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Original Articles

Defining “Fake News”

A typology of scholarly definitions

, &

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Jorge Vázquez-Herrero, María-Cruz Negreira-Rey & Xosé López-García. (2023) Misinformation on Trial: Media Coverage of a Murder, Public Conversation and Fact-Checking. Journalism Practice 17:10, pages 2218-2240.
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Adrian Rauchfleisch, Tzu-Hsuan Tseng, Jo-Ju Kao & Yi-Ting Liu. (2023) Taiwan’s Public Discourse About Disinformation: The Role of Journalism, Academia, and Politics. Journalism Practice 17:10, pages 2197-2217.
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Anders Olof Larsson. (2023) Scandinavian Hyperpartisans Prevail? News Use on Facebook During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journalism Studies 24:15, pages 1898-1917.
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Ellen Droog, Christian Burgers & David L. Mann. (2023) Cognitive, Emotional and Excitative Responses to Satirical News. Mass Communication and Society 26:6, pages 913-937.
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Andrea Carson & Andrew Gibbons. (2023) The Big Chill? How Journalists and Sources Perceive and Respond to Fake News Laws in Indonesia and Singapore. Journalism Studies 24:14, pages 1819-1838.
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R. Alan Berry, Judith E. Rosenbaum & Amy M. Corey. (2023) Weaponising #Fakenews on Twitter: Generating Flak or Critiquing the Status Quo in the Trump Era?. Javnost - The Public 30:4, pages 534-550.
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Jana Fedtke, Mohammed Ibahrine, Bouziane Zaid & Don Donghee Shin. (2023) Containing a Corona Misinfodemic and Covidiocy: Political Talk Shows on German Public-Service TV. Journalism Practice 17:8, pages 1740-1754.
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Rens Vliegenthart, Jesper Stromback, Hajo Boomgaarden, Elena Broda, Alyt Damstra, Elina Lindgren, Yariv Tsfati & Annelien Van Remoortere. (2023) Taking Political Alternative Media into Account: Investigating the Linkage Between Media Repertoires and (Mis)perceptions. Mass Communication and Society 0:0, pages 1-25.
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Matt Motta, Juwon Hwang & Dominik Stecula. (2023) What Goes Down Must Come Up? Pandemic- Related Misinformation Search Behavior During an Unplanned Facebook Outage. Health Communication 0:0, pages 1-12.
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Soya Nah, Lillie D. Williamson, Lee Ann Kahlor, Lucy Atkinson, Jean-Louis Ntang-Beb & Sean J. Upshaw. (2023) COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Cameroon: The Role of Medical Mistrust and Social Media Use. Journal of Health Communication 28:9, pages 619-632.
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Jessica R. Collier & Emily Van Duyn. (2023) Fake news by any other name: phrases for false content and effects on public perceptions of U.S. news media. Journal of Applied Communication Research 51:4, pages 424-443.
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Yanfang Wu & Bruce Garrison. (2023) Falsehood and satire on social media: does partisan-motivated reasoning influence fake news sharing?. Communication Research and Practice 9:3, pages 290-308.
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Ahmed Al-Rawi & Abdelrahman Fakida. (2023) The Methodological Challenges of Studying “Fake News”. Journalism Practice 17:6, pages 1178-1197.
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Mirela Silva, Luiz Giovanini, Juliana Fernandes, Daniela Oliveira & Catia S. Silva. (2023) What Makes Disinformation Ads Engaging? A Case Study of Facebook Ads from the Russian Active Measures Campaign. Journal of Interactive Advertising 23:3, pages 221-240.
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Bernhard Lutz, Marc T. P. Adam, Stefan Feuerriegel, Nicolas Pröllochs & Dirk Neumann. (2023) Affective Information Processing of Fake News: Evidence from NeuroIS. European Journal of Information Systems 0:0, pages 1-20.
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Alena Kluknavská & Olga Eisele. (2023) Trump and circumstance: introducing the post-truth claim as an instrument for investigating truth contestation in public discourse. Information, Communication & Society 26:8, pages 1583-1600.
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Dimitrios Giomelakis, Olga Papadopoulou, Symeon Papadopoulos & Andreas Veglis. (2023) Verification of News Video Content: Findings from a Study of Journalism Students. Journalism Practice 17:5, pages 1068-1097.
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Alfonso Vara-Miguel, Mercedes Medina & María Elena Gutiérrez-Rentería. (2023) Influence of news interest, payment of digital news, and primary news sources in media trust. A moderated mediation model. Journal of Media Business Studies 0:0, pages 1-25.
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Taeyoung Lee, Thomas J. Johnson & Heloisa Sturm Wilkerson. (2023) You Can’t Handle the Lies!: Exploring the Role of Gamson Hypothesis in Explaining Third-Person Perceptions of Being Fooled by Fake News and Fake News Sharing. Mass Communication and Society 26:3, pages 414-437.
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Oscar Westlund, Kristy Hess, Magdalena Saldaña & Edson C. Tandoc. (2023) 10 Years of Digital Journalism (Studies): The Past, the Present, the Future. Digital Journalism 11:4, pages 595-608.
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Afreen Kansal. (2023) Fake News Detection Using Pos Tagging and Machine Learning. Journal of Applied Security Research 18:2, pages 164-179.
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Hyungjin Gill, Moonhoon Choi & Swee Kiat Tay. (2023) Fake news and partisan blame attribution: Exploring the mediating role of self-enhancing perceptual bias among young adults. Atlantic Journal of Communication 0:0, pages 1-14.
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Thomas J Billard & Rachel E. Moran. (2023) Designing Trust: Design Style, Political Ideology, and Trust in “Fake” News Websites. Digital Journalism 11:3, pages 519-546.
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Leonie Schaewitz, Andrew J. Flanagin, Thomas Hoss, Lena Kölmel, Miriam J. Metzger, Stephan Winter & Nicole C. Krämer. (2023) Social Sharing of Political Disinformation: Effects of Tie Strength, Message Valence, and Corrective Information on Evaluations of Political Figures. Western Journal of Communication 87:2, pages 173-195.
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Johan Farkas. (2023) Fake News in Metajournalistic Discourse. Journalism Studies 24:4, pages 423-441.
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Xinyan Zhao & Stephanie J. Tsang. (2023) How People Process Different Types of Health Misinformation: Roles of Content Falsity and Evidence Type. Health Communication 0:0, pages 1-13.
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Marília Gehrke, Marcelo Träsel, Álvaro Ramos & Júlia Ozorio. (2023) All the President’s Lies: How Brazilian News Media Addressed False and Inaccurate Claims in Their Titles. Journalism Practice 0:0, pages 1-18.
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Mi Rosie Jahng, Stine Eckert & Jade Metzger-Riftkin. (2023) Defending the Profession: U.S. Journalists’ Role Understanding in the Era of Fake News. Journalism Practice 17:2, pages 226-244.
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Jan Kreft, Monika Boguszewicz-Kreft & Daria Hliebova. (2023) Under the Fire of Disinformation. Attitudes Towards Fake News in the Ukrainian Frozen War. Journalism Practice 0:0, pages 1-21.
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Lena Frischlich, Lara Kuhfeldt, Tim Schatto-Eckrodt & Lena Clever. (2023) Alternative Counter-News Use and Fake News Recall During the COVID-19 Crisis. Digital Journalism 11:1, pages 80-102.
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Miren Gutierrez. (2023) Data activism and meta-documentary in six films by Forensic Architecture. Studies in Documentary Film 17:1, pages 32-52.
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Linda Monsees. (2023) Information disorder, fake news and the future of democracy. Globalizations 20:1, pages 153-168.
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Daniel Azerikatoa Ayoung, Frederic Naazi-Ale Baada & Charles Bugre. (2023) Curbing Fake News: A Qualitative Study of the Readiness of Academic Librarians in Ghana. The International Information & Library Review 55:1, pages 1-14.
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Rida Afrilyasanti, Yazid Basthomi, Evynurul Laily Zen & Humairah Fauziah. (2023) Addressing Information Overload in Smart Environment: Framework for Critical Media Literacy Integration in EFL Context. Educational Media International 60:1, pages 31-47.
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Nora Denner, Benno Viererbl & Thomas Koch. (2023) Effects of Repeated Corrections of Misinformation on Organizational Trust: More is Not Always Better. International Journal of Strategic Communication 17:1, pages 39-53.
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Gilbert Fokou, Antang Yamo, Seydou Kone, Amoin Jeanne d’Arc Koffi & Yul Derek Davids. (2022) Xenophobic violence in South Africa, online disinformation and offline consequences. African Identities 0:0, pages 1-20.
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Shih-Yi Chien, Cheng-Jun Yang & Fang Yu. (2022) XFlag: Explainable Fake News Detection Model on Social Media. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 38:18-20, pages 1808-1827.
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Jihyang Choi & Jae Kook Lee. (2022) Confusing Effects of Fake News on Clarity of Political Information in the Social Media Environment. Journalism Practice 16:10, pages 2147-2165.
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Cheuk Hang Au, Kevin K. W. Ho & Dickson K.W. Chiu. (2022) Managing Users’ Behaviors on Open Content Crowdsourcing Platform. Journal of Computer Information Systems 62:6, pages 1125-1135.
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Amal Dabbous, Karine Aoun Barakat & Beatriz de Quero Navarro. (2022) Fake news detection and social media trust: a cross-cultural perspective. Behaviour & Information Technology 41:14, pages 2953-2972.
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Oscar Westlund, Roy Krøvel & Kristin Skare Orgeret. (2022) Newsafety: Infrastructures, Practices and Consequences. Journalism Practice 16:9, pages 1811-1828.
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Summer Harlow, Ryan Wallace & Lourdes Cueva Chacón. (2022) Digital (In)Security in Latin America: The Dimensions of Social Media Violence against the Press and Journalists’ Coping Strategies. Digital Journalism 0:0, pages 1-19.
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Magda Osman, Zoe Adams, Bjoern Meder, Christos Bechlivanidis, Omar Verduga & Colin Strong. (2022) People’s understanding of the concept of misinformation. Journal of Risk Research 25:10, pages 1239-1258.
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Alison McAdam & Kristy Hess. (2022) Navigating the terrain: a typology of mapping in journalism studies. Communication Research and Practice 8:4, pages 278-290.
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Xingyu Ken Chen, Loo Seng Neo, Anais Ang, Jing Yi Lee, Gabriel Ong & Majeed Khader. (2022) The nexus between information disorder and terrorism: a mix of machine learning approach and content analysis on 39 terror attacks. Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict 15:3, pages 190-209.
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Michael Hameleers, Toni van der Meer & Rens Vliegenthart. (2022) Civilized truths, hateful lies? Incivility and hate speech in false information – evidence from fact-checked statements in the US. Information, Communication & Society 25:11, pages 1596-1613.
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Sven Beisecker, Christian Schlereth & Sebastian Hein. (2022) Shades of fake news: how fallacies influence consumers’ perception. European Journal of Information Systems 0:0, pages 1-20.
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Karoline Marko. (2022) Extremist language in anti-COVID-19 conspiracy discourse on Facebook. Critical Discourse Studies 0:0, pages 1-20.
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Ali Mashuri, Idhamsyah Eka Putra, Christopher Kavanagh, Esti Zaduqisti, Fitri Sukmawati, Halimatus Sakdiah & Selviana Selviana. (2022) The socio-psychological predictors of support for post-truth collective action. The Journal of Social Psychology 162:4, pages 504-522.
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Nicoleta Corbu, Denisa-Adriana Oprea & Valeriu Frunzaru. (2022) Romanian adolescents, fake news, and the third-person effect: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Children and Media 16:3, pages 387-405.
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Charlene L. Al-Qallaf & Munirah A. Aljiran. (2022) The Teaching and Learning of Information Literacy Skills among High School Students: Are We There yet?. The International Information & Library Review 54:3, pages 225-241.
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Kieran McGuinness, Caroline Fisher & Jee Young Lee. (2022) Australians’ shifting concerns about mis- and disinformation. Australian Journal of Political Science 57:3, pages 248-263.
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Andrew Gibbons & Andrea Carson. (2022) What is misinformation and disinformation? Understanding multi-stakeholders’ perspectives in the Asia Pacific. Australian Journal of Political Science 57:3, pages 231-247.
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Nicholas Barry & Raul Sanchez-Urribarri. (2022) Populist politics, COVID-19, and fake news: The case of Craig Kelly. Australian Journal of Political Science 57:3, pages 280-296.
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Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Lucas Graves, Bente Kalsnes, Steen Steensen & Oscar Westlund. (2022) Considering Interinstitutional Visibilities in Combating Misinformation. Digital Journalism 10:5, pages 669-678.
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Marju Himma-Kadakas & Indrek Ojamets. (2022) Debunking False Information: Investigating Journalists’ Fact-Checking Skills. Digital Journalism 10:5, pages 866-887.
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Ida Anthonj Nissen, Jessica Gabriele Walter, Marina Charquero-Ballester & Anja Bechmann. (2022) Digital Infrastructures of COVID-19 Misinformation: A New Conceptual and Analytical Perspective on Fact-Checking. Digital Journalism 10:5, pages 738-760.
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Magdalena Saldaña & Hong Tien Vu. (2022) You Are Fake News! Factors Impacting Journalists’ Debunking Behaviors on Social Media. Digital Journalism 10:5, pages 823-842.
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Cai Hui Lien, James Lee & Edson C. Tandoc$suffix/text()$suffix/text(). (2022) Facing Fakes: Understanding Tech Platforms’ Responses to Online Falsehoods. Digital Journalism 10:5, pages 761-780.
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Noorhan Abbas, Jenni Whitfield, Eric Atwell, Helen Bowman, Thomas Pickard & Aisha Walker. (2022) Online chat and chatbots to enhance mature student engagement in higher education. International Journal of Lifelong Education 41:3, pages 308-326.
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Imelda B. Deinla, Gabrielle Ann S. Mendoza, Kier Jesse Ballar & Jurel K. Yap. (2022) The link between fake news susceptibility and political polarization of the youth in the Philippines. Asian Journal of Political Science 30:2, pages 160-181.
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Min Wang, Mingke Rao & Zhipeng Sun. (2022) Typology, Etiology, and Fact-Checking: A Pathological Study of Top Fake News in China. Journalism Practice 16:4, pages 719-737.
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Jessica Pepp, Eliot Michaelson & Rachel Sterken. (2022) Why we should keep talking about fake news. Inquiry 65:4, pages 471-487.
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Rex P. Bringula, Annaliza E. Catacutan-Bangit, Manuel B. Garcia, John Paul S. Gonzales & Arlene Mae C. Valderama. (2022) “Who is gullible to political disinformation?” : predicting susceptibility of university students to fake news. Journal of Information Technology & Politics 19:2, pages 165-179.
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Yi-Chieh Jessica Lin. (2022) Establishing legitimacy through the media and combating fake news on COVID-19: a case study of Taiwan. Chinese Journal of Communication 15:2, pages 250-270.
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João Pedro Baptista & Anabela Gradim. (2022) Online disinformation on Facebook: the spread of fake news during the Portuguese 2019 election. Journal of Contemporary European Studies 30:2, pages 297-312.
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Md. Sayeed Al-Zaman. (2022) A Thematic Analysis of Misinformation in India during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The International Information & Library Review 54:2, pages 128-138.
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Andrew Duffy & Natalie Ning Tan. (2022) Dubious News: The Social Processing of Uncertain Facts in Uncertain Times. Digital Journalism 10:3, pages 395-411.
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Sacha Altay, Emma de Araujo & Hugo Mercier. (2022) “If This account is True, It is Most Enormously Wonderful”: Interestingness-If-True and the Sharing of True and False News. Digital Journalism 10:3, pages 373-394.
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Omar Abu Arqoub, Adeola Abdulateef Elega, Bahire Efe Özad, Hanadi Dwikat & Felix Adedamola Oloyede. (2022) Mapping the Scholarship of Fake News Research: A Systematic Review. Journalism Practice 16:1, pages 56-86.
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Mohammad Ali. (2022) Fake-News Network Model: A Conceptual Framework for Strategic Communication to Deal with Fake News. International Journal of Strategic Communication 16:1, pages 1-17.
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Kelin Chen, Yuni Luo, Anyang Hu, Ji Zhao & Liwei Zhang. (2021) Characteristics of Misinformation Spreading on Social Media During the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: A Descriptive Analysis. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 14, pages 1869-1879.
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Alyt Damstra, Hajo G. Boomgaarden, Elena Broda, Elina Lindgren, Jesper Strömbäck, Yariv Tsfati & Rens Vliegenthart. (2021) What Does Fake Look Like? A Review of the Literature on Intentional Deception in the News and on Social Media. Journalism Studies 22:14, pages 1947-1963.
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Ettore Bolisani, Juan Gabriel Cegarra Navarro & Alexeis Garcia-Perez. (2021) Managing counter-knowledge in the context of a pandemic: challenges for scientific institutions and policymakers . Knowledge Management Research & Practice 19:4, pages 517-524.
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Vincent Chenzi. (2021) Fake news, social media and xenophobia in South Africa. African Identities 19:4, pages 502-521.
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João Pedro Baptista & Anabela Gradim. (2021) “Brave New World” of Fake News: How It Works. Javnost - The Public 28:4, pages 426-443.
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Jordana George, Natalie Gerhart & Russell Torres. (2021) Uncovering the Truth about Fake News: A Research Model Grounded in Multi-Disciplinary Literature. Journal of Management Information Systems 38:4, pages 1067-1094.
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Rachel R. Mourão & Logan Molyneux. (2021) Tweeting Outside the Lines: Normalization and Fragmentation as Political Reporters Break from the Mainstream. Journalism Practice 15:8, pages 1089-1107.
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Taeyoung Lee. (2021) How people perceive influence of fake news and why it matters. Communication Quarterly 69:4, pages 431-453.
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Mengzhe Feng, Nathan L. T. Tsang & Francis L. F. Lee. (2021) Fact-Checking as Mobilization and Counter-Mobilization: The Case of the Anti-Extradition Bill Movement in Hong Kong. Journalism Studies 22:10, pages 1358-1375.
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M. Rosie Jahng, Elizabeth Stoycheff & Annisa Rochadiat. (2021) They Said It’s “Fake“: Effects of Discounting Cues in Online Comments on Information Quality Judgments and Information Authentication. Mass Communication and Society 24:4, pages 527-552.
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Britta C. Brugman, Christian Burgers, Camiel J. Beukeboom & Elly A. Konijn. (2021) From The Daily Show to Last Week Tonight: A Quantitative Analysis of Discursive Integration in Satirical Television News. Journalism Studies 22:9, pages 1181-1199.
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Edson C. Tandoc, James Lee, Matthew Chew, Fan Xi Tan & Zhang Hao Goh. (2021) Falling for fake news: the role of political bias and cognitive ability. Asian Journal of Communication 31:4, pages 237-253.
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Karin Wahl-Jorgensen & Matt Carlson. (2021) Conjecturing Fearful Futures: Journalistic Discourses on Deepfakes. Journalism Practice 15:6, pages 803-820.
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Nairui Xu. (2021) Digital media and investigative journalism in China. Media Asia 48:3, pages 158-174.
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Philip Garner. (2021) Bruno Bettelheim: contradictions, controversies and continuities. Early Child Development and Care 191:7-8, pages 1122-1132.
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Chingching Chang. (2021) Fake News: Audience Perceptions and Concerted Coping Strategies. Digital Journalism 9:5, pages 636-659.
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Andrey Makarychev & Triin Vihalemm. (2021) Introduction. National Identities 23:3, pages 217-220.
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Ric Neo. (2021) The failed construction of fake news as a security threat in Malaysia. Contemporary Politics 27:3, pages 316-335.
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Pulkit Tayal & Vijayakumar Bharathi. S. (2021) Reliability and trust perception of users on social media posts related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 31:1-4, pages 325-339.
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Javier Serrano-Puche. (2021) Digital disinformation and emotions: exploring the social risks of affective polarization. International Review of Sociology 31:2, pages 231-245.
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Ji Won Kim & Gina Masullo Chen. (2021) Exploring the Influence of Comment Tone and Content in Response to Misinformation in Social Media News. Journalism Practice 15:4, pages 456-470.
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Botambu Collins, Dinh Tuyen Hoang, Ngoc Thanh Nguyen & Dosam Hwang. (2021) Trends in combating fake news on social media – a survey. Journal of Information and Telecommunication 5:2, pages 247-266.
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Caio V. Meneses Silva, Raphael Silva Fontes & Methanias Colaço Júnior. (2021) Intelligent Fake News Detection: A Systematic Mapping. Journal of Applied Security Research 16:2, pages 168-189.
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Michael Dee Workman. (2021) Antecedents of social media activism: an analytical study of a controversial topic. Behaviour & Information Technology 40:3, pages 300-310.
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Bente Kalsnes & Anders Olof Larsson. (2021) Facebook News Use During the 2017 Norwegian Elections—Assessing the Influence of Hyperpartisan News. Journalism Practice 15:2, pages 209-225.
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Mats Ekström, Amanda Ramsälv & Oscar Westlund. (2021) The Epistemologies of Breaking News. Journalism Studies 22:2, pages 174-192.
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Simge Andı & Jesper Akesson. (2021) Nudging Away False News: Evidence from a Social Norms Experiment. Digital Journalism 9:1, pages 106-125.
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Astrid Norén-Nilsson. (2021) Fresh News, innovative news: popularizing Cambodia’s authoritarian turn. Critical Asian Studies 53:1, pages 89-108.
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Andrey Makarychev. (2021) Russian “cognitive propaganda”: the case of Impressum Club in Tallinn. Post-Soviet Affairs 37:1, pages 45-64.
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Justin D. Martin & Fouad Hassan. (2020) News Media Credibility Ratings and Perceptions of Online Fake News Exposure in Five Countries. Journalism Studies 21:16, pages 2215-2233.
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Xinzhi Zhang & Wenshu Li. (2020) From Social Media with News: Journalists’ Social Media Use for Sourcing and Verification. Journalism Practice 14:10, pages 1193-1210.
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Hyungjin Gill & Hernando Rojas. (2020) Chatting in a mobile chamber: effects of instant messenger use on tolerance toward political misinformation among South Koreans. Asian Journal of Communication 30:6, pages 470-493.
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Moses Ofome Asak & Tshepang Bright Molale. (2020) Deconstructing De-legitimisation of Mainstream Media as Sources of Authentic News in the Post-Truth Era. Communicatio 46:4, pages 50-74.
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Craig T. Robertson & Rachel R. Mourão. (2020) Faking Alternative Journalism? An Analysis of Self-Presentations of “Fake News” Sites. Digital Journalism 8:8, pages 1011-1029.
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Chau Tong, Hyungjin Gill, Jianing Li, Sebastián Valenzuela & Hernando Rojas. (2020) “Fake News Is Anything They Say!” — Conceptualization and Weaponization of Fake News among the American Public. Mass Communication and Society 23:5, pages 755-778.
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Rui Wang, Yuan He, Jing Xu & Hongzhong Zhang. (2020) Fake news or bad news? Toward an emotion-driven cognitive dissonance model of misinformation diffusion. Asian Journal of Communication 30:5, pages 317-342.
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Janelle Benham. (2020) Best Practices for Journalistic Balance: Gatekeeping, Imbalance and the Fake News Era. Journalism Practice 14:7, pages 791-811.
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Jana Laura Egelhofer, Loes Aaldering, Jakob-Moritz Eberl, Sebastian Galyga & Sophie Lecheler. (2020) From Novelty to Normalization? How Journalists Use the Term “Fake News” in their Reporting. Journalism Studies 21:10, pages 1323-1343.
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Christian Tatchou Nounkeu. (2020) Facebook and Fake News in the “Anglophone Crisis” in Cameroon. African Journalism Studies 41:3, pages 20-35.
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Florian Saurwein & Charlotte Spencer-Smith. (2020) Combating Disinformation on Social Media: Multilevel Governance and Distributed Accountability in Europe. Digital Journalism 8:6, pages 820-841.
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Vered Elishar-Malka, Yaron Ariel & Gabriel Weimann. (2020) Rethinking political communication in the digital sphere. The Journal of International Communication 26:2, pages 190-210.
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Rose Marie Santini, Debora Salles, Giulia Tucci, Fernando Ferreira & Felipe Grael. (2020) Making up Audience: Media Bots and the Falsification of the Public Sphere. Communication Studies 71:3, pages 466-487.
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Febbie Austina Kwanda & Trisha T. C. Lin. (2020) Fake news practices in Indonesian newsrooms during and after the Palu earthquake: a hierarchy-of-influences approach. Information, Communication & Society 23:6, pages 849-866.
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Linda Monsees. (2020) ‘A war against truth’ - understanding the fake news controversy. Critical Studies on Security 8:2, pages 116-129.
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Daniel J. Tamul, Adrienne Holz Ivory, Jessica Hotter & Jordan Wolf. (2020) All the President’s Tweets: Effects of Exposure to Trump’s “Fake News” Accusations on Perceptions of Journalists, News Stories, and Issue Evaluation. Mass Communication and Society 23:3, pages 301-330.
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Weiai Wayne Xu, Yoonmo Sang & Christopher Kim. (2020) What Drives Hyper-Partisan News Sharing: Exploring the Role of Source, Style, and Content. Digital Journalism 8:4, pages 486-505.
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Yariv Tsfati, H. G. Boomgaarden, J. Strömbäck, R. Vliegenthart, A. Damstra & E. Lindgren. (2020) Causes and consequences of mainstream media dissemination of fake news: literature review and synthesis. Annals of the International Communication Association 44:2, pages 157-173.
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Jennifer L. Bonnet & Judith E. Rosenbaum. (2020) “Fake news,” misinformation, and political bias: Teaching news literacy in the 21st century. Communication Teacher 34:2, pages 103-108.
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Sora Park, Caroline Fisher, Terry Flew & Uwe Dulleck. (2020) Global Mistrust in News: The Impact of Social Media on Trust. International Journal on Media Management 22:2, pages 83-96.
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Xiaochen Hu. (2020) News media relations for law enforcement leaders (2nd edition). Journal of Criminal Justice Education 31:2, pages 315-318.
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Michael Hameleers, Thomas E. Powell, Toni G.L.A. Van Der Meer & Lieke Bos. (2020) A Picture Paints a Thousand Lies? The Effects and Mechanisms of Multimodal Disinformation and Rebuttals Disseminated via Social Media. Political Communication 37:2, pages 281-301.
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Samantha Bradshaw, Philip N. Howard, Bence Kollanyi & Lisa-Maria Neudert. (2020) Sourcing and Automation of Political News and Information over Social Media in the United States, 2016-2018. Political Communication 37:2, pages 173-193.
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Margaret Van Heekeren. (2020) The Curative Effect of Social Media on Fake News: A Historical Re-evaluation. Journalism Studies 21:3, pages 306-318.
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Giselle Rampersad & Turki Althiyabi. (2020) Fake news: Acceptance by demographics and culture on social media. Journal of Information Technology & Politics 17:1, pages 1-11.
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Jianing Li. (2020) Toward a Research Agenda on Political Misinformation and Corrective Information. Political Communication 37:1, pages 125-135.
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Joyce Stroobant. (2019) Finding the news and mapping the links: a case study of hypertextuality in Dutch-language health news websites. Information, Communication & Society 22:14, pages 2138-2155.
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Joshua Habgood-Coote. (2019) Stop talking about fake news!. Inquiry 62:9-10, pages 1033-1065.
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Edda Humprecht. (2019) Where ‘fake news’ flourishes: a comparison across four Western democracies. Information, Communication & Society 22:13, pages 1973-1988.
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Don Fallis & Kay Mathiesen. (2019) Fake news is counterfeit news. Inquiry 0:0, pages 1-20.
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Carolyne Mande Lunga & Maxwell Vusumuzi Mthembu. (2019) Investigating the Source and Strategies Adopted by Mainstream Media in Combating Fake News in the Kingdom of Eswatini. African Journalism Studies 40:4, pages 96-111.
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Scott R. Stroud. (2019) Pragmatist Media Ethics and the Challenges of Fake News. Journal of Media Ethics 34:4, pages 178-192.
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Bonnie Stabile, Aubrey Grant, Hemant Purohit & Kelsey Harris. (2019) Sex, Lies, and Stereotypes: Gendered Implications of Fake News for Women in Politics. Public Integrity 21:5, pages 491-502.
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Haris Alibašić & Jonathan Rose. (2019) Fake News in Context: Truth and Untruths. Public Integrity 21:5, pages 463-468.
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Shawn Goh & Carol Soon. (2019) Governing the Information Ecosystem: Southeast Asia’s Fight Against Political Deceit. Public Integrity 21:5, pages 523-536.
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