Japanese Quince Chaenomeles Japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach Leaves a New Source of Antioxidants for Food

Figures & data

Table 1. Antioxidant activity in the methanol extracts of quince Chaenomeles japonica cultivars leaves

Chaenomeles japonica cultivars
Antioxidant activity, µmol TE/g	Rasa	Darius	Rondo
TFPH	207.4 ± 3.6^a	292.3 ± 74.2^a	173.9 ± 5.4^a
FRAP	124.9 ± 5.5^b	163.8 ± 4.4^a	189.7 ± 8.9^a
CUPRAC	1090.9 ± 21.6^a	1134.9 ± 14.7^a	1094.6 ± 154.5^a
DPPH	462.4 ± 14.2^a	300.4 ± 2.8^b	498.8 ± 8.7^a
ABTS	873.4 ± 31.2^a	1062.4 ± 90.1^a	646.4 ± 22.5^b

^aValues are means ± standard deviations (η = 3). Means with same letter are not significantly different between the values (P < 0.05). Tukey’s range (HSD) test.

Table 2. The total amount of dry matter, phenolic compounds and proanthocyanidins of Chaenomeles japonica leaves

Chaenomeles japonica cultivars	Total Phenolic, mg/100g	Proanthocyanidins, mg/100g	DM of dry leaves, %
Rasa	7614.4 ± 89.5^a	1325.1 ± 31.4^a	95.64 ± 0.62
Darius	7865.8 ± 177.7^a	910.4 ± 20.1^a	95.02 ± 1.31
Rondo	5933.8 ± 69.5^b	662.4 ± 15.6^b	90.12 ± 1.54

^aValues are means ± standard deviations (η = 3). Means with same letter are not significantly different between the values (P < 0.05). Tukey’s range (HSD) test.

Table 3. Quantitative evaluation of phenolic compounds mg/g (expressed for absolute dry weight) in alcohol extracts obtained from the quince leaves of cultivars grown in Latvia

Chaenomeles japonica cultivars
Phenolic compounds	Rasa	Darius	Rondo
Hyperoside	1.97	2.17	0.25
Isoquercitrin	1.70	2.13	0.42
Rutin	0.48	0.96	0.06
Quercitrin	0.35	1.31	0.25
(+)-Catechin	ND	0.57	ND
Procyanidin B2	0.82	1.13	0.21
(-)-Epicatechin	2.04	3.96	0.31
Procyanidin C1	0.79	1.33	0.18
p-coumaric acid	0.10	0.16	0.06
Chlorogenic acid	30.59	52.38	11.20
Total, mg/g	38.84	64.79	12.94

ND-not detected

Figure 1. Chromatogram of alcohol extract of quince Chaenomeles japonica leaf sample investigate (λ = 280 nm)

Numbers indicate the peaks of analytes: 2: Chlorogenic acid. 3: Procyanidin B2. 4: (-)-Epicatechin. 5: Procyanidin C1. 6: p-Coumaric acid. 7: Rutin. 8: Hyperoside. 9: Isoquercitrin. 10: Quercitrin.

Table 4. Triterpenes of quince Chaenomeles japonica cultivars leaves

Chaenomeles japonica cultivars	Corosolic acid. µg/g DW	Betulinic acid. µg/g DW	Oleonolic acid. µg/g DW	Ursolic acid. µg/g DW
Rasa	46 ± 2^a	85 ± 5^b	1062 ± 44^b	3689 ± 178^c
Darius	12 ± 1^b	118 ± 4^b	1265 ± 74^b	5231 ± 209^b
Rondo	5.4 ± 0.6^c	237 ± 16^a	2142 ± 194^a	6750 ± 154^a

^aValues are means ± standard deviations (η = 3). Means with same letter are not significantly different between the values (P < 0.05). Tukey’s range (HSD) test.

Figure 2. Chromatogram of acetone (100%. v/v) extract of quince Chaenomeles japonica leaf sample investigate (λ = 205 nm)

Numbers indicate the peaks of analytes:1: Corosolic acid. 2: Betulinic acid. 3: Oleonolic acid. 4: Ursolic acid.