Partners or Foes? Cross-Country Consumer Animosity, Ethnocentrism, and Nationalism in Times of International Crisis

References

• Balabanis, G., & Diamantopoulos, A. (2016). Consumer xenocentrism as determinant of foreign product preference: A system justification perspective. Journal of International Marketing, 24(3), 58–77. doi:10.1509/jim.15.0138
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balabanis, G., Diamantopoulos, A., Mueller, R. D., & Melewar, T. C. (2001). The impact of nationalism, patriotism and internationalism on consumer ethnocentric tendencies. Journal of International Business Studies, 32(1), 157–175. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490943
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomberg. (2012, May 24). Hey, Germany: you got a bailout, too. Retrieved February 2, 2020, from https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2012-05-23/merkel-should-know-her-country-has-been-bailed-out-too
   Google Scholar
• Brown, S. P., & Beltramini, R. F. (1989). Consumer complaining and word of mouth activities: Field evidence. In T. K. Srull (Ed.), ACR North American Advances, (9–16). ACR.
   Google Scholar
• Bulmer, S. (2014). Germany and the Eurozone crisis: Between hegemony and domestic politics. West European Politics, 37(6), 1244–1263. doi:10.1080/01402382.2014.929333
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter, J. M., & Fairhurst, A. (2005). Consumer shopping value, satisfaction, and loyalty for retail apparel brands. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 9(3), 256–269. doi:10.1108/13612020510610408
   Google Scholar
• Chan, T. S., Chan, K. K., & Leung, L. C. (2010). How consumer ethnocentrism and animosity impair the economic recovery of emerging markets. Journal of Global Marketing, 23(3), 208–225. doi:10.1080/08911762.2010.487422
   Google Scholar
• Chang, S. J., Van Witteloostuijn, A., & Eden, L. (2010). Common method variance in international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 41, 178–184. doi:10.1057/jibs.2009.88
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheah, I., Phau, I., Kea, G., & Huang, Y. A. (2016). Modelling effects of consumer animosity: Consumers’ willingness to buy foreign and hybrid products. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 30(May), 184–192. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.01.018
   Google Scholar
• Chryssochoidis, G., Krystallis, A., & Perreas, P. (2007). Ethnocentric beliefs and country-of-origin (COO) effect: Impact of country, product and product attributes on Greek consumers’ evaluation of food products. European Journal of Marketing, 41(11/12), 1518–1544. doi:10.1108/03090560710821288
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleveland, M., Laroche, M., & Papadopoulos, N. (2009). Cosmopolitanism, consumer ethnocentrism, and materialism: An eight-country study of antecedents and outcomes. Journal of International Marketing, 17(1), 116–146. doi:10.1509/jimk.17.1.116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Nisco, A., Mainolfi, G., Marino, V., & Napolitano, M. R. (2016). Effect of economic animosity on consumer ethnocentrism and product-country images. A binational study on the perception of Germany during the Euro crisis. European Management Journal, 34(1), 59–68. doi:10.1016/j.emj.2015.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhar, R., & Kim, E. Y. (2007). Seeing the forest or the trees: Implications of construal level theory for consumer choice. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17(2), 96–100. doi:10.1016/S1057-7408(07)70014-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Druckman, D. (1994). Nationalism, patriotism, and group loyalty: A social psychological perspective. Mershon International Studies Review, 38(Suppl. 1), 43–68. doi:10.2307/222610
   Google Scholar
• El Banna, A., Papadopoulos, N., Murphy, S. A., Rod, M., & Rojas-Méndez, J. I. (2018). Ethnic identity, consumer ethnocentrism, and purchase intentions among bi-cultural ethnic consumers: ‘Divided loyalties’ or ‘dual allegiance’? Journal of Business Research, 82(1), 310–319. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.09.010
   Google Scholar
• Elliot, S., Papadopoulos, N., & Kim, S. S. (2011). An integrative model of place image: Exploring relationships between destination, product, and country images. Journal of Travel Research, 50(5), 520–534. doi:10.1177/0047287510379161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erdem, T., Swait, J., & Valenzuela, A. (2006). Brands as signals: A cross-country validation study. Journal of Marketing, 70(1), 34–49. doi:10.1509/jmkg.2006.70.1.34
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ettenson, R., & Klein, J. G. (2005). The fallout from French nuclear testing in the South Pacific. International Marketing Review, 22(2), 199–224. doi:10.1108/02651330510593278
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farah, M. F., & Newman, A. J. (2010). Exploring consumer boycott intelligence using a socio-cognitive approach. Journal of Business Research, 63(4), 347–355.10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.03.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Ferrín, P., Bande-Vilela, B., Klein, J. G., & del Río-Araújo, M. L. (2015). Consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity: Antecedents and consequences. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 10(1), 73–88. doi:10.1108/IJOEM-11-2011-0102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fetscherin, M., Diamantopoulos, A., Chan, A., & Abbott, R. (2015). How are brand names of Chinese companies perceived by Americans? Journal of Product & Brand Management, 24(2), 110–123. doi:10.1108/JPBM-02-2014-0501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. doi:10.2307/3151312
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, H., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., & Knight, J. G. (2015). Spillover of distrust from domestic to imported brands in a crisis-sensitized market. Journal of International Marketing, 23(1), 91–112. doi:10.1509/jim.13.0166
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, C. M. (1988). The role of consumer patriotism in the choice of domestic versus foreign products. Journal of Advertising Research, 28(1), 25–31.
   Google Scholar
• Han, C. M., & Guo, C. (2018). How consumer ethnocentrism (CET), ethnocentric marketing, and consumer individualism affect ethnocentric behavior in China. Journal of Global Marketing, 31(5), 324–338. doi:10.1080/08911762.2018.1437649
   Google Scholar
• Hoon Ang, S., Jung, K., Keng Kau, A., Meng Leong, S., Pornpitakpan, C., & Jiuan Tan, S. (2004). Animosity toward economic giants: what the little guys think. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 21(3), 190–207. doi:10.1108/07363760410534740
   Google Scholar
• Hinck, W., Cortes, A., & James, K. (2004). An empirical investigation of the failure of Eastern German products in Western German markets. Journal for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 2(1), 104–111. doi:10.1504/JIBED.2004.007847
   Google Scholar
• Huang, Y. A., Phau, I., & Lin, C. (2010). Consumer animosity, economic hardship, and normative influence: How do they affect consumers’ purchase intention?. European Journal of Marketing, 44(7/8), 909–937. doi:10.1108/03090561011047463
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain, S. K., & Jain, R. (2013). Consumer ethnocentrism and its antecedents: An exploratory study of consumers in India. Asian Journal of Business Research, 3(1), 1–18. doi:10.14707/ajbr.130001
   Google Scholar
• John, A. V., & Brady, M. P. (2011). Consumer ethnocentrism and attitudes toward South African consumables in Mozambique. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 2(1), 72–93. doi:10.1108/20400701111110786
   Google Scholar
• Jung, K., Ang, S. H., Leong, S. M., Tan, S. J., Pornpitakpan, C., & Kau, A. K. (2002). A typology of animosity and its cross-national validation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(6), 525–539. doi:10.1177/0022022102238267
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kesic, T., Rajh, S. P., & Vlasic, G. (2005). The role of nationalism in consumer ethnocentrism and the animosity in the Post-War Country [Paper presentation]. Proceedings of the 34 the European Marketing Conference, Milan, Italy.
   Google Scholar
• Klein, J. G. (2002). Us versus them, or us versus everyone? Delineating consumer aversion to foreign goods. Journal of International Business Studies, 33(2), 345–363. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8491020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, J. G., & Ettenson, R. (1999). Consumer animosity and consumer ethnocentrism: An analysis of unique antecedents. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 11(4), 5–24. doi:10.1300/J046v11n04_02
   Google Scholar
• Klein, J. G., Ettenson, R., & Morris, M. D. (1998). The animosity model of foreign product purchase: An empirical test in the People’s Republic of China. Journal of Marketing, 62(1), 89–100. doi:10.2307/1251805
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeVine, R. A., & Campbell, D. T. (1972). Ethnocentrism: Theories of conflict, ethnic attitudes, and group behavior. John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Little, J. P., & Singh, N. (2015). Decontextualizing consumer animosity. Journal of Global Marketing, 28(2), 83–98. doi:10.1080/08911762.2014.991014
   Google Scholar
• Meier-Pesti, K., & Kirchler, E. (2003). Nationalism and patriotism as determinants of European identity and attitudes toward the euro. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 32(6), 685–700. doi:10.1016/j.socec.2003.10.006
   Google Scholar
• Narang, R. (2016). Understanding purchase intention toward Chinese products: Role of ethnocentrism, animosity, status and self-esteem. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 32(September), 253–261. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.05.010
   Google Scholar
• Nes, E. B., Yelkur, R., & Silkoset, R. (2012). Exploring the animosity domain and the role of affect in a cross-national context. International Business Review, 21(5), 751–765.10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijssen, E. J., & Douglas, S. P. (2004). Examining the animosity model in a country with a high level of foreign trade. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21(1), 23–38. doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2003.05.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawwas, M. Y., Rajendran, K. N., & Wuehrer, G. A. (1996). The influence of worldmindedness and nationalism on consumer evaluation of domestic and foreign products. International Marketing Review, 13(2), 20–38. doi:10.1108/02651339610115746
   Google Scholar
• Papadopoulos, N., & Heslop, L. A. (2000). A cross-national and longitudinal study of product-country images with a focus on the US and Japan. Report-Marketing Science Institute Cambridge Massachusetts.
   Google Scholar
• Papadopoulos, N., El Banna, A., & Murphy, S. A. (2017). Old country passions: An international examination of country image, animosity, and affinity among ethnic consumers. Journal of International Marketing, 25(3), 61–82. doi:10.1509/jim.16.0077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riefler, P., & Diamantopoulos, A. (2007). Consumer animosity: A literature review and a reconsideration of its measurement. International Marketing Review, 24(1), 87–119. doi:10.1108/02651330710727204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritschl, A. (2011, June 21). Germany was biggest debt transgressor of 20th century. Spiegel International. Retrieved February 9, 2020, from https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/economic-historian-germany-was-biggest-debt-transgressor-of-20th-century-a-769703.html
   Google Scholar
• Shankarmahesh, M. N. (2006). Consumer ethnocentrism: An integrative review of its antecedents and consequences. International Marketing Review, 23(2), 146–172. doi:10.1108/02651330610660065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, P. (2015). Consumer ethnocentrism: Reconceptualization and cross-cultural validation. Journal of International Business Studies, 46(3), 381–389. doi:10.1057/jibs.2014.42
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimp, T. A., & Sharma, S. (1987). Consumer ethnocentrism: Construction and validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 24(3), 280–289. doi:10.2307/3151638
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoham, A., Davidow, M., Klein, J. G., & Ruvio, A. (2006). Animosity on the home front: The intifada in Israel and its impact on consumer behaviour. Journal of International Marketing, 14(3), 92–114. doi:10.1509/jimk.14.3.92
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SpiegelOnLine. (2011, December 6). A controversial paragon: Europe shudders at Germany’s new-found power. Retrieved December 9, 2020, from http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/a-controversial-paragon-europe-shudders-at-germany-s-new-found-power-a-801982-2.html
   Google Scholar
• Sternthal, B. (1994). Experimental design: Generalization and theoretical explanation. In Richard P. Bagozzi (Ed.), Principles of marketing research (pp. 195–223). Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Sumner, W. G. (1906). Folkways. Ginn and Company. doi:10.1086/ahr/12.3.702
   Google Scholar
• Tabassi, S., Esmaeilzadeh, P., & Sambasivan, M. (2012). The role of animosity, religiosity and ethnocentrism on consumer purchase intention: A study in Malaysia toward European brands. African Journal of Business Management, 6(23), 6890–6902.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, K. M., & Chrobot-Mason, D. (2004). Group-level explanations of workplace discrimination. In R.L. Dipboye & A. Colella (Eds.), Discrimination at work: The psychological and organizational bases (pp. 63–88). Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Verlegh, P. W., & Steenkamp, J. B. E. (1999). A review and meta-analysis of country-of-origin research. Journal of Economic Psychology, 20(5), 521–546. doi:10.1016/S0167-4870(99)00023-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, Q., McManus, R., Yen, D. A., & Li, X. (2020). Tourism boycotts and animosity: A study of seven events. Annals of Tourism Research, 80(January), 102792. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2019.102792
   Google Scholar
• Watson, J. J., & Wright, K. (2000). Consumer ethnocentrism and attitudes toward domestic and foreign products. European Journal of Marketing, 34(9/10), 1149–1166. doi:10.1108/03090560010342520
   Google Scholar
• Zeugner-Roth, K. P., & Diamantopoulos, A. (2009). Advancing the country image construct: Reply to Samiee’s (2009) commentary. Journal of Business Research, 63(4), 446–449. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.09.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar