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Democratization Volume 16, 2009 - Issue 1: THE EUROPEAN UNION'S DEMOCRATIZATION AGENDA IN THE MEDITERRANEAN: A CRITICAL INSIDE-OUT APPROACH
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Original Articles

The EU as a realist actor in normative clothes: EU democracy promotion in Lebanon and the European Neighbourhood Policy

Peter Seeberg Centre for Contemporary Middle East Studies, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, 5230, DenmarkCorrespondence[email protected]
Pages 81-99 | Received 19 May 2008, Published online: 16 Feb 2009

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Paul Silva. (2023) Competing visions for the EU’s southern strategy: Restraint, preventative engagement, and selective intervention. Mediterranean Politics 28:4, pages 580-610.
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Tamirace Fakhoury & Nora Stel. (2023) EU Engagement with Contested Refugee Returns in Lebanon: The Aftermath of Resilience. Geopolitics 28:3, pages 1007-1032.
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Sharon Lecocq. (2020) EU foreign policy and hybrid actors in the Middle East: ready for geopolitical contestation?. Global Affairs 6:4-5, pages 363-380.
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Maryna Rabinovych. (2019) EU's development policy vis-à-vis Ukraine after the Euromaidan: securitisation, state-building and integration. East European Politics 35:3, pages 332-350.
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Julian Pänke. (2019) Liberal Empire, Geopolitics and EU Strategy: Norms and Interests in European Foreign Policy Making. Geopolitics 24:1, pages 100-123.
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Roberto Roccu & Benedetta Voltolini. (2018) Security and stability reframed, selective engagement maintained? The EU in the Mediterranean after the Arab uprisings. Mediterranean Politics 23:1, pages 182-195.
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Roberto Roccu & Benedetta Voltolini. (2018) Framing and reframing the EU’s engagement with the Mediterranean: Examining the security-stability nexus before and after the Arab uprisings. Mediterranean Politics 23:1, pages 1-22.
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Lucy M. Abbott. (2018) International democracy promotion and democratization in the Middle East and North Africa. Democratization 25:1, pages 178-184.
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Tobias Schumacher. (2018) The EU, Middle Eastern powers and milieu-shaping in the ‘shared’ Arab Mediterranean neighbourhood: a story of mutual neglect. Contemporary Politics 24:1, pages 46-64.
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Tom Theuns. (2017) Promoting democracy through economic conditionality in the ENP: a normative critique. Journal of European Integration 39:3, pages 287-302.
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Chiara Loda. (2017) The European Union as a normative power: the case of Armenia. East European Politics 33:2, pages 275-290.
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Giselle Bosse. (2017) EU normative performance: a critical theory perspective on the EU’s response to the massacre in Andijon, Uzbekistan. East European Politics 33:1, pages 56-71.
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Benedetta Voltolini. (2016) Non-state actors and framing processes in EU foreign policy: the case of EU–Israel relations. Journal of European Public Policy 23:10, pages 1502-1519.
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Peter Seeberg. (2015) Regime Adaptability and Political Reconfigurations following the Arab Spring: New Challenges for EU Foreign Policies toward the Mediterranean. Middle East Critique 24:1, pages 41-53.
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Peter Seeberg. (2015) The EU and the Syrian Crisis: The Use of Sanctions and the Regime's Strategy for Survival. Mediterranean Politics 20:1, pages 18-35.
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Gergana Noutcheva. (2015) Institutional Governance of European Neighbourhood Policy in the Wake of the Arab Spring. Journal of European Integration 37:1, pages 19-36.
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Balázs Szent-Iványi. (2014) The EU's Support for Democratic Governance in the Eastern Neighbourhood: The Role of Transition Experience from the New Member States. Europe-Asia Studies 66:7, pages 1102-1121.
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Daniela Huber. (2013) US and EU Human Rights and Democracy Promotion since the Arab Spring. Rethinking its Content, Targets and Instruments. The International Spectator 48:3, pages 98-112.
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Michael Emerson. (2011) Just Good Friends? The European Union's Multiple Neighbourhood Policies. The International Spectator 46:4, pages 45-62.
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Franz Eder. (2011) The European Union's counter-terrorism policy towards the Maghreb: trapped between democratisation, economic interests and the fear of destabilisation. European Security 20:3, pages 431-451.
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Oliver Schlumberger. (2011) The Ties that do not Bind: The Union for the Mediterranean and the Future of Euro-Arab Relations. Mediterranean Politics 16:1, pages 135-153.
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Peter Seeberg. (2010) Union for the Mediterranean—Pragmatic Multilateralism and the Depoliticization of EU-Middle Eastern Relations. Middle East Critique 19:3, pages 287-302.
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Articles from other publishers (31)

Kazushige Kobayashi. (2020) Is normative power cosmopolitan? Rethinking European unity, norm diffusion, and international political theory. Cooperation and Conflict 56:2, pages 181-203.
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Foteini Asderaki. 2021. The New Eastern Mediterranean Transformed. The New Eastern Mediterranean Transformed 31 67 .
Federica ZardoFederica Zardo. 2020. Joint Ownership in EU-Tunisia Relations. Joint Ownership in EU-Tunisia Relations 17 38 .
Nick Pounds & Rudolf Keijzer. 2020. Projecting Resilience Across the Mediterranean. Projecting Resilience Across the Mediterranean 205 226 .
Manasi Singh. 2019. Challenges in Europe. Challenges in Europe 127 145 .
Matúš Mišík. 2019. Democracy Promotion and the Normative Power Europe Framework. Democracy Promotion and the Normative Power Europe Framework 37 51 .
Ronald Holzhacker & Marek Neuman. 2019. Democracy Promotion and the Normative Power Europe Framework. Democracy Promotion and the Normative Power Europe Framework 13 36 .
Hatice YAZGAN. (2018) AB’nin Güney Komşuları ile İlişkileri: Göçün Güvenlikleştirilmesi ve Sivil Topluma Etkiler. Mukaddime 9:3, pages 21-38.
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Peter Seeberg. (2018) EU policies concerning Lebanon and the bilateral cooperation on migration and security – new challenges calling for new institutional practices?. Palgrave Communications 4:1.
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Roberto Roccu. (2018) Ordoliberalizing the Neighbourhood? The EU's Promotion of Regulatory Reforms in Egypt. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 56:5, pages 1070-1086.
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Sara Kahn-Nisser. (2018) Constructive Criticism: Shaming, Incentives, and Human Rights Reforms. Politics & Policy 46:1, pages 58-83.
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Nelli Babayan & Thomas Risse. (2017) Transatlantic democracy promotion: cooperation in crisis. International Politics 54:2, pages 221-237.
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Valentina KostadinovaValentina Kostadinova. 2017. The European Commission and the Transformation of EU Borders. The European Commission and the Transformation of EU Borders 153 187 .
Theofanis Exadaktylos & Kennet Lynggaard. 2017. The Revised European Neighbourhood Policy. The Revised European Neighbourhood Policy 37 56 .
Are John Knudsen & Tine Gade. 2017. Civil-Military Relations in Lebanon. Civil-Military Relations in Lebanon 1 22 .
Peter Seeberg. (2016) The EU and the international sanctions against Iran: European and Iranian foreign and security policy interests, and a changing Middle East. Palgrave Communications 2:1.
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Raffaella A. Del Sarto. (2016) Normative Empire Europe: The European Union, its Borderlands, and the ‘Arab Spring’. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 54:2, pages 215-232.
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Peter Seeberg. 2016. External Governance as Security Community Building. External Governance as Security Community Building 163 186 .
Christos Kourtelis. 2016. The Palgrave Handbook of Critical International Political Economy. The Palgrave Handbook of Critical International Political Economy 413 430 .
Beste İşleyen. (2014) The European Union and neoliberal governmentality: Twinning in Tunisia and Egypt. European Journal of International Relations 21:3, pages 672-690.
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Anne Jenichen. 2015. Interdisziplinäre Europastudien. Interdisziplinäre Europastudien 369 391 .
Michelle Pace. (2014) The EU's Interpretation of the ‘Arab Uprisings’: Understanding the Different Visions about Democratic Change in EU-MENA Relations. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 52:5, pages 969-984.
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William ClaptonWilliam Clapton. 2014. Risk and Hierarchy in International Society. Risk and Hierarchy in International Society 59 77 .
Peter Seeberg. 2013. Migration, Security, and Citizenship in the Middle East. Migration, Security, and Citizenship in the Middle East 167 193 .
Chiara Ruffa. (2011) Realist-normative power Europe? Explaining EU policies toward Lebanon from an IR perspective. Comparative European Politics 9:4-5, pages 562-580.
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Helmut Elbers & Carina Fiebich-Dinkel. 2011. Externe EU-Governance. Externe EU-Governance 197 220 .
Kressen Thyen. (2018) Why It Matters What We Do: Arab Citizenss Perceptions of the European Union after the 2011 Uprisings. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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Andrea Teti, Ilia Xypolia, Viola Sarnelli, Gerasimos Tsourapas, Vera Lomazzi & Pamela Abbott. (2017) Political and Social Transformations in Egypt. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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Pamela Abbott. (2017) EU Policy Impact and Public Perception in the MENA Region. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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Mohamed Limam & Raffaella A. Del Sarto. (2015) Periphery Under Pressure: Morocco, Tunisia and the European Union's Mobility Partnership on Migration. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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Rouba Al-Fattal. (2010) The Foreign Policy of the EU in the Palestinian Territory. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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