A generational arc: early literacy practices among Pakistani and Indian heritage language families

Figures & data

Table 1. Interview participants.

Name	Generation	Generation according to Rumbaut’s typology	Additional comments
Hemal Mistry	Grandmother	2	Only grandmother born in the UK
Amisha Mistry	Mother	3
Fahmida Abid	Grandmother	1.5
Gulnaz Abid	Mother	2
Isha Patel	Grandmother	1.75
Neha Patel	Mother	1	Only ‘new arrival’ in the mothers’ generation
Hakesh Patel	Son (3.5 years)	2
Tanvi Desai	Grandmother	1.5	Tanvi’s views were largely given in Gujarati, and interpreted by her daughter
Yara Desai	Mother	2
Payal Desai	Daughter (4 years)	3

Figure 1. Support flow for early literacy development available to the various generations.