Characterization of rare transforming KRAS mutations in sporadic colorectal cancer

References

• Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61:69 - 90; http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.20107; PMID: 21296855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markman B, Javier Ramos F, Capdevila J, Tabernero J. EGFR and KRAS in colorectal cancer. Adv Clin Chem 2010; 51:71 - 119; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2423(10)51004-7; PMID: 20857619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand TM, Wheeler DL. KRAS mutant colorectal tumors: past and present. Small GTPases 2012; 3:34 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/sgtp.18751; PMID: 22714415
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benvenuti S, Sartore-Bianchi A, Di Nicolantonio F, Zanon C, Moroni M, Veronese S, Siena S, Bardelli A. Oncogenic activation of the RAS/RAF signaling pathway impairs the response of metastatic colorectal cancers to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody therapies. Cancer Res 2007; 67:2643 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4158; PMID: 17363584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lièvre A, Bachet JB, Boige V, Cayre A, Le Corre D, Buc E, Ychou M, Bouché O, Landi B, Louvet C, et al. KRAS mutations as an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:374 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.12.5906; PMID: 18202412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jimeno A, Messersmith WA, Hirsch FR, Franklin WA, Eckhardt SG. KRAS mutations and sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in colorectal cancer: practical application of patient selection. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:1130 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2008.19.8168; PMID: 19124802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amado RG, Wolf M, Peeters M, Van Cutsem E, Siena S, Freeman DJ, Juan T, Sikorski R, Suggs S, Radinsky R, et al. Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:1626 - 34; http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.14.7116; PMID: 18316791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollag G, Adler F, elMasry N, McCabe PC, Conner E Jr., Thompson P, McCormick F, Shannon K. Biochemical characterization of a novel KRAS insertion mutation from a human leukemia. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:32491 - 4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.51.32491; PMID: 8955068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tejpar S, Celik I, Schlichting M, Sartorius U, Bokemeyer C, Van Cutsem E. Association of KRAS G13D tumor mutations with outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with first-line chemotherapy with or without cetuximab. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:3570 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.42.2592; PMID: 22734028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edkins S, O’Meara S, Parker A, Stevens C, Reis M, Jones S, Greenman C, Davies H, Dalgliesh G, Forbes S, et al. Recurrent KRAS codon 146 mutations in human colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2006; 5:928 - 32; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cbt.5.8.3251; PMID: 16969076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreyev HJ, Norman AR, Cunningham D, Oates JR, Clarke PA. Kirsten ras mutations in patients with colorectal cancer: the multicenter “RASCAL” study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90:675 - 84; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/90.9.675; PMID: 9586664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zulhabri O, Rahman J, Ismail S, Isa MR, Wan Zurinah WN. Predominance of G to A codon 12 mutation K-ras gene in Dukes’ B colorectal cancer. Singapore Med J 2012; 53:26 - 31; PMID: 22252179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo A, Bazan V, Agnese V, Rodolico V, Gebbia N. Prognostic and predictive factors in colorectal cancer: Kirsten Ras in CRC (RASCAL) and TP53CRC collaborative studies. Ann Oncol 2005; 16:Suppl 4 iv44 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdi907; PMID: 15923428
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Richman SD, Seymour MT, Chambers P, Elliott F, Daly CL, Meade AM, Taylor G, Barrett JH, Quirke P. KRAS and BRAF mutations in advanced colorectal cancer are associated with poor prognosis but do not preclude benefit from oxaliplatin or irinotecan: results from the MRC FOCUS trial. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:5931 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.22.4295; PMID: 19884549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim ST, Park KH, Kim JS, Shin SW, Kim YH. Impact of KRAS Mutation Status on Outcomes in Metastatic Colon Cancer Patients without Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Therapy. Cancer Res Treat 2013; 45:55 - 62; http://dx.doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.1.55; PMID: 23613671
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petrelli F, Coinu A, Cabiddu M, Ghilardi M, Barni S. KRAS as prognostic biomarker in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with bevacizumab: a pooled analysis of 12 published trials. Med Oncol 2013; 30:650; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12032-013-0650-4; PMID: 23828442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe T, Yoshino T, Uetake H, Yamazaki K, Ishiguro M, Kurokawa T, Saijo N, Ohashi Y, Sugihara K. KRAS mutational status in Japanese patients with colorectal cancer: results from a nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 43:706 - 12; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyt062; PMID: 23657052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adelstein BA, Dobbins TA, Harris CA, Marschner IC, Ward RL. A systematic review and meta-analysis of KRAS status as the determinant of response to anti-EGFR antibodies and the impact of partner chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:1343 - 54; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.03.031; PMID: 21550229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao C, Zhou J, Yang Z, Huang Y, Wu X, Shen H, Tang J, Chen Q. KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations and the loss of PTEN expression in Chinese patients with colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36653; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036653; PMID: 22586484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunxia Z, Jun C, Guanshan Z, Yachao L, Xueke Z, Jin L. Mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor and K-ras in Chinese patients with colorectal cancer. BMC Med Genet 2010; 11:34; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2350-11-34; PMID: 20184776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samowitz WS, Curtin K, Schaffer D, Robertson M, Leppert M, Slattery ML. Relationship of Ki-ras mutations in colon cancers to tumor location, stage, and survival: a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000; 9:1193 - 7; PMID: 11097226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elnatan J, Goh HS, Smith DR. C-KI-RAS activation and the biological behaviour of proximal and distal colonic adenocarcinomas. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A:491 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(95)00567-6; PMID: 8814697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosty C, Young JP, Walsh MD, Clendenning M, Walters RJ, Pearson S, Pavluk E, Nagler B, Pakenas D, Jass JR, et al. Colorectal carcinomas with KRAS mutation are associated with distinctive morphological and molecular features. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:825 - 34; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2012.240; PMID: 23348904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin JK, Chang SC, Wang HS, Yang SH, Jiang JK, Chen WC, Lin TC, Li AF. Distinctive clinicopathological features of Ki-ras mutated colorectal cancers. J Surg Oncol 2006; 94:234 - 41; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jso.20438; PMID: 16900509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pai RK, Jayachandran P, Koong AC, Chang DT, Kwok S, Ma L, Arber DA, Balise RR, Tubbs RR, Shadrach B, et al. BRAF-mutated, microsatellite-stable adenocarcinoma of the proximal colon: an aggressive adenocarcinoma with poor survival, mucinous differentiation, and adverse morphologic features. Am J Surg Pathol 2012; 36:744 - 52; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e31824430d7; PMID: 22314188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedix F, Kube R, Meyer F, Schmidt U, Gastinger I, Lippert H, Colon/Rectum Carcinomas (Primary Tumor) Study Group. Comparison of 17,641 patients with right- and left-sided colon cancer: differences in epidemiology, perioperative course, histology, and survival. Dis Colon Rectum 2010; 53:57 - 64; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/DCR.0b013e3181c703a4; PMID: 20010352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bufill JA. Colorectal cancer: evidence for distinct genetic categories based on proximal or distal tumor location. Ann Intern Med 1990; 113:779 - 88; http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-10-779; PMID: 2240880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugai T, Habano W, Jiao YF, Tsukahara M, Takeda Y, Otsuka K, Nakamura S. Analysis of molecular alterations in left- and right-sided colorectal carcinomas reveals distinct pathways of carcinogenesis: proposal for new molecular profile of colorectal carcinomas. J Mol Diagn 2006; 8:193 - 201; http://dx.doi.org/10.2353/jmoldx.2006.050052; PMID: 16645205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soong R, Powell B, Elsaleh H, Gnanasampanthan G, Smith DR, Goh HS, Joseph D, Iacopetta B. Prognostic significance of TP53 gene mutation in 995 cases of colorectal carcinoma. Influence of tumour site, stage, adjuvant chemotherapy and type of mutation. Eur J Cancer 2000; 36:2053 - 60; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8049(00)00285-9; PMID: 11044641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iacopetta B. Are there two sides to colorectal cancer?. Int J Cancer 2002; 101:403 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.10635; PMID: 12216066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brink M, de Goeij AF, Weijenberg MP, Roemen GM, Lentjes MH, Pachen MM, Smits KM, de Bruïne AP, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. K-ras oncogene mutations in sporadic colorectal cancer in The Netherlands Cohort Study. Carcinogenesis 2003; 24:703 - 10; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgg009; PMID: 12727799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reimann C, Arola M, Bierings M, Karow A, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Hasle H, Niemeyer CM, Kratz CP. A novel somatic K-Ras mutation in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2006; 20:1637 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2404303; PMID: 16826224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tartaglia M, Martinelli S, Cazzaniga G, Cordeddu V, Iavarone I, Spinelli M, Palmi C, Carta C, Pession A, Aricò M, et al. Genetic evidence for lineage-related and differentiation stage-related contribution of somatic PTPN11 mutations to leukemogenesis in childhood acute leukemia. Blood 2004; 104:307 - 13; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-11-3876; PMID: 14982869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Servomaa K, Kiuru A, Kosma VM, Hirvikoski P, Rytömaa T. p53 and K-ras gene mutations in carcinoma of the rectum among Finnish women. Mol Pathol 2000; 53:24 - 30; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/mp.53.1.24; PMID: 10884918
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schmid K, Oehl N, Wrba F, Pirker R, Pirker C, Filipits M. EGFR/KRAS/BRAF mutations in primary lung adenocarcinomas and corresponding locoregional lymph node metastases. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:4554 - 60; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0089; PMID: 19584155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wójcik P, Kulig J, Okoń K, Zazula M, Moździoch I, Niepsuj A, Stachura J. KRAS mutation profile in colorectal carcinoma and novel mutation--internal tandem duplication in KRAS. Pol J Pathol 2008; 59:93 - 6; PMID: 18669174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khosravi-Far R, White MA, Westwick JK, Solski PA, Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M, Van Aelst L, Wigler MH, Der CJ. Oncogenic Ras activation of Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent pathways is sufficient to cause tumorigenic transformation. Mol Cell Biol 1996; 16:3923 - 33; PMID: 8668210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong JH, Ng DC, Chau SL, So KK, Leung PP, Lee TL, Lung RW, Chan MW, Chan AW, Lo KW, et al. Putative tumour-suppressor gene DAB2 is frequently down regulated by promoter hypermethylation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:253; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-10-253; PMID: 20525238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lung RW, Tong JH, Sung YM, Leung PS, Ng DC, Chau SL, Chan AW, Ng EK, Lo KW, To KF. Modulation of LMP2A expression by a newly identified Epstein-Barr virus-encoded microRNA miR-BART22. Neoplasia 2009; 11:1174 - 84; PMID: 19881953
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang W, Tong JH, Chan AW, Lee TL, Lung RW, Leung PP, So KK, Wu K, Fan D, Yu J, et al. Yes-associated protein 1 exhibits oncogenic property in gastric cancer and its nuclear accumulation associates with poor prognosis. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:2130 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2467; PMID: 21346147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imamura Y, Morikawa T, Liao X, Lochhead P, Kuchiba A, Yamauchi M, Qian ZR, Nishihara R, Meyerhardt JA, Haigis KM, et al. Specific mutations in KRAS codons 12 and 13, and patient prognosis in 1075 BRAF wild-type colorectal cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4753 - 63; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-3210; PMID: 22753589
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Roock W, Claes B, Bernasconi D, De Schutter J, Biesmans B, Fountzilas G, Kalogeras KT, Kotoula V, Papamichael D, Laurent-Puig P, et al. Effects of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, and PIK3CA mutations on the efficacy of cetuximab plus chemotherapy in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective consortium analysis. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11:753 - 62; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70130-3; PMID: 20619739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang YS, Yeh KT, Chang TJ, Chai C, Lu HC, Hsu NC, Chang JG. Fast simultaneous detection of K-RAS mutations in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:179; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-9-179; PMID: 19515263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karapetis CS, Khambata-Ford S, Jonker DJ, O’Callaghan CJ, Tu D, Tebbutt NC, Simes RJ, Chalchal H, Shapiro JD, Robitaille S, et al. K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:1757 - 65; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0804385; PMID: 18946061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar