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Original Articles

The Rank(Sr) scale: Its basis and its applicability as a maturity index for all coals

Pages 521-553 | Received 16 Dec 1999, Accepted 02 Jun 2000, Published online: 23 Mar 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (4)

RP Suggate. (2015) Extensional basin development and subsequent inversion in Greymouth Coalfield. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 58:1, pages 1-12.
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RP Suggate & RJ Boyd. (2012) Greymouth Coalfield, New Zealand: vertical coal rank gradients, depths of burial and palaeotemperatures. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 55:2, pages 111-126.
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R. P. Suggate. (2006) Coal rank, coal type, and marine influence in the north Taranaki coalfields, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 49:2, pages 255-268.
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Steve Killops, Paul Walker & Dave Wavrek. (2001) Maturity‐related variations in the bitumen compositions of coals from Tara‐1 and Toko‐1 wells. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 44:1, pages 157-169.
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Articles from other publishers (34)

S. A. Salman, E. A. Abou El-Anwar, W. A. Makled, K. H. Mahfouz & Z. L. Belal. (2024) Hydrocarbon generation potential evaluation via petrographic and geochemical analyses of El-Maghara coal in Sinai, Egypt. Scientific Reports 14:1.
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Romeo M. Flores & Tim A. Moore. 2024. Coal and Coalbed Gas. Coal and Coalbed Gas 305 362 .
Beilei Sun, Fangui Zeng, Tim A. Moore, Sandra Rodrigues, Chao Liu & Guoquan Wang. (2022) Geochemistry of two high-lithium content coal seams, Shanxi Province, China. International Journal of Coal Geology 260, pages 104059.
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Tim A. Moore, Shifeng Dai, Carme Huguet, Jillian Pearse, Jingjing Liu, Joan S. Esterle & Rongkun Jia. (2022) Petrographic and geochemical characteristics of selected coal seams from the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene Guaduas Formation, Eastern Cordillera Basin, Colombia. International Journal of Coal Geology 259, pages 104042.
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Yakup Çelik, Ali Ihsan Karayigit, R. Görkem Oskay, Mine Sezgül Kayseri-Özer, Kimon Christanis, James C. Hower & Xavier Querol. (2021) A multidisciplinary study and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of middle Miocene Keles lignite (Harmancık Basin, NW Turkey), with emphasis on syngenetic zeolite formation. International Journal of Coal Geology 237, pages 103691.
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Emmanuel Arriola, Wei-Hsin Chen, Yi-Kai Chih, Mark Daniel De Luna & Pau Loke Show. (2020) Impact of post-torrefaction process on biochar formation from wood pellets and self-heating phenomena for production safety. Energy 207, pages 118324.
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Larry Thomas. 2020. Coal Geology. Coal Geology 475 496 .
Felix Froidl, Laura Zieger, Nicolaj Mahlstedt & Ralf Littke. (2020) Comparison of single- and multi-ramp bulk kinetics for a natural maturity series of Westphalian coals: Implications for modelling petroleum generation. International Journal of Coal Geology 219, pages 103378.
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Xinyang WangXinyang Wang. 2020. Spontaneous Combustion of Coal. Spontaneous Combustion of Coal 129 170 .
B. Basil Beamish & Jan Theiler. (2019) Coal spontaneous combustion: Examples of the self-heating incubation process. International Journal of Coal Geology 215, pages 103297.
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Stephen Brennan, Ludmila Adam & Lorna Strachan. (2018) Dynamic elasticity and the controlling physical properties of New Zealand’s coaly source rocks. Dynamic elasticity and the controlling physical properties of New Zealand’s coaly source rocks.
Jacob O. Uguna, Andrew D. Carr, Chris Marshall, David J. Large, Will Meredith, Malte Jochmann, Colin E. Snape, Christopher H. Vane, Maria A. Jensen & Snorre Olaussen. (2017) Improving spatial predictability of petroleum resources within the Central Tertiary Basin, Spitsbergen: A geochemical and petrographic study of coals from the eastern and western coalfields. International Journal of Coal Geology 179, pages 278-294.
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Clemens Glombitza, Kai Mangelsdorf & Brian Horsfield. (2016) Differences in bitumen and kerogen-bound fatty acid fractions during diagenesis and early catagenesis in a maturity series of New Zealand coals. International Journal of Coal Geology 153, pages 28-36.
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Diana Catalina Cruz Ceballos, Kelly Hawboldt & Robert Hellleur. (2015) Effect of production conditions on self-heating propensity of torrefied sawmill residues. Fuel 160, pages 227-237.
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M. Clouard, S. Criquet, D. Borschneck, F. Ziarelli, F. Marzaioli, J. Balesdent & C. Keller. (2014) Impact of lignite on pedogenetic processes and microbial functions in Mediterranean soils. Geoderma 232-234, pages 257-269.
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Anup Kumar Bandopadhyay & Debadutta Mohanty. (2014) Variation in hydrogen content of vitrinite concentrates with rank advance. Fuel 134, pages 220-225.
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R. Sykes, H. Volk, S.C. George, M. Ahmed, K.E. Higgs, P.E. Johansen & L.R. Snowdon. (2014) Marine influence helps preserve the oil potential of coaly source rocks: Eocene Mangahewa Formation, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Organic Geochemistry 66, pages 140-163.
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T.T.A. Vu, B. Horsfield, N. Mahlstedt, H.J. Schenk, S.R. Kelemen, C.C. Walters, P.J. Kwiatek & R. Sykes. (2013) The structural evolution of organic matter during maturation of coals and its impact on petroleum potential and feedstock for the deep biosphere. Organic Geochemistry 62, pages 17-27.
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Bat-Orshikh Erdenetsogt, Insung Lee, Sung Keun Lee, Yoon-Joo Ko & Delegiin Bat-Erdene. (2010) Solid-state C-13 CP/MAS NMR study of Baganuur coal, Mongolia: Oxygen-loss during coalification from lignite to subbituminous rank. International Journal of Coal Geology 82:1-2, pages 37-44.
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Clemens Glombitza, Kai Mangelsdorf & Brian Horsfield. (2009) Maturation related changes in the distribution of ester bound fatty acids and alcohols in a coal series from the New Zealand Coal Band covering diagenetic to catagenetic coalification levels. Organic Geochemistry 40:10, pages 1063-1073.
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T.T.A. Vu, K.-G. Zink, K. Mangelsdorf, R. Sykes, H. Wilkes & B. Horsfield. (2009) Changes in bulk properties and molecular compositions within New Zealand Coal Band solvent extracts from early diagenetic to catagenetic maturity levels. Organic Geochemistry 40:9, pages 963-977.
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Clemens Glombitza, Kai Mangelsdorf & Brian Horsfield. (2009) A novel procedure to detect low molecular weight compounds released by alkaline ester cleavage from low maturity coals to assess its feedstock potential for deep microbial life. Organic Geochemistry 40:2, pages 175-183.
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Thi Anh Tiem Vu, Brian Horsfield & Richard Sykes. (2008) Influence of in-situ bitumen on the generation of gas and oil in New Zealand coals. Organic Geochemistry 39:11, pages 1606-1619.
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Carol I. Butland & Tim A. Moore. (2008) Secondary biogenic coal seam gas reservoirs in New Zealand: A preliminary assessment of gas contents. International Journal of Coal Geology 76:1-2, pages 151-165.
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Tennille E. Mares & Tim A. Moore. (2008) The influence of macroscopic texture on biogenically-derived coalbed methane, Huntly coalfield, New Zealand. International Journal of Coal Geology 76:1-2, pages 175-185.
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R.C. Davis, S.W. Noon & J. Harrington. (2007) The petroleum potential of Tertiary coals from Western Indonesia: Relationship to mire type and sequence stratigraphic setting. International Journal of Coal Geology 70:1-3, pages 35-52.
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B.B. Beamish. (2005) Comparison of the R70 self-heating rate of New Zealand and Australian coals to Suggate rank parameter. International Journal of Coal Geology 64:1-2, pages 139-144.
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R. Sykes. (2022) Peat biomass and early diagenetic controls on the paraffinic oil potential of humic coals, Canterbury Basin, New Zealand. Petroleum Geoscience 10:4, pages 283-303.
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R.P. Suggate & W.W. Dickinson. (2004) Carbon NMR of coals: the effects of coal type and rank. International Journal of Coal Geology 57:1, pages 1-22.
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B. B. Beamish, J. D. St. George & M. A. Barakat. (2018) Kinetic parameters associated with self-heating of New Zealand coals under adiabatic conditions. Mineralogical Magazine 67:4, pages 665-670.
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R Sykes & L.R Snowdon. (2002) Guidelines for assessing the petroleum potential of coaly source rocks using Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Organic Geochemistry 33:12, pages 1441-1455.
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Steve Killops, Dan Jarvie, Richard Sykes & Rob Funnell. (2002) Maturity-related variation in the bulk-transformation kinetics of a suite of compositionally related New Zealand coals. Marine and Petroleum Geology 19:9, pages 1151-1168.
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R.P. Suggate. (2002) Application of Rank(Sr), a maturity index based on chemical analyses of coals. Marine and Petroleum Geology 19:8, pages 929-950.
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Ronald W.T Wilkins & Simon C George. (2002) Coal as a source rock for oil: a review. International Journal of Coal Geology 50:1-4, pages 317-361.
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