References

• Amin, M. U., Khurram, M., Khattak, B., & Khan, J. (2015). Antibiotic additive and synergistic action of rutin, morin and quercetin against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15(1), 59. doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0580-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arima, H., Ashida, H., & Danno, G. I. (2002). Rutin-enhanced antibacterial activities of flavonoids against Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enteritidis. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 66(5), 1009–1014. doi:10.1271/bbb.66.1009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baljeet, S. Y., Simmy, G., Ritika, Y., & Roshanlal, Y. (2015). Antimicrobial activity of individual and combined extracts of selected spices against some pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms. International Food Research Journal, 22(6), 2594–2600.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., & Ibnsouda, S. K. (2016). Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 6(2), 71–79. doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassolé, I. H. N., & Juliani, H. R. (2012). Essential oils in combination and their antimicrobial properties. Molecules, 17(4), 3989–4006. doi:10.3390/molecules17043989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biesaga, M. (2011). Influence of extraction methods on stability of flavonoids. Journal of Chromatography A, 1218(18), 2505–2512. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabrera, C., & Montenegro, G. (2013). Pathogen control using a natural Chilean bee pollen extract of known botanical origin. Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria, 40(1), 223–230. doi:10.4067/S0718-16202013000100020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, M., Zhao, Z., Meng, H., & Yu, S. (2017). The antibiotic activity and mechanisms of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) molasses polyphenols against selected food-borne pathogens. LWT- Food Science and Technology, 82, 354–360. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2017.04.063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, S. D., Mann, C. M., & Markham, J. L. (2001). Interactions between components of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 91(3), 492–497. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01406.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson, P. M., & Taylor, T. M. (2007). Chemical preservatives and natural antimicrobial compounds. In M. P. Doyle & I. R. Beuchat (Eds.), Food microbiology: Fundamentals and frontiers (3rd ed., pp. 713–745). Washington, DC: ASM Press.
   Google Scholar
• Doern, C. D. (2014). When does 2 plus 2 equal 5? A review of antimicrobial synergy testing. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 52(12), 4124–4128. doi:10.1128/JCM.01121-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granato, D., Do Prado-Silva, L., Alvarenga, V. O., Zielinski, A. A., Bataglion, G. A., de Morais, D. R., & Sant’Ana, A. D. S. (2016). Characterization of binary and ternary mixtures of green, white and black tea extracts by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and modeling of their in vitro antibacterial activity. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 65, 414–420. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2015.08.037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khider, M., Elbanna, K., Mahmoud, A., & Owayss, A. A. (2013). Egyptian honeybee pollen as antimicrobial, antioxidant agents, and dietary food supplements. Food Science and Biotechnology, 22(5), 1–9. doi:10.1007/s10068-013-0238-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, S., & Pandey, A. K. (2013). Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: An overview. The Scientific World Journal, 1, 1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Lavelli, V., & Scarafoni, A. (2012). Effect of water activity on lycopene and flavonoid degradation in dehydrated tomato skins fortified with green tea extract. Journal of Food Engineering, 110(2), 225–231. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.05.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandalari, G., Bennett, R. N., Bisignano, G., Trombetta, D., Saija, A., Faulds, C. B., & Narbad, A. (2007). Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids extracted from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel, a byproduct of the essential oil industry. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 103(6), 2056–2064. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03456.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March, G. A., & Bratos, M. A. (2015). A meta-analysis of in vitro antibiotic synergy against Acinetobacter baumannii. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 119, 31–36. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2015.09.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohdaly, A. A., Mahmoud, A. A., Roby, M. H., Smetanska, I., & Ramadan, M. F. (2015). Phenolic extract from propolis and bee pollen: Composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 39(5), 538–547. doi:10.1111/jfbc.12160
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montenegro, G., Gómez, M., Casaubon, G., Belancic, A., Mujica, A. M., & Peña, R. C. (2009). Analysis of volatile compounds in three unifloral native Chilean honeys. va. Phyton, 78, 61–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montenegro, G., Santander, F., Jara, C., Nuñez, G., & Fredes, C. (2013). Actividad antioxidante y antimicrobiana de mieles monoflorales de plantas nativas chilenas. Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de plantas medicinales y aromáticas, 12(3), 257–268.
   Google Scholar
• Montenegro, R. G. (2011). Uses of unifloral ulmo honey extract as a bactericide and a fungicide. WO/2011/0571421.
   Google Scholar
• National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). (2002). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 12th informational supplement, M100-S12. Wayne.
   Google Scholar
• Ncube, B., Finnie, J. F., & Van Staden, J. (2012). In vitro antimicrobial synergism within plant extract combinations from three South African medicinal bulbs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 139(1), 81–89. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pękal, A., & Pyrzynska, K. (2014). Evaluation of aluminium complexation reaction for flavonoid content assay. Food Analytical Methods, 7(9), 1776–1782. doi:10.1007/s12161-014-9814-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puupponen-Pimiä, R., Nohynek, L., Meier, C., Kähkönen, M., Heinonen, M., Hopia, A., & Oksman-Caldentey, K. M. (2001). Antimicrobial properties of phenolic compounds from berries. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 90(4), 494–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramešová, Š., Sokolová, R., Degano, I., Bulíčková, J., Žabka, J., & Gál, M. (2012). On the stability of the bioactive flavonoids quercetin and luteolin under oxygen-free conditions. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 402(2), 975–982. doi:10.1007/s00216-011-5504-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-Vaquero, M. J., Aredes Fernández, P. A., Manca de Nadra, M. C., & Strasser de Saad, A. M. (2010). Phenolic compound combinations on Escherichia coli viability in a meat system. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(10), 6048–6052. doi:10.1021/jf903966p
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salawu, S. O., Ogundare, A. O., Ola-Salawu, B. B., & Akindahunsi, A. A. (2011). Antimicrobial activities of phenolic containing extracts of some tropical vegetables. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5(4), 486–492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, Y., Ma, L., Wen, Y., Wang, H., & Zhang, S. (2014). Studies of the in vitro antibacterial activities of several polyphenols against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules, 19(8), 12630–12639. doi:10.3390/molecules190812630
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomás-Menor, L., Barrajón-Catalán, E., Segura-Carretero, A., Martí, N., Saura, D., Menéndez, J. A., … Micol, V. (2015). The promiscuous and synergic molecular interaction of polyphenols in bactericidal activity: An opportunity to improve the performance of antibiotics? Phytotherapy Research, 29(3), 466–473. doi:10.1002/ptr.5296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velásquez, P., Rodríguez, K., Retamal, M., Giordano, A., Valenzuela, L. M., & Montenegro, G. (2017). Relation between composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities and botanical origin of multi-floral bee pollen. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 90, 306–314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, H. (2009). Synergy research: Approaching a new generation of phytopharmaceuticals. Phytomedicine, 16(2–3), 97–110. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2008.12.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., & Ho, C. (2009). Polyphenolic chemistry of tea and coffee: A century of progress. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(18), 8109–8114. doi:10.1021/jf804025c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar