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Research Article

Clinical experience with and analytical confirmation of “bath salts” and “legal highs” (synthetic cathinones) in the United States

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Pages 499-505 | Received 27 Apr 2011, Accepted 19 May 2011, Published online: 04 Oct 2011

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João L. Gonçalves, Vera L. Alves, Joselin Aguiar, Helena M. Teixeira & José S. Câmara. (2019) Synthetic cathinones: an evolving class of new psychoactive substances. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 49:7, pages 549-566.
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Lauren Zimmerman, Tess M. Kilwein, Danielle Beyer, Cassidy Marks & Alison Looby. (2019) “Not for Human Consumption”: A Descriptive Investigation into User Characteristics, Motives, and Consequences Associated with Bath Salt Use. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 51:3, pages 218-224.
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Ian P. Albery, Antony C. Moss, Nicola Davidson, S. Mba, Ursula Blaszko & Alexander P. Marchant. (2018) Selective attentional bias for novel psychoactive substance (NPS) and expectancy-related stimuli among nonproblematic NPS users and never NPS users. Journal of Substance Use 23:4, pages 422-428.
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Kayla N. Ellefsen, Marta Concheiro & Marilyn A. Huestis. (2016) Synthetic cathinone pharmacokinetics, analytical methods, and toxicological findings from human performance and postmortem cases. Drug Metabolism Reviews 48:2, pages 237-265.
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Efosa Airuehia, Laine Young Walker & Jessica Nittler. (2015) A Review of “Bath Salts”: Evolving Designer Drugs of Abuse. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse 24:4, pages 186-190.
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Matilda Bäckberg, Erik Lindeman, Olof Beck & Anders Helander. (2015) Characteristics of analytically confirmed 3-MMC-related intoxications from the Swedish STRIDA project. Clinical Toxicology 53:1, pages 46-53.
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Magalie Paillet-Loilier, Alexandre Cesbron, Reynald Le Boisselier, Joanna Bourgine & Danièle Debruyne. (2014) Emerging drugs of abuse: current perspectives on substituted cathinones. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation 5, pages 37-52.
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Patrick S. Johnson & Matthew W. Johnson. (2014) Investigation of “Bath Salts” Use Patterns Within an Online Sample of Users in the United States. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 46:5, pages 369-378.
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Marie Claire Van Hout. (2014) An Internet Study of User’s Experiences of the Synthetic Cathinone 4-Methylethcathinone (4-MEC). Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 46:4, pages 273-286.
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A. Schneir, B. T. Ly, K. Casagrande, M. Darracq, S. R. Offerman, S. Thornton, C. Smollin, R. Vohra, C. Rangun, C. Tomaszewski & R. R. Gerona. (2014) Comprehensive analysis of “bath salts” purchased from California stores and the internet. Clinical Toxicology 52:7, pages 651-658.
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D. M. Wood, F. Heyerdahl, C. B. Yates, A. M. Dines, I. Giraudon, K. E. Hovda & P. I. Dargan. (2014) The European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN). Clinical Toxicology 52:4, pages 239-241.
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Bryan Lee Miller & John M. Stogner. (2014) Not-So-Clean Fun: A Profile of Bath Salt Users Among a College Sample in the United States. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 46:2, pages 147-153.
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J. R. H. Archer, P. I. Dargan, H. M. D. Lee, S. Hudson & D. M. Wood. (2014) Trend analysis of anonymised pooled urine from portable street urinals in central London identifies variation in the use of novel psychoactive substances. Clinical Toxicology 52:3, pages 160-165.
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Frank Nuessel. (2014) A Note on the Brand Names for “Bath Salts”. Names 62:1, pages 49-56.
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Michael Capriola. (2013) Synthetic cathinone abuse. Clinical Pharmacology: Advances and Applications 5, pages 109-115.
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Anders Helander, Olof Beck, Robert Hägerkvist & Peter Hultén. (2013) Identification of novel psychoactive drug use in Sweden based on laboratory analysis – initial experiences from the STRIDA project. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 73:5, pages 400-406.
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S. Rutherfoord Rose, Justin L. Poklis & Alphonse Poklis. (2013) A case of 25I-NBOMe (25-I) intoxication: a new potent 5-HT2A agonist designer drug. Clinical Toxicology 51:3, pages 174-177.
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Stephen L. Thornton, Jean Lo, Richard F. Clark, Alan H.B. Wu & Roy R. Gerona. (2012) Simultaneous detection of multiple designer drugs in serum, urine, and CSF in a patient with prolonged psychosis. Clinical Toxicology 50:10, pages 1165-1168.
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Thomas M. Penders, Richard E. Gestring & Dmitry A. Vilensky. (2012) Intoxication Delirium following Use of Synthetic Cathinone Derivatives. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 38:6, pages 616-617.
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Mathias B. Forrester. (2012) Synthetic Cathinone Exposures Reported to Texas Poison Centers. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 38:6, pages 609-615.
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JacobM. McClean, Ara Anspikian & JohnW. Tsuang. (2012) Bath Salt Use: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Journal of Dual Diagnosis 8:3, pages 250-256.
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