191
Views
79
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Electroporation for DNA immunization: clinical application

&
Pages 503-517 | Published online: 09 Jan 2014

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (11)

Poulam M. Patel, Christian H. Ottensmeier, Clive Mulatero, Paul Lorigan, Ruth Plummer, Hardev Pandha, Somaia Elsheikh, Efthymios Hadjimichael, Naty Villasanti, Sally E. Adams, Michelle Cunnell, Rachael L. Metheringham, Victoria A. Brentville, Lee Machado, Ian Daniels, Mohamed Gijon, Drew Hannaman & Lindy G. Durrant. (2018) Targeting gp100 and TRP-2 with a DNA vaccine: Incorporating T cell epitopes with a human IgG1 antibody induces potent T cell responses that are associated with favourable clinical outcome in a phase I/II trial. OncoImmunology 7:6.
Read now
Lucyna Cova. (2017) Present and future DNA vaccines for chronic hepatitis B treatment. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 17:2, pages 185-195.
Read now
Wei Xue, Rachael L. Metheringham, Victoria A. Brentville, Barbara Gunn, Peter Symonds, Hideo Yagita, Judith M. Ramage & Lindy G. Durrant. (2016) SCIB2, an antibody DNA vaccine encoding NY-ESO-1 epitopes, induces potent antitumor immunity which is further enhanced by checkpoint blockade. OncoImmunology 5:6.
Read now
Maarten A Ligtenberg, Nicole Rojas-Colonelli, Rolf Kiessling & Alvaro Lladser. (2013) NF-κB activation during intradermal DNA vaccination is essential for eliciting tumor protective antigen-specific CTL responses. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 9:10, pages 2189-2195.
Read now
Hu Liu, Shuang Geng, Congcong Feng, Xiaoping Xie, Bing Wu, Xuan Chen, Qiang Zou, Shuang Wang, Jiantao Cui, Rui Xing, Wenmei Li, Youyong Lu & Bin Wang. (2013) A DNA vaccine targeting p42.3 induces protective antitumor immunity via eliciting cytotoxic CD8+T lymphocytes in a murine melanoma model. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 9:10, pages 2196-2202.
Read now
Malissa C Diehl, Jessica C Lee, Stephen E Daniels, Pablo Tebas, Amir S Khan, Mary Giffear, Niranjan Y Sardesai & Mark L Bagarazzi. (2013) Tolerability of intramuscular and intradermal delivery by CELLECTRA® adaptive constant current electroporation device in healthy volunteers. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 9:10, pages 2246-2252.
Read now
Anahit Ghochikyan, Hayk Davtyan, Irina Petrushina, Armine Hovakimyan, Nina Movsesyan, Arpine Davtyan, Anatoly Kiyatkin, David H. Cribbs & Michael G. Agadjanyan. (2013) Refinement of a DNA based Alzheimer disease epitope vaccine in rabbits. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 9:5, pages 1002-1010.
Read now
Ravendra Garg, Pratima Shrivastava & Sylvia van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk. (2012) The role of dendritic cells in innate and adaptive immunity to respiratory syncytial virus, and implications for vaccine development. Expert Review of Vaccines 11:12, pages 1441-1457.
Read now
Sandhya Vasan & Nelson L Michael. (2012) Improved outlook on HIV-1 prevention and vaccine development. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 12:8, pages 983-994.
Read now
Fadi Saade & Nikolai Petrovsky. (2012) Technologies for enhanced efficacy of DNA vaccines. Expert Review of Vaccines 11:2, pages 189-209.
Read now
Jianfeng Zhang, E Bart Tarbet, Haroldo Toro & De-chu C Tang. (2011) Adenovirus-vectored drug–vaccine duo as a potential driver for conferring mass protection against infectious diseases. Expert Review of Vaccines 10:11, pages 1539-1552.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (68)

Guoxiang Chen, Fenyang Zhu, Alexandra S.J. Gan, Brij Mohan, Krishna K. Dey, Kailiang Xu, Gaoshan Huang, Jizhai Cui, Alexander A. Solovev & Yongfeng Mei. (2023) Towards the next generation nanorobots. Next Nanotechnology 2, pages 100019.
Crossref
Carmen Ledesma-Feliciano, Ros Chapman, Jay W. Hooper, Kira Elma, Darin Zehrung, Miles B. Brennan & Erin K. Spiegel. (2023) Improved DNA Vaccine Delivery with Needle-Free Injection Systems. Vaccines 11:2, pages 280.
Crossref
Barton F. Haynes, Kevin Wiehe, Priyamvada Acharya & Kevin O. Saunders. 2023. Plotkin's Vaccines. Plotkin's Vaccines 458 483.e15 .
Mingde Zheng. 2022. Handbook of Single-Cell Technologies. Handbook of Single-Cell Technologies 61 80 .
Efthymios P Tsounis, Athanasia Mouzaki & Christos Triantos. (2021) Nucleic acid vaccines: A taboo broken and prospect for a hepatitis B virus cure. World Journal of Gastroenterology 27:41, pages 7005-7013.
Crossref
Samantha J. Paston, Victoria A. Brentville, Peter Symonds & Lindy G. Durrant. (2021) Cancer Vaccines, Adjuvants, and Delivery Systems. Frontiers in Immunology 12.
Crossref
Sergei Bazhan, Denis Antonets, Ekaterina Starostina, Tatyana Ilyicheva, Olga Kaplina, Vasiliy Marchenko, Alexander Durymanov, Svetlana Oreshkova & Larisa Karpenko. (2020) Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Influenza A DNA Vaccines Encoding Artificial Antigens Based on Conservative Hemagglutinin Stem Region and M2 Protein in Mice. Vaccines 8:3, pages 448.
Crossref
Irina Petrushina, Armine Hovakimyan, Indira S. Harahap-Carrillo, Hayk Davtyan, Tatevik Antonyan, Gor Chailyan, Konstantin Kazarian, Maxim Antonenko, Amandine Jullienne, Mary M. Hamer, Andre Obenaus, Olga King, Karen Zagorski, Mathew Blurton-Jones, David H. Cribbs, Harry Lander, Anahit Ghochikyan & Michael G. Agadjanyan. (2020) Characterization and preclinical evaluation of the cGMP grade DNA based vaccine, AV-1959D to enter the first-in-human clinical trials. Neurobiology of Disease 139, pages 104823.
Crossref
Thiago Bezerra Taketa, Rogério Aparecido Bataglioli, João Batista Maia Rocha Neto, Bruna Gregatti de Carvalho, Lucimara Gaziola de la Torre & Marisa Masumi Beppu. 2020. Biopolymer Membranes and Films. Biopolymer Membranes and Films 219 242 .
José Alvim Berkenbrock, Guilherme Brasil Pintarelli, Afrânio de Castro Antônio Júnior & Daniela Ota Hisayasu Suzuki. (2018) Verification of Electroporation Models Using the Potato Tuber as In Vitro Simulation. Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering 39:2, pages 224-229.
Crossref
Divya Sharma, Sanjay Arora, Bruna dos Santos Rodrigues, Sushant Lakkadwala, Amrita Banerjee & Jagdish Singh. 2019. Functional Chitosan. Functional Chitosan 229 267 .
Mingde Zheng. 2019. Handbook of Single Cell Technologies. Handbook of Single Cell Technologies 1 20 .
Bin Wang, Jianhua Zhang, Youyu Zhang, Zheng Mao, Nan Lu & Qing Huo Liu. (2018) The penetration of a charged peptide across a membrane under an external electric field: a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. RSC Advances 8:72, pages 41517-41525.
Crossref
Grace Cole, Nicholas J. Dunne & Helen O. McCarthy. 2018. Microneedles for Drug and Vaccine Delivery and Patient Monitoring. Microneedles for Drug and Vaccine Delivery and Patient Monitoring 129 175 .
Tatsuya Yamazaki, Joe Chiba & Sachiko Akashi-Takamura. (2018) Neutralizing Anti-Hemagglutinin Monoclonal Antibodies Induced by Gene-Based Transfer Have Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects on Influenza Virus Infection. Vaccines 6:3, pages 35.
Crossref
Marc P. Girard & Wayne C. Koff. 2018. Plotkin's Vaccines. Plotkin's Vaccines 400 429.e25 .
Dibyadyuti Datta, Geetha P. Bansal, Brooke Grasperge, Dale S. Martin, Mario Philipp, Dietlind Gerloff, Barry Ellefsen, Drew Hannaman & Nirbhay Kumar. (2017) Comparative functional potency of DNA vaccines encoding Plasmodium falciparum transmission blocking target antigens Pfs48/45 and Pfs25 administered alone or in combination by in vivo electroporation in rhesus macaques. Vaccine 35:50, pages 7049-7056.
Crossref
Dibyadyuti Datta, Geetha P. Bansal, Dietlind L. Gerloff, Barry Ellefsen, Drew Hannaman & Nirbhay Kumar. (2017) Immunogenicity and malaria transmission reducing potency of Pfs48/45 and Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines administered by intramuscular electroporation. Vaccine 35:2, pages 264-272.
Crossref
Katherine Schultheis, Hubert Schaefer, Bryan S. Yung, Janet Oh, Karuppiah Muthumani, Laurent Humeau, Kate E. Broderick & Trevor R.F. Smith. (2017) Characterization of guinea pig T cell responses elicited after EP-assisted delivery of DNA vaccines to the skin. Vaccine 35:1, pages 61-70.
Crossref
Grace Cole, Joanne McCaffrey, Ahlam A. Ali & Helen O. McCarthy. (2015) DNA vaccination for prostate cancer: key concepts and considerations. Cancer Nanotechnology 6:1.
Crossref
Dibyadyuti Datta, Geetha P. Bansal, Rajesh Kumar, Barry Ellefsen, Drew Hannaman & Nirbhay Kumar. (2015) Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice . Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 22:9, pages 1013-1019.
Crossref
Juliet Mpendo, Gaudensia Mutua, Julien Nyombayire, Rosine Ingabire, Annet Nanvubya, Omu Anzala, Etienne Karita, Peter Hayes, Jakub Kopycinski, Len Dally, Drew Hannaman, Michael A. Egan, John H. Eldridge, Kristen Syvertsen, Jennifer Lehrman, Beth Rasmussen, Jill Gilmour, Josephine H. Cox, Patricia E. Fast & Claudia Schmidt. (2015) A Phase I Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of Electroporated HIV DNA with or without Interleukin 12 in Prime-Boost Combinations with an Ad35 HIV Vaccine in Healthy HIV-Seronegative African Adults. PLOS ONE 10:8, pages e0134287.
Crossref
John S. Tregoning & Ekaterina Kinnear. 2015. Plasmids. Plasmids 651 668 .
Mojca Pavlin & Maša Kandušer. (2015) New Insights into the Mechanisms of Gene Electrotransfer – Experimental and Theoretical Analysis. Scientific Reports 5:1.
Crossref
Maria L. Knudsen, Karl Ljungberg, Roger Tatoud, Jonathan Weber, Mariano Esteban & Peter Liljeström. (2015) Alphavirus Replicon DNA Expressing HIV Antigens Is an Excellent Prime for Boosting with Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) or with HIV gp140 Protein Antigen. PLOS ONE 10:2, pages e0117042.
Crossref
Shiwen Peng, Liwen Song, Jayne Knoff, Joshua W Wang, Yung-Nien Chang, Drew Hannaman, T-C Wu, Ronald D Alvarez, Richard BS Roden & Chien-Fu Hung. (2014) Control of HPV-associated tumors by innovative therapeutic HPV DNA vaccine in the absence of CD4+ T cells. Cell & Bioscience 4:1.
Crossref
John S. Tregoning & Ekaterina Kinnear. (2014) Using Plasmids as DNA Vaccines for Infectious Diseases. Microbiology Spectrum 2:6.
Crossref
Martin L. YarmushAlexander GolbergGregor Serša, Tadej KotnikDamijan Miklavčič. (2014) Electroporation-Based Technologies for Medicine: Principles, Applications, and Challenges. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 16:1, pages 295-320.
Crossref
Claire F. Evans, Hayk Davtyan, Irina Petrushina, Armine Hovakimyan, Arpine Davtyan, Drew Hannaman, David H. Cribbs, Michael G. Agadjanyan & Anahit Ghochikyan. (2013) Epitope‐based DNA vaccine for Alzheimer's disease: Translational study in macaques. Alzheimer's & Dementia 10:3, pages 284-295.
Crossref
Barbara Mali, Sara Zulj, Ratko Magjarevic, Damijan Miklavcic & Tomaz Jarm. (2014) Matlab-based tool for ECG and HRV analysis. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 10, pages 108-116.
Crossref
Yongbo Song, Ying Zhou, Sylvia van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk & Lingyun Chen. (2014) Cellulose-based polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles for DNA vaccine delivery. Biomaterials Science 2:10, pages 1440.
Crossref
Trevor RF Smith, Katherine Schultheis, William B Kiosses, Dinah H Amante, Janess M Mendoza, John C Stone, Jay R McCoy, Niranjan Y Sardesai & Kate E Broderick. (2014) DNA vaccination strategy targets epidermal dendritic cells, initiating their migration and induction of a host immune response. Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development 1, pages 14054.
Crossref
Sandhya Vasan. 2014. Electroporation Protocols. Electroporation Protocols 291 307 .
Richard Conroy & Belinda Seto. 2014. Engineering in Translational Medicine. Engineering in Translational Medicine 475 512 .
Maja Cemazar. 2014. Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry. Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry 939 943 .
Kouji Kobiyama, Nao Jounai, Taiki Aoshi, Miyuki Tozuka, Fumihiko Takeshita, Cevayir Coban & Ken Ishii. (2013) Innate Immune Signaling by, and Genetic Adjuvants for DNA Vaccination. Vaccines 1:3, pages 278-292.
Crossref
CunXia Liu, ShouWen Du, Chang Li, YuHang Wang, MaoPeng Wang, Yi Li, RongLan Yin, Xiao Li, DaYong Ren, YanQing Qin, JingQiang Ren & NingYi Jin. (2013) Immunogenicity analysis following human immunodeficiency virus recombinant DNA and recombinant vaccinia virus Tian Tan prime-boost immunization. Science China Life Sciences 56:6, pages 531-540.
Crossref
Corinne Marie, Mickaël Quiviger, Helen Foster, George Dickson & Daniel Scherman. 2013. Minicircle and Miniplasmid DNA Vectors. Minicircle and Miniplasmid DNA Vectors 37 58 .
Oladele Ogunremi, John Pasick, Gary P. Kobinger, Drew Hannaman, Yohannes Berhane, Alfonso Clavijo & Sylvia van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk. (2013) A Single Electroporation Delivery of a DNA Vaccine Containing the Hemagglutinin Gene of Asian H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Generated a Protective Antibody Response in Chickens against a North American Virus Strain. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20:4, pages 491-500.
Crossref
Peter C. DeMuth, Younjin Min, Bonnie Huang, Joshua A. Kramer, Andrew D. Miller, Dan H. Barouch, Paula T. Hammond & Darrell J. Irvine. (2013) Polymer multilayer tattooing for enhanced DNA vaccination. Nature Materials 12:4, pages 367-376.
Crossref
Yi-Ning Chen, Ching Ching Wu, Yoon Yeo, Peisheng Xu & Tsang Long Lin. (2013) A DNA prime-protein boost vaccination strategy targeting turkey coronavirus spike protein fragment containing neutralizing epitope against infectious challenge. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 152:3-4, pages 359-369.
Crossref
Sylvia van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk, Zoe Lawman, Marlene Snider, Don Wilson, Jan V. van den Hurk, Barry Ellefsen & Drew Hannaman. (2013) Two Doses of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus DNA Vaccine Delivered by Electroporation Induce Long-Term Protective Immune Responses. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20:2, pages 166-173.
Crossref
Marc P. Girard & Wayne C. Koff. 2013. Vaccines. Vaccines 1097 1121 .
Nataša Pavšelj, Damijan Miklavčič & Sid Becker. 2013. Transport in Biological Media. Transport in Biological Media 493 520 .
Barbara Langer, Matthias Renner, Jürgen Scherer, Silke Schüle & Klaus Cichutek. 2013. Biolistic DNA Delivery. Biolistic DNA Delivery 371 388 .
Claire F. Evans & Drew Hannaman. 2013. Novel Immune Potentiators and Delivery Technologies for Next Generation Vaccines. Novel Immune Potentiators and Delivery Technologies for Next Generation Vaccines 185 215 .
Angèle Soria, Annika Vogt, Adnan Nasir & Béhazine Combadière. 2013. Nanotechnology in Dermatology. Nanotechnology in Dermatology 165 178 .
Lei Li, Fadi Saade & Nikolai Petrovsky. (2012) The future of human DNA vaccines. Journal of Biotechnology 162:2-3, pages 171-182.
Crossref
Ghada Khawaja, Thierry Buronfosse, Catherine Jamard, Fabien Abdul, Sylviane Guerret, Fabien Zoulim, Alain Luxembourg, Drew Hannaman, Claire F. Evans, Daniel Hartmann & Lucyna Cova. (2012) In vivo electroporation improves therapeutic potency of a DNA vaccine targeting hepadnaviral proteins. Virology 433:1, pages 192-202.
Crossref
Bostjan Markelc, Elisabeth Bellard, Gregor Sersa, Sandrine Pelofy, Justin Teissie, Andrej Coer, Muriel Golzio & Maja Cemazar. (2012) In Vivo Molecular Imaging and Histological Analysis of Changes Induced by Electric Pulses Used for Plasmid DNA Electrotransfer to the Skin: A Study in a Dorsal Window Chamber in Mice. The Journal of Membrane Biology 245:9, pages 545-554.
Crossref
Maria L. Knudsen, Alice Mbewe-Mvula, Maximillian Rosario, Daniel X. Johansson, Maria Kakoulidou, Anne Bridgeman, Arturo Reyes-Sandoval, Alfredo Nicosia, Karl Ljungberg, Tomáš Hanke & Peter Liljeström. (2012) Superior Induction of T Cell Responses to Conserved HIV-1 Regions by Electroporated Alphavirus Replicon DNA Compared to That with Conventional Plasmid DNA Vaccine. Journal of Virology 86:8, pages 4082-4090.
Crossref
Alex Golberg & Boris Rubinsky. (2012) Towards Electroporation Based Treatment Planning considering Electric Field Induced Muscle Contractions. Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 11:2, pages 189-201.
Crossref
Lucyna Cova. (2012) Progress in DNA vaccination against HBV infection. Future Virology 7:2, pages 149-160.
Crossref
Hayk Davtyan, Anahit Ghochikyan, Nina Movsesyan, Barry Ellefsen, Irina Petrushina, David H. Cribbs, Drew Hannaman, Claire F. Evans & Michael G. Agadjanyan. (2012) Delivery of a DNA Vaccine for Alzheimer?s Disease by Electroporation versus Gene Gun Generates Potent and Similar Immune Responses. Neurodegenerative Diseases 10:1-4, pages 261-264.
Crossref
Maša Kandušer & Mojca Pavlin. 2012. Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes Volume 15. Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes Volume 15 77 104 .
Tadele G. Kiros, Benoît Levast, Gaël Auray, Stacy Strom, Jill van Kessel & Volker Gerdts. 2012. Innovation in Vaccinology. Innovation in Vaccinology 251 264 .
Drew Hannaman. 2012. Gene Vaccines. Gene Vaccines 163 181 .
A. Ongaro, A. Pellati, A. Caruso, M. Battista, F. De Terlizzi, M. De Mattei & M. Fini. (2011) Identification of In Vitro Electropermeabilization Equivalent Pulse Protocols . Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 10:5, pages 465-473.
Crossref
Kenya Kamimura, Takeshi Suda, Guisheng Zhang & Dexi Liu. (2012) Advances in Gene Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutical Medicine 25:5, pages 293-306.
Crossref
Marc P. Girard, Saladin Osmanov, Olga M. Assossou & Marie-Paule Kieny. (2011) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immunopathogenesis and vaccine development: A review. Vaccine 29:37, pages 6191-6218.
Crossref
Katherine H. Liu, Mary A. Ascenzi, Christine A. Bellezza, Abraham J. Bezuidenhout, Paul J. Cote, Gloria Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza, Drew Hannaman, Alain Luxembourg, Claire F. Evans, Bud C. Tennant & Stephan Menne. (2011) Electroporation Enhances Immunogenicity of a DNA Vaccine Expressing Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Surface Antigen in Woodchucks. Journal of Virology 85:10, pages 4853-4862.
Crossref
Lesley C. Dupuy, Michelle J. Richards, Barry Ellefsen, Lillian Chau, Alain Luxembourg, Drew Hannaman, Brian D. Livingston & Connie S. Schmaljohn. (2011) A DNA Vaccine for Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Delivered by Intramuscular Electroporation Elicits High Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies in Multiple Animal Models and Provides Protective Immunity to Mice and Nonhuman Primates. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18:5, pages 707-716.
Crossref
Marianne Fr?yland, Pier Adelchi Ruffini, Keith Michael Thompson, Tobias Gedde-Dahl, Agnete Brunsvik Fredriksen & Bjarne Bogen. (2011) Targeted idiotype-fusion DNA vaccines for human multiple myeloma: preclinical testing. European Journal of Haematology 86:5, pages 385-395.
Crossref
Nataša Pavšelj & Damijan Miklavčič. (2011) Resistive heating and electropermeabilization of skin tissue during in vivo electroporation: A coupled nonlinear finite element model. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 54:11-12, pages 2294-2302.
Crossref
Karen E. Dolter, Claire F. Evans, Barry Ellefsen, Juwan Song, Mar Boente-Carrera, Roselle Vittorino, Talia J. Rosenberg, Drew Hannaman & Sandhya Vasan. (2011) Immunogenicity, safety, biodistribution and persistence of ADVAX, a prophylactic DNA vaccine for HIV-1, delivered by in vivo electroporation. Vaccine 29:4, pages 795-803.
Crossref
Anze Zupanic, Selma Corovic, Damijan Miklavcic & Mojca Pavlin. (2010) Numerical optimization of gene electrotransfer into muscle tissue. BioMedical Engineering OnLine 9:1.
Crossref
Xianfeng Chen, Angela Shaulov Kask, Michael L. Crichton, Celia McNeilly, Sally Yukiko, Lichun Dong, Joshua O. Marshak, Courtney Jarrahian, Germain J.P. Fernando, Dexiang Chen, David M. Koelle & Mark A.F. Kendall. (2010) Improved DNA vaccination by skin-targeted delivery using dry-coated densely-packed microprojection arrays. Journal of Controlled Release 148:3, pages 327-333.
Crossref
Lesley C. Dupuy, Michelle J. Richards, Douglas S. Reed & Connie S. Schmaljohn. (2010) Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus aerosol challenge in nonhuman primates. Vaccine 28:46, pages 7345-7350.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.