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Communication Education Volume 34, 1985 - Issue 4
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Visualization: A means of reducing speech anxiety

Joe Ayres Associate Professor in the Department of Communication, Washington State University,
&
Theodore S. Hopf Associate Professor in the Department of Communication, Washington State University,
Pages 318-323 | Published online: 18 May 2009

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Charles W. Choi, James M. Honeycutt & Graham D. Bodie. (2015) Effects of Imagined Interactions and Rehearsal on Speaking Performance. Communication Education 64:1, pages 25-44.
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GrahamD. Bodie . (2010) A Racing Heart, Rattling Knees, and Ruminative Thoughts: Defining, Explaining, and Treating Public Speaking Anxiety. Communication Education 59:1, pages 70-105.
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AmberN. Finn, ChrisR. Sawyer & Paul Schrodt. (2009) Examining the Effect of Exposure Therapy on Public Speaking State Anxiety. Communication Education 58:1, pages 92-109.
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Joe Ayres. (2005) Performance Visualization and Behavioral Disruption: A Clarification. Communication Reports 18:1-2, pages 55-63.
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Ralph R. Behnke & Chris R. Sawyer. (2004) Public speaking anxiety as a function of sensitization and habituation processes. Communication Education 53:2, pages 164-1173.
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Joe Ayres & DebbieM. Ayres Sonandre’. (2003) Performance visualization: Does the nature of the speech model matter?. Communication Research Reports 20:3, pages 260-268.
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BrianL. Heuett, Chia‐Fang (Sandy) Hsu & Joe Ayres. (2003) Testing a screening procedure in the treatments for communication apprehension. Communication Research Reports 20:3, pages 219-229.
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Joe Ayres & TracyA. Ayres. (2003) Using images to enhance the impact of visualization. Communication Reports 16:1, pages 47-55.
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Joe Ayres & TanichyaK. Wongprasert. (2003) Measuring the impact of visualization on mental imagery: Comparing prepared versus original drawings. Communication Research Reports 20:1, pages 45-53.
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Joe Ayres & TerenceS. Schliesman. (2002) Paradoxical Intention: An Alternative for the Reduction of Communication Apprehension?. Communication Research Reports 19:1, pages 38-45.
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ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (2002) Reduction in public speaking state anxiety during performance as a function of sensitization processes. Communication Quarterly 50:1, pages 110-121.
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RalphR. Behnke & ChrisR. Sawyer. (2001) Public speaking arousal as a function of anticipatory activation and autonomic reactivity. Communication Reports 14:2, pages 73-85.
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Joe Ayres, TanichyaK. Wongprasert, John Silva, Traci Story, Chia‐Fang Sandy Hsu & Darshan Sawant D.. (2001) Effects of performance visualization on employment interviews. Communication Quarterly 49:2, pages 160-171.
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Joe Ayres, Chia‐Fang “Sandy” Hsu & Tim Hopf. (2000) Does exposure to visualization alter speech preparation processes?. Communication Research Reports 17:4, pages 366-374.
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Joe Ayres & BrianL. Heuett. (2000) An examination of the long term effect of performance visualization. Communication Research Reports 17:3, pages 229-236.
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Lynne Kelly & JamesA. Keaten. (2000) Treating communication anxiety: Implications of the communibiological paradigm. Communication Education 49:1, pages 45-57.
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Joe Ayres & BrianL. Heuett. (1999) An examination of the impact of performance visualization. Communication Research Reports 16:1, pages 29-39.
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Joe Ayres, Terry Schliesman & Debbie Ayres Sonandré. (1998) Practice makes perfect but does it help reduce communication apprehension?. Communication Research Reports 15:2, pages 170-179.
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Joe Ayres, Brian Heuett & Debbie Ayres Sonandre'. (1998) Testing a refinement in an intervention for communication apprehension. Communication Reports 11:1, pages 73-85.
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ThomasE. Robinson$suffix/text()$suffix/text(). (1997) Communication apprehension and the basic public speaking course: A national survey of in‐class treatment techniques. Communication Education 46:3, pages 188-197.
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Joe Ayres & BrianL. Heuett. (1997) The relationship between visual imagery and public speaking apprehension. Communication Reports 10:1, pages 87-94.
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RandolphH. Whitworth & Claudia Cochran. (1996) Evaluation of integrated versus unitary treatments for reducing public speaking anxiety. Communication Education 45:4, pages 306-314.
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CherylR. Hamilton & DeanK. Frerichs. (1996) COMMUNICATOR ANXIETY: A COMPARISON OF 2‐ AND 4‐YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS. Community College Journal of Research and Practice 20:4, pages 325-332.
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Peggy Yuhas Byers & Carolyn Secord Weber. (1995) The timing of speech anxiety reduction treatments in the public speaking classroom. Southern Communication Journal 60:3, pages 246-256.
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Joe Ayres. (1995) Comparing self‐constructed visualization scripts with guided visualization. Communication Reports 8:2, pages 193-199.
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Joe Ayres, DebbieM. Ayres, Gary Grudzinskas, Tim Hopf, Erin Kelly & A. Kathleen Wilcox. (1995) A component analysis of performance visualization. Communication Reports 8:2, pages 185-192.
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Joe Ayres, Tim Hopf & DebbieM. Ayres. (1994) An examination of whether imaging ability enhances the effectiveness of an intervention designed to reduce speech anxiety. Communication Education 43:3, pages 252-258.
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Tim Hopf, Joe Ayres & Noelle Colby. (1994) Using visualization to reduce communication apprehension in initial interaction: A brief report. Communication Reports 7:1, pages 57-59.
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Noelle Colby, Tim Hopf & Joe Ayres. (1993) Nice to meet you? Inter/intrapersonal perceptions of communication apprehension in initial interactions. Communication Quarterly 41:2, pages 221-230.
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Tim Hopf & Noelle Colby. (1992) The relationship between interpersonal communication apprehension and self‐efficacy. Communication Research Reports 9:2, pages 131-135.
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Joe Ayres & Sean Michael Raftis. (1992) The impact of evaluation and preparation time on high public speaking anxious speakers’ thoughts, behavior, and state‐communication apprehension. Southern Communication Journal 57:4, pages 323-327.
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JamesW. Chesebro, JamesC. McCroskey, DeborahF. Atwater, ReneM. Bahrenfuss, Gordon Cawelti, JamesL. Gaudino & Helene Hodges. (1992) Communication apprehension and self‐perceived communication competence of at‐risk students. Communication Education 41:4, pages 345-360.
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Tim Hopf & Joe Ayres. (1992) Coping with public speaking anxiety: An examination of various combinations of systematic desensitization, skills training, and visualization. Journal of Applied Communication Research 20:2, pages 183-198.
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Joe Ayres & Tim Hopf. (1992) Visualization: Reducing speech anxiety and enhancing performance. Communication Reports 5:1, pages 1-10.
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Joe Ayres & Tim Hopf. (1991) Visualization: The next generation. Communication Research Reports 8:2, pages 133-140.
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Joe Ayres & Tim Hopf. (1991) Coping with writing apprehension. Journal of Applied Communication Research 19:3, pages 186-196.
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Joe Ayres. (1990) Situational factors and audience anxiety. Communication Education 39:4, pages 283-291.
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Steven Grubaugh. (1990) Public Speaking: Reducing Student Apprehension and Improving Oral Skills. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas 63:6, pages 255-258.
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Joe Ayres & TheodoreS. Hopf. (1990) The long‐term effect of visualization in the classroom: A brief research report. Communication Education 39:1, pages 75-78.
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Mike Allen, JohnE. Hunter & WilliamA. Donohue. (1989) Meta‐analysis of self‐report data on the effectiveness of public speaking anxiety treatment techniques. Communication Education 38:1, pages 54-76.
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Mary Hinchcliff Pelias. (1989) Communication apprehension in basic public speaking texts; an examination of contemporary textbooks. Communication Education 38:1, pages 41-53.
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Joe Ayres & TheodoreS. Hopf. (1989) Visualization: Is it more than extra‐attention?. Communication Education 38:1, pages 1-5.
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Joe Ayres. (1988) Coping with speech anxiety: The power of positive thinking. Communication Education 37:4, pages 289-296.
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AnitaL. Vangelisti. (1987) Problem solving: Issues for the classroom. Communication Education 36:3, pages 296-304.
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Joe Ayres & TheodoreS. Hopf. (1987) Visualization, systematic desensitization, and rational emotive therapy: A comparative evaluation. Communication Education 36:3, pages 236-240.
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Matthew T. Feldner, Michael J. Zvolensky & Norman B. Schmidt. (2004) Prevention of anxiety psychopathology: A critical review of the empirical literature.. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 11:4, pages 405-424.
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Rebecca L Stephens. (1992) Imagery: A Treatment for Nursing Student Anxiety. Journal of Nursing Education 31:7, pages 314-320.
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TIMOTHY N. THOMPSON. (2011) Dialectics, Communication and Exercises for Creativity. The Journal of Creative Behavior 25:1, pages 43-51.
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Ana M. Rossi & William J. Seiler. (2016) The Comparative Effectiveness of Systematic Desensitization and an Integrative Approach in Treating Public Speaking Anxiety: A Literature Review and a Preliminary Investigation. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 9:1, pages 49-66.
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Richard L. Weaver & Howard W. Cotrell. (1987) Lecturing: Essential communication strategies. New Directions for Teaching and Learning 1987:32, pages 57-69.
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