz J, Nasri C, McKiernan M, Gunsolley J. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and its relationship to initiation of localized aggressive periodontitis: longitudinal cohort study of initially healthy adolescents. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3859-69; PMID:17942658; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00653-07
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine DH, Markowitz K, Furgang D, Velliyagounder K. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans as an early colonizer of oral tissues: epithelium as a reservoir? J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:4464-73; PMID:20881174; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00964-10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoglund Aberg C, Kwamin F, Claesson R, Dahlen G, Johansson A, Haubek D. Progression of attachment loss is strongly associated with presence of the JP2 genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: a prospective cohort study of a young adolescent population. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:232-41; PMID:24304011; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brogan JM, Lally ET, Poulsen K, Kilian M, Demuth DR. Regulation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin expression: analysis of the promoter regions of leukotoxic and minimally leukotoxic strains. Infect Immun 1994; 62:501-8; PMID:8300209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson A. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin: a powerful tool with capacity to cause imbalance in the host inflammatory response. Toxins 2011; 3:242-59; PMID:22069708; http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins3030242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoglund Aberg C, Haubek D, Kwamin F, Johansson A, Claesson R. Leukotoxic Activity of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Periodontal Attachment Loss. PloS one 2014; 9:e104095; PMID:25093857; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shilo S, Kassis I, Hakim F, Shachor-Meyouhas Y. Aggregatibacter actinomycemcomitans Pneumonia in Children: Two Case Reports and a Review of the Literature. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014; PMID:25068288
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Das M, Badley AD, Cockerill FR, Steckelberg JM, Wilson WR. Infective endocarditis caused by HACEK microorganisms. Annu Rev Med 1997; 48:25-33; PMID:9046942; http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.48.1.25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norskov-Lauritsen N. Classification, identification, and clinical significance of haemophilus and aggregatibacter species with host specificity for humans. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; 27:214-40; PMID:24696434; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00103-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linhartova I, Bumba L, Masin J, Basler M, Osicka R, Kamanova J, Prochazkova K, Adkins I, Hejnova-Holubova J, Sadilkova L, et al. RTX proteins: a highly diverse family secreted by a common mechanism. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2010; 34:1076-112; PMID:20528947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belibasakis GN. Cellular and molecular responses of periodontal connective tissue cells to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin. Odontological Dissertation, Faculty of Medicine: Umeå University, 2004:49
   Google Scholar
• Belibasakis GN, Johansson A, Wang Y, Chen C, Kalfas S, Lerner UH. The cytolethal distending toxin induces receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand expression in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. Infect Immun 2005; 73:342-51; PMID:15618171; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.1.342-351.2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoglund Aberg C, Antonoglou G, Haubek D, Kwamin F, Claesson R, Johansson A. Cytolethal distending toxin in isolates of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans from Ghanaian adolescents and association with serotype and disease progression. PloS one 2013; 8:e65781; PMID:23922633; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065781
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lally ET, Hill RB, Kieba IR, Korostoff J. The interaction between RTX toxins and target cells. Trends Microbiol 1999; 7:356-61; PMID:10470043; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0966-842X(99)01530-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelk P, Johansson A, Claesson R, Hanstrom L, Kalfas S. Caspase 1 involvement in human monocyte lysis induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin. Infect Immun 2003; 71:4448-55; PMID:12874324; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.8.4448-4455.2003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claesson R, Johansson A, Belibasakis G, Hanstrom L, Kalfas S. Release and activation of matrix metalloproteinase 8 from human neutrophils triggered by the leukotoxin of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontal Res 2002; 37:353-9; PMID:12366858; http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2002.00365.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dinarello CA. Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease. Blood 1996; 87:2095-147; PMID:8630372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delima AJ, Van Dyke TE. Origin and function of the cellular components in gingival crevice fluid. Periodontol 2000 2003; 31:55-76; PMID:12656996; http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0757.2003.03105.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graves D. Cytokines that promote periodontal tissue destruction. J Periodontol 2008; 79:1585-91; PMID:18673014; http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2008.080183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner UH. Inflammation-induced bone remodeling in periodontal disease and the influence of post-menopausal osteoporosis. J Dent Res 2006; 85:596-607; PMID:16798858; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jules J, Zhang P, Ashley JW, Wei S, Shi Z, Liu J, Michalek SM, Feng X. Molecular basis of requirement of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB signaling for interleukin 1-mediated osteoclastogenesis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:15728-38; PMID:22416138; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111.296228
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelk P, Claesson R, Hanstrom L, Lerner UH, Kalfas S, Johansson A. Abundant secretion of bioactive interleukin-1beta by human macrophages induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin. Infect Immun 2005; 73:453-8; PMID:15618184; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.1.453-458.2005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelk P, Claesson R, Chen C, Sjostedt A, Johansson A. IL-1beta secretion induced by Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans is mainly caused by the leukotoxin. Int J Med Microbiol : IJMM 2008; 298:529-41; PMID:17888725; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.06.005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martinon F, Burns K, Tschopp J. The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-β. Mol Cell 2002; 10:417-26; PMID:12191486; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00599-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntire CR, Yeretssian G, Saleh M. Inflammasomes in infection and inflammation. Apoptosis 2009; PMID:19156527
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu HB, Finlay BB. The caspase-1 inflammasome: a pilot of innate immune responses. Cell Host Microbe 2008; 4:198-208; PMID:18779046; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2008.08.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergsbaken T, Fink SL, Cookson BT. Pyroptosis: host cell death and inflammation. Nat Rev Microbiol 2009; 7:99-109; PMID:19148178; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Vandenabeele P, Abrams J, Alnemri ES, Baehrecke EH, Blagosklonny MV, El-Deiry WS, Golstein P, Green DR, et al. Classification of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009. Cell Death Differ 2009; 16:3-11; PMID:18846107; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2008.150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1 β, interleukin-18, and the interleukin-1 β converting enzyme. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 856:1-11; PMID:9917859; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08307.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitz J, Owyang A, Oldham E, Song Y, Murphy E, McClanahan TK, Zurawski G, Moshrefi M, Qin J, Li X, et al. IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines. Immunity 2005; 23:479-90; PMID:16286016; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2005.09.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fink SL, Cookson BT. Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis: mechanistic description of dead and dying eukaryotic cells. Infection and immunity 2005; 73:1907-16; PMID:15784530; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.4.1907-1916.2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari D, Pizzirani C, Adinolfi E, Lemoli RM, Curti A, Idzko M, Panther E, Di Virgilio F. The P2X7 receptor: a key player in IL-1 processing and release. J Immunol 2006; 176:3877-83; PMID:16547218; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.176.7.3877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1beta. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:S460-2; PMID:16340421; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000185500.11080.91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelk P, Abd H, Claesson R, Sandstrom G, Sjostedt A, Johansson A. Cellular and molecular response of human macrophages exposed to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin. Cell death & disease 2011; 2:e126; PMID:21390060; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2011.6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosser DM, Edwards JP. Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation. Nat Rev Immunol 2008; 8:958-69; PMID:19029990; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri2448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belibasakis GN, Johansson A. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans targets NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasome expression in human mononuclear leukocytes. Cytokine 2012; 59:124-30; PMID:22503597; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2012.03.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariathasan S, Weiss DS, Newton K, McBride J, O'Rourke K, Roose-Girma M, Lee WP, Weinrauch Y, Monack DM, Dixit VM. Cryopyrin activates the inflammasome in response to toxins and ATP. Nature 2006; 440:228-32; PMID:16407890; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariathasan S, Weiss DS, Dixit VM, Monack DM. Innate immunity against Francisella tularensis is dependent on the ASC/caspase-1 axis. J Exp Med 2005; 202:1043-9; PMID:16230474; http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20050977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boch JA, Wara-aswapati N, Auron PE. Interleukin 1 signal transduction–current concepts and relevance to periodontitis. J Dent Res 2001; 80:400-7; PMID:11332522; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345010800020101
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gravallese EM, Goldring SR. Cellular mechanisms and the role of cytokines in bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43:2143-51; PMID:11037873; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(200010)43:10<2143::AID-ANR1>3.0.CO;2-S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmlund A, Hanstrom L, Lerner UH. Bone resorbing activity and cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid before and after treatment of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31:475-82; PMID:15142219; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00504.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kornman KS, di Giovine FS. Genetic variations in cytokine expression: a risk factor for severity of adult periodontitis. Ann Periodontol 1998; 3:327-38; PMID:9722717; http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/annals.1998.3.1.327
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Timmerman MF, Van der Weijden GA, Abbas F, Arief EM, Armand S, Winkel EG, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Van der Velden U. Untreated periodontal disease in Indonesian adolescents. Longitudinal clinical data and prospective clinical and microbiological risk assessment. J Clin Periodontol 2000; 27:932-42; PMID:11140561; http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027012932.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van der Velden U, Abbas F, Armand S, Loos BG, Timmerman MF, Van der Weijden GA, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Winkel EG. Java project on periodontal diseases. The natural development of periodontitis: risk factors, risk predictors and risk determinants. J Clin Periodontol 2006; 33:540-8; PMID:16899096; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.00953.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silveira VR, Nogueira MV, Nogueira NA, Lima V, Furlaneto FA, Rego RO. Leukotoxicity of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in generalized aggressive periodontitis in Brazilians and their family members. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21:430-6; PMID:24212989; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38187
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haubek D. The highly leukotoxic JP2 clone of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: evolutionary aspects, epidemiology and etiological role in aggressive periodontitis. APMIS Suppl 2010:1-53; PMID:21214629; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02665.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haubek D, Johansson A. Pathogenicity of the highly leukotoxic JP2 clone of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and its geographic dissemination and role in aggressive periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol 2014; 6; PMID:25206940; http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jom.v6.23980
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haraszthy VI, Hariharan G, Tinoco EM, Cortelli JR, Lally ET, Davis E, Zambon JJ. Evidence for the role of highly leukotoxic Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the pathogenesis of localized juvenile and other forms of early-onset periodontitis. J Periodontol 2000; 71:912-22; PMID:10914794; http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2000.71.6.912
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elamin A, Albandar JM, Poulsen K, Ali RW, Bakken V. Prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Sudanese patients with aggressive periodontitis: a case-control study. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:285-91; PMID:21332472; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01337.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zambon JJ. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1985; 12:1-20; PMID:3882766; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1985.tb01348.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlen G, Claesson R, Aberg CH, Haubek D, Johansson A, Kwamin F. Subgingival bacteria in Ghanaian adolescents with or without progression of attachment loss. J Oral Microbiol 2014; 6; PMID:24834145; http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jom.v6.23977
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johansson A, Hanstrom L, Kalfas S. Inhibition of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxicity by bacteria from the subgingival flora. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2000; 15:218-25; PMID:11154406; http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-302x.2000.150402.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haraguchi A, Miura M, Fujise O, Hamachi T, Nishimura F. Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipain is involved in the detachment and aggregation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 29:131-43; PMID:24661327; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/omi.12051
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takasaki K, Fujise O, Miura M, Hamachi T, Maeda K. Porphyromonas gingivalis displays a competitive advantage over Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in co-cultured biofilm. J Periodontal Res 2013; 48:286-92; PMID:23033940; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jre.12006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen C, Wang T, Chen W. Occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in subgingival plaque from United States subjects. Molecular oral microbiology 2010; 25:207-14; PMID:20536748; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-1014.2010.00567.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nibali L, D'Aiuto F, Ready D, Parkar M, Yahaya R, Donos N. No association between A actinomycetemcomitans or P gingivalis and chronic or aggressive periodontitis diagnosis. Quintessence Int 2012; 43:247-54; PMID:22299125
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McArthur WP, Tsai CC, Baehni PC, Genco RJ, Taichman NS. Leukotoxic effects of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Modulation by serum components. J Periodontal Res 1981; 16:159-70; PMID:6453979; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00962.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johansson A, Claesson R, Belibasakis G, Makoveichuk E, Hanstrom L, Olivecrona G, Kalfas S. Lack of lipoprotein-dependent effects on the cytotoxic interactions of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin with human neutrophils. APMIS 2002; 110:857-62; PMID:12645663; http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0463.2002.1101203.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson A, Claesson R, Belibasakis G, Makoveichuk E, Hanstrom L, Olivecrona G, Sandstrom G, Kalfas S. Protease inhibitors, the responsible components for the serum-dependent enhancement of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxicity. Eur J Oral Sci 2001; 109:335-41; PMID:11695755; http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0722.2001.00055.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson A, Claesson R, Hanstrom L, Sandstrom G, Kalfas S. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte degranulation induced by leukotoxin from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontal Res 2000; 35:85-92; PMID:10863962; http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2000.035002085.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brage M, Holmlund A, Johansson A. Humoral immune response to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:170-5; PMID:21118415; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01325.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paino A, Ahlstrand T, Nuutila J, Navickaite I, Lahti M, Tuominen H, Valimaa H, Lamminmaki U, Pollanen MT, Ihalin R. Identification of a novel bacterial outer membrane interleukin-1Beta-binding protein from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. PloS one 2013; 8:e70509; PMID:23936223; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar